<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Agah Enes Yasa]]></title><description><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_ERw!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b64f875-c64f-47dd-b049-3b7230e87300_690x690.png</url><title>Agah Enes Yasa</title><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 28 Jul 2026 06:13:16 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Bursa Bellek Haritaları]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[tr]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[eskibursadanotlar@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[eskibursadanotlar@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[eskibursadanotlar@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[eskibursadanotlar@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Nilüfer Antika Pazarı Üzerine Birkaç Keskin Not]]></title><description><![CDATA[Hem Ankara&#8217;da hem &#304;stanbul&#8217;da antika pazarlar&#305;na giderim.]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/nilufer-antika-pazar-uzerine-birkac</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/nilufer-antika-pazar-uzerine-birkac</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 13:07:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g49J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17509fa1-6907-44ef-aaeb-873cfdb021cf_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Hem Ankara&#8217;da hem &#304;stanbul&#8217;da antika pazarlar&#305;na giderim. Genelde amac&#305;m, m&#252;zayedelere d&#252;&#351;memi&#351;se ileride kullanabilece&#287;im efemeralar&#305; toplamakt&#305;r. Bug&#252;n Bursa&#8217;daki antika pazar&#305;na da gittim. Birka&#231; senedir gitmemi&#351;tim. Buraya bir antika pazar&#305; demek, belki di&#287;erlerine bir sayg&#305;s&#305;zl&#305;k olur. O nedenle <em>Nil&#252;fer Hurda ve Antika G&#246;r&#252;n&#252;ml&#252; Kand&#305;r&#305;k&#231;&#305; Emtia Pazar&#305;</em> desek daha do&#287;ru olur.</p><p>B&#252;t&#252;n pazar&#305; zikzaklar &#231;izerek dola&#351;&#305;yorum. Sa&#287;dan, yani voleybol sahas&#305; taraf&#305;ndan girdi&#287;inizde boydan boya, toy bir hevesle oyuncak araba koleksiyonu yapan &#231;ocuklar&#305;n tiz sesleriyle, &#8220;Baba, baba bunu da!&#8221; nidalar&#305; aras&#305;nda ilerliyorsunuz. &#304;kinci b&#246;l&#252;m ise 1990&#8217;l&#305; y&#305;llarda d&#252;z&#252;lm&#252;&#351; &#231;eyizlerde bile istenmeyerek soka&#287;a at&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, oradan da pazara ta&#351;&#305;nm&#305;&#351; ikinci, &#252;&#231;&#252;nc&#252; s&#305;n&#305;f porselenlere ayr&#305;lm&#305;&#351;. Zaten kimsenin bunlarla ilgilendi&#287;i ya da bunlar&#305; sat&#305;n ald&#305;&#287;&#305; da yok. &#304;ki bu&#231;uk saatlik g&#246;zlemim boyunca sat&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;rd&#252;&#287;&#252;m tek &#351;ey, baggy pantolon &#351;ortlar&#305; ve oversize ti&#351;&#246;rtleriyle 1970&#8217;li y&#305;llar&#305;n Amerikan kenar mahalle k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252; taklit eden, lisede kendini kurallara uymad&#305;&#287;&#305; i&#231;in haval&#305; sanan ergenlerin ald&#305;&#287;&#305; retro kasetler ve evvel zikretti&#287;im &#231;ocuk oyuncaklar&#305;yd&#305;.</p><p>Nihayet bir efemera tezg&#226;h&#305; g&#246;rmenin sevinciyle yakla&#351;&#305;yorum. Konuyla pek alakas&#305; olmayan bir kad&#305;n, muhtemelen edebiyat ya da ilahiyat okumu&#351; ve Osmanl&#305;caya kar&#351;&#305; ufak bir a&#351;inal&#305;&#287;&#305; var; tezg&#226;h&#305; inceliyor ve s&#252;rekli sat&#305;c&#305;ya &#8220;&#199;oh g&#252;zel yaa&#8230;&#8221; diye telkinde bulunuyor. Sat&#305;c&#305; adam, elindeki Osmanl&#305;ca pulu g&#246;sterip kad&#305;na, &#8220;Bak i&#351;te &#8216;para pul oldu&#8217; diyoruz ya, hani diyoruz ya, bu paralar&#305; eritip pul yapm&#305;&#351;lar zaman&#305;nda, ondan.&#8221; dedi&#287;ini duyar duymaz, kaynar s&#305;ca&#287;&#305;n bile etkileyemedi&#287;i b&#252;nyem, mavzer kur&#351;unuyla kafamdan vurulmu&#351;a d&#246;n&#252;yor.</p><p>Ali Aky&#305;ld&#305;z&#8217;&#305;n me&#351;hur kitab&#305;n&#305;n ad&#305; da budur malum. Kitapta para, enflasyon kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda o kadar de&#287;ersizle&#351;ir ki bir pul bile bir kuru&#351;tan de&#287;erli h&#226;le gelir. &#8220;Para pul oldu&#8221; tabirinin hik&#226;yesi de budur. Bunu art&#305;k Instagram Reels kayd&#305;rmaktan beyni erimi&#351; yurtta&#351;lar&#305;m&#305;z&#305;n bile bildi&#287;ini d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yorum. En az&#305;ndan antikac&#305;, asgari d&#252;zeyde temel kitaplar&#305; okur; efemera satan biri de mal&#305;n&#305;n k&#305;ymetini buna g&#246;re &#246;l&#231;er diye d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yordum.</p><p>Bir ba&#351;ka tezgahta matbaadan &#231;&#305;kma Osmanl&#305;ca bir kli&#351;e hemen dikkatimi celbediyor. Yakla&#351;&#305;r yakla&#351;maz tezg&#226;h sahibi, &#8220;Matbaalarda &#351;eeey etmek i&#231;in kullan&#305;yorlarm&#305;&#351; bunu.&#8221; diyor. Ben de o asabiyetle, &#8220;Kli&#351;e, biliyorum.&#8221; cevab&#305;n&#305; veriyorum. O da sanki zaten biliyormu&#351; gibi beni, &#8220;Evet, aynen.&#8221; diyerek onayl&#305;yor.</p><p>Baz&#305; tezg&#226;hlarda antika g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;ml&#252;, daha pazar&#305;n giri&#351;inden dijital bask&#305; oldu&#287;u anla&#351;&#305;lan tabaklar, hal&#305;lar g&#246;rd&#252;m. Bunlar&#305;n en az&#305;ndan &#252;zerine &#8220;Retro tabak, 400 TL&#8221; gibilerinden etiketler ili&#351;tirmi&#351;ler. Herh&#226;lde pazardan eli bo&#351; d&#246;nmek istemeyen m&#252;&#351;terileri hedefleyen bu &#252;r&#252;nler de kim bilir hangi camek&#226;nl&#305; balkonlar&#305;, zemini bal&#305;ks&#305;rt&#305; parke d&#246;&#351;eli evleri s&#252;sleyecek!</p><p>Bu zoraki, en eski &#351;eyin yetmi&#351; seksen y&#305;ll&#305;k oldu&#287;u pazar gezmesinden hi&#231;bir materyal toplayamadan uzakla&#351;&#305;yorum. En son ge&#231;en sene geldi&#287;imde birka&#231; nadide foto&#287;raf bulabilmi&#351;tim. Bu sene ise kalitenin daha da d&#252;&#351;t&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; rahatl&#305;kla s&#246;yleyebilirim.</p><p>T&#252;rkiye&#8217;nin en b&#252;y&#252;k d&#246;rd&#252;nc&#252; &#351;ehrinde ya&#351;&#305;yoruz. Ama buran&#305;n milyonluk dev bir k&#246;y, yahut koca bir yatakhane oldu&#287;u ger&#231;e&#287;inden bir t&#252;rl&#252; kurtulam&#305;yoruz.</p><p>&#8220;Neden bu kadar asabisin?&#8221; diye sorabilirsiniz. Ama antika pazar&#305; bana bunlar&#305;n hepsini bir kez daha hat&#305;rlatt&#305;. Eski Bursa&#8217;dan Notlar ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z olsa da, biraz da Yeni Bursa&#8217;dan Notlar&#8217;&#305; payla&#351;mak istedim. </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bursa’nın Hafıza Muhafızı: Uğur Cavaç]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bir Vefa Yaz&#305;s&#305;]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bursann-hafza-muhafz-ugur-cavac</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bursann-hafza-muhafz-ugur-cavac</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2026 09:36:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xKp1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4edb7c4-542b-4c42-bdcf-3a322b847623_1600x1200.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Baz&#305; insanlar vard&#305;r; b&#252;t&#252;n birikimlerini keyif ald&#305;klar&#305; &#351;eylere harcarlar. Kimi i&#231;in bu, sonu gelmeyen bir ayakkab&#305; koleksiyonudur; kimi i&#231;in arabalar, saatler, plaklar... Bizim gibi tarihle hastal&#305;k derecesinde &#252;nsiyet kurmu&#351; olanlar i&#231;inse tozlu kitaplar, kurtlar&#305;n kemirdi&#287;i k&#226;&#287;&#305;tlar ve &#252;zerindeki y&#252;zler silinmeye y&#252;z tutmu&#351; eski foto&#287;raflard&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xKp1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4edb7c4-542b-4c42-bdcf-3a322b847623_1600x1200.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xKp1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4edb7c4-542b-4c42-bdcf-3a322b847623_1600x1200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xKp1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4edb7c4-542b-4c42-bdcf-3a322b847623_1600x1200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xKp1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4edb7c4-542b-4c42-bdcf-3a322b847623_1600x1200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xKp1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4edb7c4-542b-4c42-bdcf-3a322b847623_1600x1200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xKp1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4edb7c4-542b-4c42-bdcf-3a322b847623_1600x1200.jpeg" width="524" height="393" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>U&#287;ur Cava&#231;, ge&#231;ti&#287;imiz haftalarda yay&#305;mlad&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z <a href="https://anatolia19.metu.edu.tr/bursa-hayalet-yapilar">Bursa Hayalet Yap&#305;lar Haritas&#305;</a>&#8217;nda g&#246;rd&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252;z, hatta bug&#252;n sosyal medyada oradan oraya dola&#351;an y&#252;zlerce Bursa foto&#287;raf&#305;n&#305;n as&#305;l sahibidir. Bana kal&#305;rsa Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n ya&#351;ayan en b&#252;y&#252;k koleksiyoneridir.</p><p>Kendisini 2024 y&#305;l&#305;nda tan&#305;d&#305;m. Drama&#8217;dan m&#252;badeleyle Bursa&#8217;ya gelmi&#351; bir ailenin &#231;ocu&#287;u; orman teknisyeni bir baban&#305;n o&#287;lu. Kendisi in&#351;aat m&#252;hendisi. Y&#305;llarca kazand&#305;&#287;&#305; paran&#305;n neredeyse tamam&#305;n&#305;, ba&#351;kalar&#305;n&#305;n g&#246;z&#252;nde sararm&#305;&#351; birka&#231; k&#226;&#287;&#305;t par&#231;as&#305;ndan ibaret olan bu koleksiyonu kurmaya harcam&#305;&#351;. Bug&#252;n elinde, pek &#231;ok kamu kurumunun b&#305;rak&#305;n sahip olmay&#305;, varl&#305;&#287;&#305;ndan dahi haberdar olmad&#305;&#287;&#305; nadide bir Bursa ar&#351;ivi bulunuyor. Foto&#287;raflar, kartpostallar, kitaplar, efemeralar, haritalar... Ne ararsan&#305;z var.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg" width="388" height="517.3333333333334" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1600,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:388,&quot;bytes&quot;:188226,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/i/206420182?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2YNe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3219a5fd-fbd7-4929-8662-b7ce95f2e7f6_1200x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#214;yle m&#252;zayede sitelerinde g&#246;rd&#252;&#287;&#252; eski Bursa foto&#287;raflar&#305;n&#305;n ekran g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;s&#252;n&#252; al&#305;p &#252;zerine filigran basarak &#8220;koleksiyoner&#8221; diye ortal&#305;kta gezenlerden de de&#287;ildir U&#287;ur Abi. Koleksiyonculu&#287;u, sa&#287; t&#305;kla farkl&#305; kaydetmenin biraz daha masrafl&#305; bir t&#252;r&#252; sananlardan hi&#231; de&#287;ildir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png" width="360" height="455.60165975103735" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1220,&quot;width&quot;:964,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:360,&quot;bytes&quot;:2263821,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/i/206420182?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uMy3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2b2e017-1cf4-49d7-bd6f-ec25cf3bb9ba_964x1220.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>En g&#252;zel taraf&#305; ise &#351;udur: &#199;al&#305;&#351;kan bir gen&#231; g&#246;rd&#252;&#287;&#252;nde, o me&#351;hur koleksiyoner pintili&#287;ini asla sergilemez. Elinde ne varsa &#246;n&#252;n&#252;ze koyar; &#8220;kullan&#8221; der. Ne &#252;cret hesab&#305; yapar ne de her foto&#287;raf&#305;n k&#246;&#351;esine ad&#305;n&#305; ili&#351;tirmenin tela&#351;&#305;na d&#252;&#351;er. Nitekim Bursa Hayalet Yap&#305;lar Haritas&#305;&#8217;n&#305; yapabilmem de b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de bu c&#246;mertlik sayesinde m&#252;mk&#252;n oldu.</p><p>Ad&#305;n&#305; pek bir yerde g&#246;remezsiniz. &#214;yle o belediye senin, bu belediye benim dola&#351;&#305;p k&#252;rs&#252; k&#252;rs&#252; gezmez; her toplant&#305;da &#246;n s&#305;raya kurulup &#8220;kentin haf&#305;zas&#305;&#8221; olmaya da &#231;al&#305;&#351;maz. &#350;ehir ad&#305;na konu&#351;ma yetkisini kendisine bah&#351;etmi&#351; de&#287;ildir. M&#252;tevaz&#305; b&#252;rosunda kitap tamir eder, eski k&#226;&#287;&#305;tlar&#305;n pe&#351;ine d&#252;&#351;er, gelen giden antikac&#305;larla sohbet eder. Sessiz sedas&#305;z, kimsenin alk&#305;&#351;&#305;n&#305; beklemeden, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n haf&#305;zas&#305;n&#305; biriktirir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg" width="328" height="437.3333333333333" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1600,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:328,&quot;bytes&quot;:252400,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/i/206420182?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hupg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F82b83927-d4fe-4992-986d-6eb424a02790_1200x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Baz&#305; insanlar &#351;ehirler hakk&#305;nda konu&#351;ur. Baz&#305;lar&#305; &#351;ehirler &#252;zerine toplant&#305;lar d&#252;zenler. Baz&#305;lar&#305; da hi&#231;bir g&#252;r&#252;lt&#252; &#231;&#305;karmadan o &#351;ehrin haf&#305;zas&#305;n&#305; kurtar&#305;r.</p><p>U&#287;ur Cava&#231;, &#252;&#231;&#252;nc&#252;lerdendir.</p><p>Bursam&#305;z&#305;n k&#305;ymetli insanlar&#305;ndand&#305;r vesselam.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ncg5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F235772b4-b59a-4e3b-851c-b6b9567586e6_1200x1600.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ncg5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F235772b4-b59a-4e3b-851c-b6b9567586e6_1200x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ncg5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F235772b4-b59a-4e3b-851c-b6b9567586e6_1200x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ncg5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F235772b4-b59a-4e3b-851c-b6b9567586e6_1200x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ncg5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F235772b4-b59a-4e3b-851c-b6b9567586e6_1200x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ncg5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F235772b4-b59a-4e3b-851c-b6b9567586e6_1200x1600.jpeg" width="316" height="421.3333333333333" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Kokunun Peşini Bırakmadığı Bir Emek: Bursa'da Tabakhanelerin Yolculuğu ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bursa'n&#305;n En Eski Zanaatlerinden Dericilerin Tarihi]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/kokunun-pesini-brakmadg-bir-emek</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/kokunun-pesini-brakmadg-bir-emek</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 06:46:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wAce!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc784b23-02b0-4852-a461-0b7582985a65_1600x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wAce!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc784b23-02b0-4852-a461-0b7582985a65_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wAce!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc784b23-02b0-4852-a461-0b7582985a65_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wAce!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc784b23-02b0-4852-a461-0b7582985a65_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wAce!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc784b23-02b0-4852-a461-0b7582985a65_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wAce!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc784b23-02b0-4852-a461-0b7582985a65_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wAce!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc784b23-02b0-4852-a461-0b7582985a65_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Dericilik ile kesif koku, insanl&#305;k tarihi boyunca ayr&#305;lmaz ikilidir. Bir hayvan&#305;n etinden istifade edildikten, kemi&#287;i kimi zaman tutkal kimi zaman ok ucu ya da ince zanaat &#252;r&#252;nleri i&#231;in i&#351;lendikten sonra geriye kalan en inat&#231;&#305; par&#231;a deridir ve bu par&#231;an&#305;n nihai dura&#287;&#305; tabakhanelerdir. Derinin i&#351;lenmesi, do&#287;as&#305; gere&#287;i &#231;&#252;r&#252;me ile m&#252;cadele anlam&#305;na gelir. Zira deri, sonu&#231;ta bir cesedin par&#231;as&#305;d&#305;r ve &#252;zerindeki biyolojik kal&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305;n &#231;&#246;z&#252;nmesini engellemek i&#231;in g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zdeki kimyasal teknikler geli&#351;ene kadar tarih boyunca organik maddeler kullan&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bu maddelerin aras&#305;nda kire&#231;, bitkisel tanenler, hayvansal ya&#287;lar ve hayvan ya da insan d&#305;&#351;k&#305;s&#305; da yer al&#305;r. Bu nedenle tabakhaneler, koku ve at&#305;kla birlikte d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;len &#252;retim mek&#226;nlar&#305;d&#305;r. Kent hayat&#305;n&#305;n gerektirdi&#287;i d&#252;zen ve temizlik idealleriyle bu &#252;retim alanlar&#305;n&#305;n yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305; &#231;evresel etkiler aras&#305;ndaki gerilim, tarih boyunca bir&#231;ok &#351;ehirde benzer mek&#226;nsal &#231;&#246;z&#252;mler do&#287;urmu&#351;tur.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp" width="480" height="270" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y4fZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F723e5e34-c8c9-4c79-8ed4-4fcbef20f89f_480x270.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Neredeyse b&#252;t&#252;n Osmanl&#305; ve Avrupa &#351;ehirlerinde, yerel ihtiyac&#305; kar&#351;&#305;layacak &#246;l&#231;ekte faaliyet g&#246;steren en az bir tabakhaneye rastlamak m&#252;mk&#252;nd&#252;. Zamanla bu i&#351;letmelerin bir&#231;o&#287;u deri tabaklama ve boyama konusunda kendilerine &#246;zg&#252; teknikler geli&#351;tirdi. Bu sayede &#252;nleri bulunduklar&#305; &#351;ehirlerin s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305;n&#305; a&#351;arak daha geni&#351; co&#287;rafyalara yay&#305;ld&#305; ve b&#246;lgeler aras&#305; hatta uluslararas&#305; ticaret a&#287;lar&#305;na d&#226;hil oldular. Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n debba&#287;lar&#305; da bu &#252;reticiler aras&#305;ndayd&#305;. Kimi zaman sefer d&#246;nemlerinde Osmanl&#305; ordusunun deri ihtiyac&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;lad&#305;lar, kimi zaman ise yerel se&#231;kinler ve onlar&#305;n etraf&#305;ndaki toplumsal &#231;evreler i&#231;in &#252;retim yapt&#305;lar. On dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;la gelindi&#287;inde ise Fransa ve &#304;spanya&#8217;da b&#252;y&#252;yen deri sanayilerine hammadde sa&#287;layan &#252;reticiler aras&#305;nda yer al&#305;yorlard&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg" width="480" height="270" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3AS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e40f70f-8e08-4ac5-9622-0a4928b5654b_480x270.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">18. y&#252;zy&#305;lda Paris&#8217;te hen&#252;z end&#252;strile&#351;memi&#351; deri &#252;retimini g&#246;steren grav&#252;r</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ancak benim odakland&#305;&#287;&#305;m konu deri i&#351;&#231;ilerinin sosyoekonomik tarihi de&#287;il. Benim ilgimi &#231;eken mesele, tabakhanelerin kent i&#231;indeki mek&#226;nsal d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252; ve onlar&#305;n &#231;ok daha geni&#351; bir hik&#226;ye i&#231;erisindeki yeri: &#351;ehirlerin kokudan ar&#305;nd&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305;n tarihi.</p><p>Bug&#252;n elimizde bulunan en erken Bursa &#351;er&#8216;iyye sicilleri, bizi XV. y&#252;zy&#305;lda Sultan Mehmed d&#246;nemine kadar g&#246;t&#252;r&#252;yor. Bu kay&#305;tlardan anla&#351;&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; kadar&#305;yla, kentin tabakhaneleri Tahtakale semtinde yo&#287;unla&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Kelime anlam&#305;yla &#8220;kalenin alt&#305;&#8221; anlam&#305;na gelen bu b&#246;lge, o d&#246;nemde &#351;ehrin d&#305;&#351; kesimlerinde yer al&#305;yordu.</p><p>Osmanl&#305; tarihi m&#252;elliflerinden Ne&#351;r&#238;, Tev&#226;r&#238;h-i &#194;l-i Osman adl&#305; eserinde, Orhan Gazi d&#246;neminde G&#246;kdere&#8217;nin bug&#252;nk&#252; Setba&#351;&#305; mevkiinden g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir &#351;ekilde akarak Tahtakale&#8217;ye ula&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; anlat&#305;r. Debba&#287;lar da bu su kayna&#287;&#305;ndan yo&#287;un bi&#231;imde yararlan&#305;yordu. G&#246;kdere&#8217;nin c&#305;l&#305;z kollar&#305; burada akmaya devam etti. Daha sonra dericiler  Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n en b&#252;y&#252;k su altyap&#305; sistemi olan P&#305;narba&#351;&#305; kaynaklar&#305; taraf&#305;ndan besleniyordu. &#199;ak&#305;rhamam&#305; da bu sudan istifade eden i&#351;letmelerden birisiydi.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f825091c-a033-4f75-904f-67279a181387_1280x1010.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e7c9f72-918d-416b-a3c1-d9bd3523fc81_1175x1338.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3fdf7252-a684-4d62-9dc9-4d0f57d3cfff_1016x934.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;De&#287;irmen&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/866f0dc8-92b8-4847-8906-b16f350399b1_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Su, &#252;retimin her a&#351;amas&#305;nda vazge&#231;ilmezdi. Derilerin y&#305;kanmas&#305;nda kullan&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; gibi tabaklama s&#252;recinde ihtiya&#231; duyulan organik bile&#351;iklerin haz&#305;rlanmas&#305;nda da temel bir rol oynuyordu. Bunun yan&#305;nda, tabakhanelerin hemen yukar&#305;s&#305;nda, Veled-i Vezir Camii yak&#305;n&#305;nda bulunan palamut de&#287;irmeni de su g&#252;c&#252;yle &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yordu. Me&#351;e palamudu deri &#252;retiminin &#246;nemli hammaddelerinden biriydi. Bu nedenle de&#287;irmen, tabaklama ve boyaman&#305;n ayr&#305;lmaz par&#231;alar&#305;ndan biri durumundayd&#305;.</p><p>Koyun ve ke&#231;ilerin b&#252;y&#252;k b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252;n kesildi&#287;i mezbaha da Tahtakale&#8217;deki tabakhanelerin hemen yan&#305;nda bulunuyordu. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla buran&#305;n olduk&#231;a a&#287;&#305;r koktu&#287;unu tahmin etmek zor de&#287;il. Erken modern d&#246;nem Bursa&#8217;s&#305;n&#305;n bir koku haritas&#305;n&#305; &#231;&#305;karabilseydik, Tahtakale muhtemelen haritan&#305;n en koyu k&#305;rm&#305;z&#305; noktas&#305; olurdu.</p><p>F&#305;rat Ya&#351;a ve Nil&#252;fer Alkan G&#252;nay&#8217;&#305;n &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar&#305;, erken modern d&#246;nemde Bursa sakinlerinin ve yerel y&#246;neticilerin Tahtakale&#8217;deki koku ve kirlili&#287;i kontrol alt&#305;nda tutmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; ortaya koyuyor. Daha a&#231;&#305;k bir ifadeyle, kent kokular&#305;na y&#246;nelik hassasiyet 1890&#8217;larda modern &#351;ehir anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;yla birlikte aniden ortaya &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351; de&#287;ildi. &#304;nsanlar y&#252;zy&#305;llar boyunca bu sorunlardan &#351;ik&#226;yet etmi&#351; ve &#231;e&#351;itli &#231;&#246;z&#252;m yollar&#305; geli&#351;tirmeye &#231;al&#305;&#351;m&#305;&#351;lard&#305;. Ancak bu giri&#351;imler &#231;o&#287;unlukla vak&#305;flar arac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla ya da mahalle &#246;l&#231;e&#287;indeki kolektif &#231;abalarla y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;l&#252;yordu. Hen&#252;z merkezi ve sistematik bir program&#305;n par&#231;as&#305; de&#287;illerdi.</p><p>Tarih&#231;iler kent hijyeninin &#231;o&#287;u zaman modern d&#246;nemde birdenbire ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; varsayma e&#287;ilimindedir. Bu yakla&#351;&#305;m, sanki daha &#246;nceki d&#246;nemlerde ya&#351;ayan insanlar k&#246;t&#252; kokulara kar&#351;&#305; kay&#305;ts&#305;zm&#305;&#351; ve bunlardan hi&#231; rahats&#305;z olmam&#305;&#351; gibi bir izlenim yarat&#305;r. Oysa durum b&#246;yle de&#287;ildi. Bu t&#252;r yorumlar k&#305;smen, sosyal tarih&#231;i Norbert Elias gibi isimlerle ili&#351;kilendirilen eski bir varsay&#305;ma dayan&#305;yordu. Buna g&#246;re modern &#246;ncesi toplumlar daha i&#231;g&#252;d&#252;sel, duygular&#305;n&#305; kontrol etme konusunda daha az disiplinliydi ve bu nedenle duyular&#305; da modern insanlardan farkl&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yordu. Son y&#305;llarda koku tarihi alan&#305;nda yap&#305;lan &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar bu g&#246;r&#252;&#351;&#252; &#246;nemli &#246;l&#231;&#252;de sorgulam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p>Mark Jenner&#8217;&#305;n da vurgulad&#305;&#287;&#305; gibi, ge&#231;mi&#351;te ya&#351;am&#305;&#351; insanlar&#305;n koku alma duyusunun g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;z insanlar&#305;ndan daha g&#252;&#231;l&#252; ya da daha zay&#305;f oldu&#287;unu varsay&#305;rken dikkatli olmak gerekir. Kokulara y&#246;nelik tutumlar, farkl&#305; duyusal yeteneklerden &#231;ok k&#252;lt&#252;rel, t&#305;bbi ve entelekt&#252;el &#231;er&#231;evelerde meydana gelen de&#287;i&#351;imlerle &#351;ekilleniyordu. &#304;nsanlar&#305;n kokular&#305; nas&#305;l alg&#305;lad&#305;klar&#305; kadar, onlara hangi anlamlar&#305; y&#252;kledikleri ve hangi kokular&#305; sorun olarak tan&#305;mlad&#305;klar&#305; da zaman i&#231;inde de&#287;i&#351;iyordu.</p><p>Modern bakteriyolojinin ortaya &#231;&#305;k&#305;&#351;&#305;ndan &#231;ok &#246;nce, k&#246;t&#252; kokular yayg&#305;n bi&#231;imde tehlikenin, bozulman&#305;n ve hastal&#305;&#287;&#305;n i&#351;areti olarak g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;yordu. Bu nedenle rahats&#305;z edici kokulara y&#246;nelik &#351;ik&#226;yetler ve bunlar&#305; kontrol alt&#305;na almaya y&#246;nelik giri&#351;imler, modern halk sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;&#305; politikalar&#305;n&#305;n do&#287;u&#351;undan y&#252;zy&#305;llar &#246;nce de kent ya&#351;am&#305;n&#305;n bir par&#231;as&#305;yd&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png" width="1456" height="1136" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7kDa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64025ae9-60d3-430e-b9dc-38a629060e53_1536x1198.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Pirin&#231; Han&#8217;da deri kurutma i&#351;lemi</figcaption></figure></div><p>Bunlar&#305; &#246;zellikle vurguluyorum &#231;&#252;nk&#252; sizi, 1934 y&#305;l&#305;nda vilayet y&#246;netiminin nihayet tabakhanelerin ta&#351;&#305;nmas&#305;na y&#246;nelik karar&#305; ald&#305;&#287;&#305; s&#252;rece g&#246;t&#252;rmek istiyorum. Bu karar bir anda ortaya &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351; de&#287;ildi; arkas&#305;nda y&#252;zy&#305;llara yay&#305;lan &#351;ik&#226;yetlerin, m&#252;dahalelerin ve kentsel d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m aray&#305;&#351;lar&#305;n&#305;n birikimi vard&#305;.</p><p>D&#252;nyan&#305;n bir&#231;ok yerinde tabakhanelerin &#351;ehir surlar&#305;n&#305;n d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda kurulmas&#305;n&#305;n temel nedenlerinden biri de buydu. Patrick S&#252;skind&#8217;in roman&#305;ndan uyarlanan <em>Koku: Bir Katilin Hik&#226;yesi</em> filmini izleyenler hat&#305;rlayacakt&#305;r; hik&#226;yede g&#246;r&#252;len Paris tabakhanesi, kent merkezinden olduk&#231;a uzakta, Seine Nehri k&#305;y&#305;s&#305;nda yer al&#305;yordu. Benzer bir durum Musul i&#231;in de ge&#231;erliydi. Sorun &#351;u ki &#351;ehirler b&#252;y&#252;yordu. Bir zamanlar kentin d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda kalan &#252;retim alanlar&#305;, zamanla geni&#351;leyen yerle&#351;im dokusunun i&#231;inde kal&#305;yordu.</p><p>Bursa da bu s&#252;reci ya&#351;ayan &#351;ehirlerden biriydi. XVII. y&#252;zy&#305;la gelindi&#287;inde Tahtakale art&#305;k kentin &#231;eperinde bulunan bir b&#246;lge olmaktan &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;t&#305;. &#350;ehrin ana yerle&#351;im ve Ulucami yak&#305;n&#305;nda olmas&#305; hasabiyle ticaret aks&#305;n&#305;n bir par&#231;as&#305; h&#226;line gelmi&#351;, b&#246;ylece eski tabakhane b&#246;lgesi kentin merkezinde kalan bir yan mahalleye d&#246;n&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><p>&#350;imdi bizi as&#305;l ilgilendiren d&#246;neme biraz daha yakla&#351;al&#305;m. 1890&#8217;larda Bursa&#8217;y&#305; bisikletle gezen Ahmed Tevfik adl&#305; bir seyyah&#305;n g&#246;zlemleri, hem b&#246;lgenin kokular&#305; hem de deri &#252;retiminde kullan&#305;lan mekanik sistemler hakk&#305;nda olduk&#231;a de&#287;erli bilgiler sunar.</p><p>Tevfik&#8217;in dikkatini ilk &#231;eken &#351;ey, P&#305;narba&#351;&#305; sular&#305;yla &#231;al&#305;&#351;an bir ke&#231;e imalathanesinden y&#252;kselen g&#252;r&#252;lt&#252; olmu&#351;tu. Bu sesin kayna&#287;&#305;n&#305; merak ederek at&#246;lyeye girdi ve burada makineleri harekete ge&#231;iren b&#252;y&#252;k su &#231;ark&#305;n&#305; ayr&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305;yla tasvir etti. &#304;&#231;eriye ad&#305;m att&#305;&#287;&#305;nda fark etti&#287;i bir di&#287;er unsur ise binay&#305; kaplayan a&#287;&#305;r kokuydu. Koku son derece rahats&#305;z edici olmas&#305;na ra&#287;men, &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar g&#252;ndelik i&#351;lerinin bir par&#231;as&#305; olarak bu ortamda &#252;retim yapmay&#305; s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;yorlard&#305;.</p><p>Ahmed Tevfik&#8217;in aktard&#305;&#287;&#305;na g&#246;re ayn&#305; su, at&#246;lyelerden &#231;&#305;kt&#305;ktan sonra bug&#252;nk&#252; ana caddenin bulundu&#287;u g&#252;zerg&#226;h boyunca a&#351;a&#287;&#305;ya do&#287;ru ak&#305;yor ve &#351;ehrin d&#305;&#351;&#305;ndaki ovaya ula&#351;&#305;yordu. Koku da suyla birlikte ta&#351;&#305;n&#305;yordu. Daha sonra &#231;ift&#231;iler bu suyu tar&#305;msal faaliyetlerde kullan&#305;yor, b&#246;ylece kentteki &#252;retim s&#252;re&#231;lerinin at&#305;klar&#305; tabakhanelerin bulundu&#287;u b&#246;lgenin &#231;ok &#246;tesine kadar yay&#305;l&#305;yordu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ttWh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61fa927b-aec9-4c37-b33d-0c0f66fd3710_1092x626.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ttWh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61fa927b-aec9-4c37-b33d-0c0f66fd3710_1092x626.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ttWh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61fa927b-aec9-4c37-b33d-0c0f66fd3710_1092x626.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ttWh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61fa927b-aec9-4c37-b33d-0c0f66fd3710_1092x626.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ttWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61fa927b-aec9-4c37-b33d-0c0f66fd3710_1092x626.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ttWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61fa927b-aec9-4c37-b33d-0c0f66fd3710_1092x626.png" width="502" height="287.7765567765568" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Dericiler kooperatif olarak ald&#305;klar&#305; modern bir makinenin ba&#351;&#305;nda, 1940&#8217;l&#305; y&#305;llar</figcaption></figure></div><p>Madem Ahmed Tevfik&#8217;in pe&#351;inden bir deri at&#246;lyesine girdik, bu noktada tabaklama faaliyetlerinde kullan&#305;lan teknik ekipmanlardan da k&#305;saca s&#246;z etmek yerinde olacakt&#305;r. &#199;ok yak&#305;n zamanda Tahtakale&#8217;de y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;len kaz&#305;larda bir evin temellerinin alt&#305;nda dikkat &#231;ekici bir buluntu ortaya &#231;&#305;kar&#305;ld&#305;: kayaya oyulmu&#351;, seramik esasl&#305; bir kil tabakas&#305;yla kaplanm&#305;&#351; iki tabaklama havuzu. Ara&#351;t&#305;rmalar h&#226;len devam ediyor olsa da bu ke&#351;if, Bursa&#8217;daki deri &#252;retiminin fiziksel altyap&#305;s&#305;na dair nadir ve son derece de&#287;erli bir pencere a&#231;maktad&#305;r.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f3876524-377c-4494-9496-2dc3e1f0adc1_1246x1600.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4ef4d82c-858e-4eeb-b435-aee557c8b856_1200x1600.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Yeni ke&#351;fedilen havuzlar&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d1bf74f7-5714-4ed5-9005-ba46cb891304_1456x720.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Bu havuzlar&#305;n asl&#305;nda tabaklama s&#252;recinin farkl&#305; a&#351;amalar&#305;na hizmet eden daha uzun bir &#252;retim hatt&#305;n&#305;n par&#231;alar&#305; olmas&#305; m&#252;mk&#252;nd&#252;r. Deriler, modern &#246;ncesi tabak&#231;&#305;l&#305;kta yayg&#305;n olarak kullan&#305;lan d&#305;&#351;k&#305;da bekletme, palamut veya kire&#231; &#246;zl&#252; &#231;&#246;zeltilerde bekletme gibi i&#351;lemler i&#231;in bir &#231;ukurdan di&#287;erine aktar&#305;lm&#305;&#351; olabilir. Fas&#8217;ta halen geleneksel y&#246;ntemlerle dericilik yap&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;ndan oradaki tabakhanelere ait g&#246;rseller bize ip ucu veriyor:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg" width="492" height="328" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/aa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:408,&quot;width&quot;:612,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:492,&quot;bytes&quot;:70006,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/i/201311131?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BbLO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7ef599-8b75-4d47-a3c7-71917c3759a4_612x408.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>1930 y&#305;l&#305;nda T&#252;rkiye Cumhuriyeti, erken Cumhuriyet d&#246;neminin en kapsaml&#305; toplumsal d&#252;zenlemelerinden biri olan Umumi H&#305;fz&#305;ss&#305;hha Kanunu&#8217;nu y&#252;r&#252;rl&#252;&#287;e koydu. Bu kanunla beraber kent &#231;evresinin, sanayi faaliyetlerinin, su kaynaklar&#305;n&#305;n, konut ko&#351;ullar&#305;n&#305;n ve kamusal hijyenin d&#252;zenlenmesini hedefleniyordu. Kanun, milletin sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n hem insanlar&#305;n hem de ya&#351;ad&#305;klar&#305; &#231;evrenin dikkatli bir bi&#231;imde y&#246;netilmesine ba&#287;l&#305; oldu&#287;u y&#246;n&#252;ndeki giderek g&#252;&#231;lenen pozitivist  anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;n bir yans&#305;mas&#305;yd&#305;. Bu &#231;er&#231;evede tabakhaneler, mezbahalar ve sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;a zararl&#305; ya da kentsel ya&#351;am&#305; olumsuz etkiledi&#287;i d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;len di&#287;er i&#351;letmeler devlet m&#252;dahalesinin konusu h&#226;line gelmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg" width="378" height="490.90909090909093" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPNc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a979f-fee5-45de-b937-1ccd5e6e9b89_1232x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>1934 y&#305;l&#305;nda Bursa Valisi Faz&#305;l G&#252;le&#231;, Umumi H&#305;fz&#305;ss&#305;hha Kanunu h&#252;k&#252;mleri uyar&#305;nca kentteki tabakhanelerin So&#287;anl&#305; yolu ile demiryolu hatt&#305; aras&#305;nda belirlenen yeni bir alana ta&#351;&#305;naca&#287;&#305;n&#305; Debba&#287;lar Cemiyeti&#8217;ne bildirdi. Bu belgeyi &#246;zellikle &#246;nemli k&#305;lan husus, ta&#351;&#305;nma s&#252;recinin ard&#305;ndaki pratik kayg&#305;lar&#305; ayr&#305;nt&#305;l&#305; bi&#231;imde ortaya koymas&#305;d&#305;r.</p><p>Belgede, So&#287;anl&#305; k&#246;yl&#252;lerinin sebze bah&#231;elerini sulamak i&#231;in kulland&#305;klar&#305; su kaynaklar&#305;na &#246;zel bir &#246;nem veriliyordu. Yetkililer, tabakhane at&#305;klar&#305;n&#305;n bu sular&#305; kirletmemesi gerekti&#287;ini ve k&#246;yl&#252;lerin suya eri&#351;iminin kesintisiz bi&#231;imde s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lmesinin zorunlu oldu&#287;unu vurguluyordu. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla bu ta&#351;&#305;nma karar&#305;, yaln&#305;zca tabakhanelerin kendisiyle ilgili bir mesele de&#287;ildi. Karar, kentsel ve end&#252;striyel mek&#226;n&#305; yeni hijyen anlay&#305;&#351;lar&#305; do&#287;rultusunda yeniden d&#252;zenlemeyi ama&#231;layan daha geni&#351; &#246;l&#231;ekli bir d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n par&#231;as&#305;yd&#305;. Bu kararla birlikte Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n deri i&#351;&#231;ileri, yakla&#351;&#305;k alt&#305; y&#252;zy&#305;l boyunca zanaatlar&#305;n&#305; icra ettikleri b&#246;lgeden ayr&#305;larak tamamen yeni bir &#252;retim alan&#305;na ta&#351;&#305;nd&#305;lar.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fff!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40fb7241-d137-4267-a36c-24a45f1f5aaa_1981x1485.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fff!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40fb7241-d137-4267-a36c-24a45f1f5aaa_1981x1485.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fff!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40fb7241-d137-4267-a36c-24a45f1f5aaa_1981x1485.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fff!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40fb7241-d137-4267-a36c-24a45f1f5aaa_1981x1485.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fff!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40fb7241-d137-4267-a36c-24a45f1f5aaa_1981x1485.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fff!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40fb7241-d137-4267-a36c-24a45f1f5aaa_1981x1485.jpeg" width="586" height="439.0975274725275" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu alan&#305;n tercih edilmesi tesad&#252;fi de&#287;ildi. 1930&#8217;larda b&#246;lge h&#226;l&#226; kentin &#231;eperinde yer al&#305;yordu. Anadolu&#8217;nun ilk b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;ekli ve teknolojik a&#231;&#305;dan en geli&#351;mi&#351; hayvan i&#351;leme tesislerinden biri olarak kabul edilen, 1905 y&#305;l&#305;nda in&#351;a edilmi&#351; belediye mezbahas&#305; yaln&#305;zca iki y&#252;z metre kadar uzakl&#305;ktayd&#305;. Yeni tabakhane b&#246;lgesinin hemen &#246;n&#252;ndeki a&#231;&#305;k alanda d&#252;zenli olarak hayvan pazarlar&#305; kuruluyordu. B&#246;lgenin bir ba&#351;ka avantaj&#305; ise su kaynaklar&#305;yd&#305;. Da&#287;&#305;n eteklerindeki kapl&#305;calardan &#231;&#305;kan kullan&#305;lm&#305;&#351; termal sular y&#246;nlendirilerek tabak&#231;&#305;lar taraf&#305;ndan &#252;retim s&#252;re&#231;lerinde yeniden kullan&#305;labiliyordu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png" width="642" height="361.8545454545455" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:682,&quot;width&quot;:1210,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:642,&quot;bytes&quot;:787090,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/i/201311131?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HPm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3cac89-fb3c-4249-ba1a-8a6293b286c5_1210x682.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bununla birlikte zanaatk&#226;rlar &#246;nemli bir sorunla kar&#351;&#305; kar&#351;&#305;yayd&#305;. Erken Cumhuriyet d&#246;neminin korumac&#305; ekonomi politikalar&#305; nedeniyle ithal kimyasallara eri&#351;im olduk&#231;a g&#252;&#231;t&#252;. Bu nedenle bir&#231;ok tabak&#231;&#305; geleneksel organik tabaklama malzemelerini kullanmay&#305; s&#252;rd&#252;rd&#252;. Me&#351;e palamudu h&#226;l&#226; temel hammaddelerden biriydi ve kullan&#305;lmadan &#246;nce &#246;&#287;&#252;t&#252;lmesi gerekiyordu. Yeni yerle&#351;im alan&#305;nda su g&#252;c&#252;yle &#231;al&#305;&#351;an de&#287;irmenler bulunmad&#305;&#287;&#305;ndan, tabak&#231;&#305;lar de&#287;irmen ta&#351;lar&#305;n&#305; kat&#305;r ve e&#351;eklerin yard&#305;m&#305;yla d&#246;nd&#252;rmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Dikkat &#231;ekici olan, bu uygulaman&#305;n 1990&#8217;lara kadar varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#252;rd&#252;rmesidir. Ben de bu sistemi bizzat g&#246;zlemleme f&#305;rsat&#305; buldum. G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde b&#246;lgede faaliyet g&#246;steren hi&#231;bir tabakhane kalmam&#305;&#351; olsa da, bu i&#351; i&#231;in kullan&#305;lan &#246;zg&#252;n de&#287;irmeni foto&#287;raflayabildim.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!639R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69f38550-f214-4005-9f60-0e0084aab782_960x1280.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!639R!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69f38550-f214-4005-9f60-0e0084aab782_960x1280.jpeg 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kat&#305;r ve e&#351;ek g&#252;c&#252;n&#252;n kullan&#305;lmas&#305;, deri &#252;retiminin insan eme&#287;inin &#246;tesine uzanan emek bi&#231;imlerini de harekete ge&#231;irdi&#287;ini g&#246;sterir. Eti i&#231;in kesilmi&#351; bir hayvan&#305;n derisi, ba&#351;ka bir hayvan&#305;n eme&#287;i sayesinde end&#252;striyel bir &#252;r&#252;ne d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;yordu. Deri &#252;retimi, insan, hayvan ve &#231;evresel kaynaklar&#305;n birbirine ba&#287;land&#305;&#287;&#305; &#8216;organik&#8217; bir i&#351;leyi&#351;e dayan&#305;yordu. Bu a&#231;&#305;dan bak&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;nda tabakhane s&#305;radan bir at&#246;lyeden &#231;ok daha fazlas&#305;yd&#305;; farkl&#305; emek ve kaynak bi&#231;imlerinin kesi&#351;ti&#287;i bir &#252;retim ekosistemiydi.</p><p>Eski deri i&#351;&#231;ileriyle yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;m g&#246;r&#252;&#351;meler, tabaklama kokusunun g&#252;ndelik ya&#351;am&#305; ne kadar derinden etkiledi&#287;ini de ortaya koymaktad&#305;r. Baz&#305;lar&#305; i&#351; &#231;&#305;k&#305;&#351;&#305;nda elbiselerine sinen koku nedeniyle minib&#252;s &#351;of&#246;rlerinin kendilerini araca almak istemedi&#287;ini anlat&#305;yordu. Kimileri ise eve girmeden &#246;nce han&#305;m&#305;n&#305;n zoruyla d&#305;&#351;ar&#305;da y&#305;kanmak zorunda kald&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; hat&#305;rl&#305;yordu. Ama tabakhane sahipleri Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n her devirde en &#231;ok kazanan servet sahipleri aras&#305;ndayd&#305; Bu nedenle belki de koku tahamm&#252;l edilebilir hale geliyordu! Mesela, Suraiya Faroqhi&#8217;nin &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar&#305;yla g&#246;rd&#252;k ki 18. y&#252;zy&#305;l sonunda Bursal&#305; Debba&#287; Hac&#305; &#304;brahim &#246;yle bir servet edinmi&#351;ti ki &#231;iftlikler edinebilmi&#351;, bu nedenle lonca taraf&#305;ndan neredeyse d&#305;&#351;lanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. </p><p>Nitekim 1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda da Bursa&#8217;da birka&#231; giri&#351;imci deri fabrikat&#246;r&#252; ortaya &#231;&#305;kacakt&#305;, Murad(t) Atiker gibi&#8230;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gN8K!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F931b6980-ddf9-4072-8a54-f6ae8300ca81_1666x944.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Atiker, eski bir kozakl&#305;&#287;&#305; d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rerek nispeten modern bir deri fabrikas&#305; kurmu&#351;tu. Musa Ata&#351;&#8217;&#305;n 31. 12. 1935, Hakk&#305;n Sesi&#8217;ndeki haberinde "Alt&#305;n Deri Fabrikas&#305;"n&#305;n yarataca&#287;&#305; kokudan endi&#351;elerini ifade ediyordu. Fabrikan&#305;n hemen yan&#305;nda bir ipek fabrikas&#305; bulundu&#287;undan gazeteci Ata&#351;, bu kokular&#305;n orada &#231;al&#305;&#351;an i&#351;&#231;ilerin sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;&#305; &#252;zerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratabilece&#287;ini d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yordu. &#304;lgin&#231; olan &#351;u ki gazeteci, kom&#351;u ipek fabrikas&#305;nda &#231;al&#305;&#351;an i&#351;&#231;ilerin kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;abilece&#287;i riskleri dikkatle hesaplamas&#305;na ra&#287;men, ayn&#305; kokulara her g&#252;n ve &#231;ok daha yo&#287;un bi&#231;imde maruz kalan deri i&#351;&#231;ileri konusunda pek kayg&#305; duymuyordu!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eLem!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc31b6e57-028b-4547-bdf8-473b3ac25c19_1832x567.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eLem!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc31b6e57-028b-4547-bdf8-473b3ac25c19_1832x567.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eLem!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc31b6e57-028b-4547-bdf8-473b3ac25c19_1832x567.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eLem!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc31b6e57-028b-4547-bdf8-473b3ac25c19_1832x567.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eLem!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc31b6e57-028b-4547-bdf8-473b3ac25c19_1832x567.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uy9j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96c377e4-2cfd-402c-af7e-0470887f818c_1210x682.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uy9j!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96c377e4-2cfd-402c-af7e-0470887f818c_1210x682.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uy9j!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96c377e4-2cfd-402c-af7e-0470887f818c_1210x682.png 848w, 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Belediye ve valilik bu kez sanayiyi yeniden ta&#351;&#305;maya karar verdi. B&#246;ylece deri &#252;retimi kent merkezinden yakla&#351;&#305;k k&#305;rk kilometre uzakl&#305;ktaki Bad&#305;rga'ya nakledildi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANZp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b8bc31c-9a0c-4f1a-97ee-e54a77c38562_1024x576.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ANZp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b8bc31c-9a0c-4f1a-97ee-e54a77c38562_1024x576.jpeg 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Yeni Deri Organize Sanayi B&#246;lgesi, yeni belediye mezbahas&#305;n&#305;n hemen yan&#305;nda kuruldu. B&#246;ylece hayvan kesimi ile deri &#252;retimi aras&#305;ndaki y&#252;zy&#305;llard&#305;r s&#252;regelen ili&#351;ki korunmu&#351; oldu. G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde ayn&#305; sanayi kompleksinde evcil hayvan mamas&#305;, jelatin, deri mam&#252;lat&#305; g&#252;ndelik e&#351;yalar (eldiven hatta araba boyama s&#252;ngeri vs.) &#252;retimi de ger&#231;ekle&#351;tirilmektedir.</p><p>Umar&#305;m Bursa bir g&#252;n Bal&#305;kesir s&#305;n&#305;r&#305;na yak&#305;n bu b&#246;lgeye kadar geni&#351;lemez. Aksi takdirde gelecekteki ku&#351;aklar da kentin tabakhaneleri i&#231;in yeni bir yer aramak zorunda kalacak, belki de bu Bat&#305;&#8217;ya do&#287;ru dericileri kovalamaca Ayval&#305;k, oradan da Midilli adas&#305;na kadar devam edecektir!</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2a26307c-70b3-4d70-9a23-93aea3ce5ad0_2100x1400.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2f08aae9-fdd4-4ae8-b792-91707ddb9a81_529x378.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/539ad128-0246-4452-ad42-a6098c952297_2000x1158.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6df693c4-f98f-45dc-a6ef-d3ae095da1d0_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Tabakhanelerin ta&#351;&#305;nmas&#305;n&#305;n ard&#305;ndan b&#246;lge zamanla su&#231; oranlar&#305;n&#305;n y&#252;ksek oldu&#287;u ve toplumsal a&#231;&#305;dan d&#305;&#351;lanm&#305;&#351; bir alana d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;. 2017 y&#305;l&#305;nda belediye burada Avrupa'n&#305;n en b&#252;y&#252;k termal turizm komplekslerinden birini kurmay&#305; &#246;nerdi, ancak proje hayata ge&#231;irilemedi. Alan&#305; sosyal konut projeleriyle d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rmeye y&#246;nelik giri&#351;imler de &#231;e&#351;itli g&#252;&#231;l&#252;klerle kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305; ve s&#252;re&#231; sonunda TOK&#304;'ye devredildi. G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde b&#246;lge h&#226;l&#226; kentsel yoksunlukla &#246;zde&#351;le&#351;tirilse de y&#252;kselen yeni konut bloklar&#305; manzaray&#305; giderek de&#287;i&#351;tirmektedir. Bir zamanlar&#305;n deri &#252;retim b&#246;lgesi, yava&#351; yava&#351; bir sosyal konut mahallesine d&#246;n&#252;&#351;mektedir.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Bu yaz&#305;, Agah Enes Yasa taraf&#305;ndan 19 Haziran 2026 tarihinde Kadir Has &#220;niversitesi'nde d&#252;zenlenen &#8220;Street and Field: Hygiene, Disease, and Death Across Spaces and Ages&#8221; ba&#351;l&#305;kl&#305; sempozyumda sunulan &#8220;Urban Deodorization and the Displacement of Tanneries: Odor, Labor, and Space in Bursa&#8221; adl&#305; &#304;ngilizce bildirinin T&#252;rk&#231;ele&#351;tirilmi&#351; ve g&#246;zden ge&#231;irilmi&#351; h&#226;lidir.</p><p>Kaynak&#231;a:</p><ol><li><p>Suraiya Faroqhi,  &#8220;18. Y&#252;zy&#305;l Bursa&#8217;s&#305;nda Zengin Olmak: Debba&#287; Hac&#305; &#304;brahim&#8217;in Serveti&#8221;, Osmanl&#305; D&#252;nyas&#305;nda &#220;retmek, Pazarlamak, Ya&#351;amak, (&#231;ev. G&#252;l &#199;a&#287;al&#305; G&#252;ven, &#214;zg&#252;r T&#252;resay), &#304;stanbul, 2003, s. 199-216.</p></li><li><p>Nil&#252;fer Alkan G&#252;nay ve F&#305;rat Ya&#351;a  &#8220;From Zibil to Mezbele: Social Order, Garbage and Officials in Early Modern Ottoman Bursa.&#8221; <em>Environment and History</em> 0 (2025): 1-21. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3828/whpeh.63861480327354">https://doi.org/10.3828/whpeh.63861480327354</a>.</p></li><li><p>Mark S. R. Jenner, Follow Your Nose? Smell, Smelling, and Their Histories, <em>The American Historical Review</em>, Volume 116, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 335&#8211;351, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.2.335">https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.2.335</a></p></li><li><p>Raif Kaplano&#287;lu ve Yusuf O&#287;uzo&#287;lu, <em>Bursa'da Teknoloji Tarihi</em> (Bursa: Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas&#305; Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, 2010).</p></li><li><p>&#8220;Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n Tarihi G&#252;n Y&#252;z&#252;ne &#199;&#305;k&#305;yor: Kaz&#305;larda Debba&#287;hane Kal&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305; Ortaya &#199;&#305;kt&#305;.&#8221; <em>Bursa Muhalif</em>, 30 May&#305;s 2025. <a href="https://www.bursamuhalif.com/bursadan-haberler/bursa-nin-tarihi-gun-yuzune-cikiyor-kazilarda-debbaghane-kalintilari-ortaya-cikti-170942?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Bursa Muhalif haberi</a>.</p></li></ol></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[1890’larda Gemlik ve Bursa’da Yahudi-Rum Çatışmaları]]></title><description><![CDATA[Limanla&#351;an Bir Kasaba, Yeni Gelen Bir Cemaat]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/1890larda-gemlik-ve-bursada-yahudi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/1890larda-gemlik-ve-bursada-yahudi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 10:02:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg" width="1456" height="930" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:930,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:422749,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/191758080?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Prn1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6dd8d5e-0c16-4968-93ae-3588802855bd_1500x958.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda Gemlik Liman&#305; ve Yal&#305;lar</figcaption></figure></div><p><strong>Limanla&#351;an Bir Kasaba, Yeni Gelen Bir Cemaat</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">On dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n son &#231;eyre&#287;inde Gemlik, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n denize a&#231;&#305;lan kap&#305;s&#305; h&#226;line gelmi&#351;ti. Buharl&#305; gemi ta&#351;&#305;mac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n yayg&#305;nla&#351;mas&#305;, ipek ve zeytinya&#287;&#305; ticaretinin d&#305;&#351; pazarlara entegrasyonu ve Bursa ipek&#231;ili&#287;inin Avrupa sermayesiyle kurdu&#287;u ba&#287;lar, bu k&#252;&#231;&#252;k sahil kasabas&#305;n&#305; ekonomik a&#231;&#305;dan canl&#305; bir merkeze d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rd&#252;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ancak bu canl&#305;l&#305;k, toplumsal dokunun dengeli oldu&#287;u anlam&#305;na gelmiyordu. N&#252;fusun b&#252;y&#252;k k&#305;sm&#305;n&#305; Rumlar olu&#351;turuyor, M&#252;sl&#252;manlar ve az say&#305;daki Ermeni ile birlikte kasaban&#305;n yerle&#351;ik unsurlar&#305;n&#305; te&#351;kil ediyordu. Buna kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k Gemlik&#8217;te y&#252;zlerce y&#305;ld&#305;r s&#252;regelen k&#246;kl&#252; bir Yahudi yerle&#351;imi yoktu. Kasabada bir sinagog bulunmamas&#305; bu durumun a&#231;&#305;k g&#246;stergesidir.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Yahudi n&#252;fus, &#246;zellikle 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n sonlar&#305;nda, ba&#351;ta &#304;stanbul olmak &#252;zere Fransa ve di&#287;er Avrupa kentleriyle kurulan ticari a&#287;lar &#252;zerinden Gemlik&#8217;e gelmi&#351;ti. Bu g&#246;&#231;, yerle&#351;ik bir cemaatin organik b&#252;y&#252;mesinden &#231;ok, ticari f&#305;rsatlar&#305;n do&#287;urdu&#287;u hareketlilikle a&#231;&#305;klanabilir. Liman ekonomisi geni&#351;ledik&#231;e arac&#305;lar, k&#252;&#231;&#252;k t&#252;ccarlar, de&#287;irmenciler ve zanaatk&#226;rlar kasabaya y&#246;nelmi&#351;ti.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ekonomik alan&#305;n payla&#351;&#305;m&#305; ise hassast&#305;. Zeytinya&#287;&#305; &#252;retimi, gemi ta&#351;&#305;mac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; ve ipekb&#246;ce&#287;i yeti&#351;tiricili&#287;i b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de Rumlar&#305;n ve belirli &#246;l&#231;&#252;de M&#252;sl&#252;manlar&#305;n elindeydi. Yeni gelen Yahudiler bu dengelerin i&#231;ine eklemlenmeye &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yorlard&#305;. Tam da bu k&#305;r&#305;lgan zeminde, 1890 ile 1900 aras&#305;nda antisemitik nitelikte &#252;&#231; &#246;nemli olay ya&#351;and&#305;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Alyans &#304;srail Evrensel Cemiyeti&#8217;nin kay&#305;tlar&#305; ve y&#305;ll&#305;k b&#252;ltenleri, bu hadiseleri ayr&#305;nt&#305;l&#305; bi&#231;imde aktarmaktad&#305;r. Olaylarda dikkat &#231;eken husus, klasik Avrupa antisemitizminin motiflerinin, &#246;zellikle &#8220;kan iftiras&#305;&#8221; s&#246;yleminin yerel gerilimlerle birle&#351;mesidir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg" width="355" height="403.16582914572865" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:678,&quot;width&quot;:597,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:355,&quot;bytes&quot;:95822,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/191758080?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RjsW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a466888-a582-4204-9e62-045917dd9e95_597x678.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1891: Samuel Valal Vakas&#305;</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">1891&#8217;deki hadise, k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir k&#305;v&#305;lc&#305;m&#305;n nas&#305;l toplumsal pani&#287;e d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; g&#246;stermesi bak&#305;m&#305;ndan &#231;arp&#305;c&#305;d&#305;r.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Samuel Valal adl&#305; bir Yahudi, Gemlik&#8217;te k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir de&#287;irmen i&#351;letmek &#252;zere kasabaya yerle&#351;mi&#351;ti. Bir Rum kad&#305;n&#305;n evinde oda kiralam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Paskalya &#246;ncesinde kasabadan k&#305;sa s&#252;reli&#287;ine ayr&#305;l&#305;rken, baz&#305; e&#351;yalar&#305;n&#305; saklamas&#305; i&#231;in ev sahibine anahtar&#305; teslim etti. Kad&#305;n, odada bir g&#252;m&#252;&#351; ha&#231; buldu&#287;unu iddia ederek meseleyi kiliseye ta&#351;&#305;d&#305;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ha&#231;&#305;n daha &#246;nce bir Yahudi taraf&#305;ndan sat&#305;n al&#305;nd&#305;&#287;&#305; ve Bursa&#8217;daki ikinci el bir sat&#305;c&#305;dan edinildi&#287;i anla&#351;&#305;lmas&#305;na ra&#287;men, olay h&#305;zla sembolik bir krize d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Ha&#231;a zarar verildi&#287;i ya da kutsal bir nesnenin tahkir edildi&#287;i y&#246;n&#252;ndeki s&#246;ylentiler k&#305;sa s&#252;rede yay&#305;ld&#305;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Burada literat&#252;rde s&#305;k&#231;a vurgulanan bir noktay&#305; hat&#305;rlamak gerekir. Avrupa&#8217;da Orta &#199;a&#287;&#8217;dan itibaren g&#246;r&#252;len antisemitik dalgalar, &#231;o&#287;u zaman kutsal sembollere y&#246;nelik hakaret iddialar&#305; &#252;zerinden &#351;ekillenmi&#351;tir. Osmanl&#305; co&#287;rafyas&#305;nda bu t&#252;r olaylar Avrupa&#8217;daki kadar sistematik olmasa da, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n sonlar&#305;nda &#246;zellikle liman &#351;ehirlerinde ve ticari rekabetin yo&#287;un oldu&#287;u merkezlerde benzer motiflerin dola&#351;&#305;ma girdi&#287;i g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;r.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Gemlik&#8217;te de benzer bir atmosfer olu&#351;tu. Yahudilere y&#246;nelik s&#246;zl&#252; ve fiil&#238; tehditler artt&#305;. Sald&#305;r&#305; ihtimali belirince baz&#305; Yahudi aileler gece yar&#305;s&#305; evlerini terk ederek M&#252;sl&#252;man kom&#351;ular&#305;na s&#305;&#287;&#305;nd&#305;. Bu ayr&#305;nt&#305; &#246;nemlidir. Yerel M&#252;sl&#252;man halk&#305;n &#246;nemli bir k&#305;sm&#305; Yahudilere koruma sa&#287;lam&#305;&#351;, evlerini a&#231;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Samuel Valal olaylardan habersiz bi&#231;imde birka&#231; g&#252;n sonra kasabaya d&#246;nd&#252;&#287;&#252;nde g&#246;zalt&#305;na al&#305;nd&#305;. Bursa&#8217;ya sevk edilmesi g&#252;ndeme geldi. Ancak &#351;ik&#226;yet&#231;ilerin karara yana&#351;mamas&#305; &#252;zerine mesele kapand&#305;. Hukuk&#238; a&#231;&#305;dan dosya kapanm&#305;&#351; g&#246;r&#252;nse de toplumsal sonu&#231; a&#287;&#305;r oldu. Yahudilerin &#246;nemli bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252; Gemlik&#8217;i terk etti.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Rum metropolitinin, Rumlarla Yahudiler aras&#305;ndaki ticari ili&#351;kileri yasaklama karar&#305; da bu g&#246;&#231;&#252; h&#305;zland&#305;rd&#305;. Ekonomik temas&#305;n kesilmesi, fiil&#238; bir tecrit anlam&#305;na geliyordu.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1893: Charalambos Spanon&#8217;un &#214;l&#252;m&#252; ve &#350;iddetin Yay&#305;lmas&#305;</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">1893&#8217;te ya&#351;anan ikinci olay, Alyans ar&#351;iv belgelerinde de&#287;il, kurumun y&#305;ll&#305;k b&#252;ltenlerinde yer al&#305;r. Olay&#305;n ayr&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305;, Bursa Rum Ortodoks Ba&#351;piskoposu Nathanael&#8217;nin yay&#305;mlad&#305;&#287;&#305; &#246;z&#252;r metni sayesinde bilinmektedir.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Paskalya&#8217;dan birka&#231; g&#252;n &#246;nce, Gemlikli bir gen&#231; olan Charalambos Spanon, Bursa civar&#305;nda Kaz&#305;kl&#305; K&#246;y&#252; yak&#305;nlar&#305;nda &#246;l&#252; bulundu. Olay yerine g&#246;nderilen doktorun yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; inceleme ve otopsi sonucunda darp veya &#351;iddet izi bulunmad&#305;. Akli dengesi yerinde olmad&#305;&#287;&#305; belirtilen gencin a&#231;&#305;k havada donarak &#246;ld&#252;&#287;&#252; sonucuna var&#305;ld&#305;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Buna ra&#287;men baz&#305; ki&#351;iler &#246;l&#252;m&#252; Yahudilere mal ederek halk&#305; k&#305;&#351;k&#305;rtt&#305;. Bu tip durumlar, &#8220;kriz an&#305;nda su&#231;lu &#252;retme&#8221; mekanizmas&#305; olarak tarif edilebilir. Toplumsal gerilim, ekonomik rekabet ve din&#238; hassasiyetler birle&#351;ti&#287;inde, rasyonel a&#231;&#305;klamalar geri plana itilir.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Gemlik&#8217;te ba&#351;layan &#351;iddet olaylar&#305; K&#246;rfez &#231;evresindeki di&#287;er yerle&#351;imlere de s&#305;&#231;rad&#305;. Ancak bu noktada Rum metropolitinin tutumu belirleyici oldu. Yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; a&#231;&#305;klamada, &#8220;Bizim kutsal dinimizin ruhuna, &#305;rk nefreti ve k&#246;r fanatizm kadar ayk&#305;r&#305; hi&#231;bir &#351;ey yoktur&#8221; diyerek &#351;iddeti a&#231;&#305;k bi&#231;imde k&#305;nad&#305;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Bu beyan, olay&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;mesini s&#305;n&#305;rlayan bir m&#252;dahale niteli&#287;indedir. 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l Osmanl&#305; ta&#351;ras&#305;nda din adamlar&#305;n&#305;n kriz anlar&#305;nda oynad&#305;&#287;&#305; rol &#252;zerine yap&#305;lan &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar, bu t&#252;r beyanlar&#305;n yerel d&#252;zeyde tansiyonu d&#252;&#351;&#252;rmede etkili olabildi&#287;ini g&#246;sterir.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1899: Bursa Merkezde Gerilim ve Kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;kl&#305; Tahrik</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">1899 y&#305;l&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde gerilim bu kez Bursa merkezde yo&#287;unla&#351;t&#305;. Alyans &#304;srail Okulu M&#252;d&#252;r&#252; Nissim Albala&#8217;n&#305;n raporuna g&#246;re, bu olayda ilk fiil&#238; hareket Yahudi cemaatinden geldi.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Yahudi cemaat vakf&#305;na ait bir d&#252;kk&#226;nda kasapl&#305;k yapan bir Rum kirac&#305;, s&#246;zle&#351;mesi bitmesine ra&#287;men d&#252;kk&#226;n&#305; bo&#351;altmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Paskalya d&#246;neminde s&#246;zl&#252; at&#305;&#351;malar fiziksel sald&#305;r&#305;ya d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Yahudiler d&#252;kk&#226;n&#305;n kap&#305;s&#305;n&#305; zorla a&#231;arak i&#231;eri girdi.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Olay&#305;n bu boyutu, antisemitik sald&#305;r&#305;lar&#305;n tek y&#246;nl&#252; bir hik&#226;ye olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;sterir. Yerel rekabet, hukuk&#238; ihtilaf ve kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;kl&#305; tahrik, &#351;iddetin zeminini haz&#305;rlayabiliyordu. Rum cemaati, kendi i&#231;lerinde bile zaten g&#252;venmedikleri bir dinda&#351;lar&#305;n&#305;n, Yahudilerin kirac&#305;s&#305; olarak ma&#287;dur edildi&#287;i d&#252;&#351;&#252;ncesiyle &#246;rg&#252;tlendi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png" width="1456" height="725" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wlOA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36acf600-847c-4342-9bb5-01ec1f3cf938_2446x1218.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Suphi Bey Haritas&#305;&#8217;nda mahalleler</figcaption></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Vali, gerilimi azaltmak amac&#305;yla jandarmaya d&#252;kk&#226;n&#305; kapatt&#305;rd&#305;. Yahudi cemaati itiraz ederek d&#252;kk&#226;n&#305; yeniden a&#231;t&#305;rd&#305;. Ancak tansiyon d&#252;&#351;medi. Bursa kent merkezinde yan yana olan Bal&#305;kpazar&#305; (Rum Mahallesi) ve Kuru&#231;e&#351;me (Yahudi Mahallesi) aras&#305;nda adeta bir cephele&#351;me olu&#351;tu. Vali sert &#246;nlemler alma yoluna gitti.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Bu tablo, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l sonu Osmanl&#305; &#351;ehirlerinde cemaatler aras&#305; hukuki ihtilaflar&#305;n h&#305;zla kolektif kimlik meselesine d&#246;n&#252;&#351;ebildi&#287;ini g&#246;sterir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg" width="303" height="390.57496136012367" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1o14!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0f72a72-1064-46ed-a377-89fdfab4fe22_647x834.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Ayn&#305; Y&#305;l Gemlik&#8217;te Bir Kan &#304;ftiras&#305; Te&#351;ebb&#252;s&#252;</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">1899&#8217;un bir di&#287;er &#231;arp&#305;c&#305; hadisesi Gemlik&#8217;te ya&#351;and&#305;. Rum cemaatinden baz&#305; ki&#351;iler, klasik &#8220;kan iftiras&#305;&#8221; s&#246;ylemini devreye sokarak Yahudilerin Pesah Bayram&#305; i&#231;in Hristiyan &#231;ocuklar&#305;n&#305;n kan&#305;n&#305; kullanaca&#287;&#305; y&#246;n&#252;nde bir s&#246;ylenti yayd&#305;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Kan iftiras&#305;, Orta &#199;a&#287; Avrupa&#8217;s&#305;ndan itibaren Yahudilere y&#246;neltilen en a&#287;&#305;r ve en kal&#305;c&#305; su&#231;lamalardan biridir. Modern tarih yaz&#305;m&#305;, bu iddialar&#305;n hi&#231;bir rasyonel temele dayanmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; defalarca g&#246;stermi&#351;tir. Buna ra&#287;men bu motif, kriz d&#246;nemlerinde yeniden &#252;retilmi&#351;, g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde dahi bu s&#252;re&#231; devam etmektedir.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Gemlik&#8217;teki te&#351;ebb&#252;ste, ak&#305;l sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;&#305; yerinde olmad&#305;&#287;&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;len 16 ya&#351;&#305;ndaki bir &#231;ocuk kand&#305;r&#305;ld&#305;. Yahudi cemaatinin m&#252;hr&#252; ve imzas&#305; taklit edilerek haz&#305;rlanm&#305;&#351; sahte bir mektup Rum metropolitine g&#246;t&#252;r&#252;lmek istendi. Mektupta s&#246;zde kan talebi yer al&#305;yordu.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Ancak metropolit mektubun sahte oldu&#287;unu fark etti. &#199;ocu&#287;u jandarmaya teslim etti. Sorguda kumpas&#305; d&#252;zenleyen ki&#351;ilerin isimleri ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;. Azmettiriciler taraf&#305;ndan &#231;ocu&#287;a bu i&#351; i&#231;in verilen paran&#305;n dahi sahte oldu&#287;u anla&#351;&#305;ld&#305;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Metropolit, halk&#305; bilin&#231;lendirmek amac&#305;yla toplant&#305; d&#252;zenledi ve bu t&#252;r provokasyonlara itibar edilmemesi gerekti&#287;ini vurgulad&#305;. Bu m&#252;dahale, olay&#305;n geni&#351; &#231;apl&#305; bir pogroma d&#246;n&#252;&#351;mesini engelledi.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Sonu&#231; Yerine: Kriz, Rekabet ve M&#252;dahale</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">1890&#8217;larda Gemlik ve Bursa&#8217;da ya&#351;anan bu olaylar, Osmanl&#305; ta&#351;ras&#305;nda antisemitizmin ne &#351;ekilde tezah&#252;r edebildi&#287;ini g&#246;stermesi bak&#305;m&#305;ndan &#246;nemlidir.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Birincisi, ekonomik rekabet ve m&#252;lkiyet ihtilaflar&#305; din&#238; semboller &#252;zerinden siyasalla&#351;abiliyordu. &#304;kincisi, Avrupa men&#351;eli antisemitik motifler yerel ba&#287;lamda yeniden &#252;retilebiliyordu. &#220;&#231;&#252;nc&#252;s&#252;, yerel idarecilerin ve din&#238; liderlerin tutumu belirleyici oluyordu.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Dikkat &#231;ekici olan, her olayda &#351;iddeti k&#246;r&#252;kleyen akt&#246;rler kadar, yat&#305;&#351;t&#305;rmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;an akt&#246;rlerin de varl&#305;&#287;&#305;d&#305;r. Kaymakam, vali ve &#246;zellikle Rum metropolitinin m&#252;dahaleleri, gerilimin kitlesel bir k&#305;r&#305;lmaya d&#246;n&#252;&#351;mesini engellemi&#351;tir. M&#252;sl&#252;man halk&#305;n Yahudilere evlerini a&#231;mas&#305; ise g&#252;ndelik hayat&#305;n dayan&#305;&#351;ma boyutunu g&#246;sterir.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Bu hadiseler, Osmanl&#305; toplumunu yekpare bir ho&#351;g&#246;r&#252; anlat&#305;s&#305;yla a&#231;&#305;klaman&#305;n da, s&#252;rekli &#231;at&#305;&#351;ma anlat&#305;s&#305;yla okuman&#305;n da eksik kalaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; hat&#305;rlat&#305;r. Limanla&#351;an bir kasaba, hareketlenen sermaye, artan rekabet ve hassas din&#238; takvimler bir araya geldi&#287;inde k&#305;r&#305;lganl&#305;k artm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Fakat ayn&#305; zeminde, krizi durdurabilecek mekanizmalar da devreye girebilmi&#351;tir. Gemlik ve Bursa &#246;rne&#287;i, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l sonu Osmanl&#305; ta&#351;ras&#305;nda antisemitizmin hem ithal motifler hem yerel dinamikler &#252;zerinden &#351;ekillendi&#287;ini g&#246;steren k&#252;&#231;&#252;k ama &#246;&#287;retici bir laboratuvar gibidir.</p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Kaynaklar:</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Bulletin de l&#8217;Alliance Isra&#233;lite Universelle (Paris: si&#232;ge de la Soci&#233;t&#233;), deuxi&#232;me s&#233;rie, 1er et 2e semestres 1899, no 24, s. 101&#8211;102.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Archives de l&#8217;Alliance Isra&#233;lite Universelle (Paris), Turquie, I C 1&#8211;7, Bursa, dossier 100-1-57/18; Turquie, 1899, dossier 100-1-37/45.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bir Buz Meselesi: III. Selim ve Gelirin Kime Ait Olduğu Sorusu ]]></title><description><![CDATA[III.]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bir-buz-meselesi-iii-selim-ve-gelirin</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bir-buz-meselesi-iii-selim-ve-gelirin</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 12:03:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5e7fa781-10e7-4bb9-b211-2d67d67bc53c_1636x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="native-video-embed" data-component-name="VideoPlaceholder" data-attrs="{&quot;mediaUploadId&quot;:&quot;8669ae13-647a-46d2-b9b4-3f076902fe6a&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:null}"></div><p>III. Selim&#8217;in Ir&#226;d-&#305; Ced&#238;d Hazinesi genellikle b&#252;y&#252;k ba&#351;l&#305;klar &#252;zerinden anlat&#305;l&#305;r: &#226;yanlar&#305;n g&#252;c&#252;, malik&#226;ne sistemi, merkezile&#351;me &#231;abalar&#305;&#8230; Oysa bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m, g&#252;ndelik hayat&#305;n i&#231;ine yerle&#351;mi&#351;, &#8220;do&#287;al&#8221; kabul edilen imtiyazlar&#305; da derinden etkiliyordu. Bazen bu etki, beklenmedik derecede somut bir alanda ortaya &#231;&#305;k&#305;yordu: buz ticareti.</p><p>Bursal&#305; Buzcuzadeler, Uluda&#287;&#8217;dan saraya buz ta&#351;&#305;yan k&#246;kl&#252; bir aileydi. Bu i&#351;, ku&#351;aklar boyunca devam etmi&#351; ve aileye d&#252;zenli bir kazan&#231; sa&#287;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Hik&#226;yeyi, olay&#305;n ya&#351;anmas&#305;ndan d&#246;rt ku&#351;ak sonra ailenin bir ferdi olan &#304;smail Buzcular anlat&#305;r. Anlatt&#305;&#287;&#305;na g&#246;re III. Selim, saraya getirilen buzun fiyatlar&#305;n&#305; y&#252;ksek bulur ve Buzcuba&#351;&#305;&#8217;n&#305; huzuruna &#231;a&#287;&#305;r&#305;r. Ard&#305;ndan &#351;u s&#246;zlerle tepki g&#246;sterir: &#8220;Bu memlekette ta&#351;, kaya, orman, deniz ne varsa bana aittir. Siz bana ait olan &#351;eyden nas&#305;l para al&#305;rs&#305;n&#305;z?&#8221;</p><p>Bu &#231;&#305;k&#305;&#351;, Niz&#226;m-&#305; Ced&#238;d&#8217;in zihniyet d&#252;nyas&#305;n&#305; anlamak i&#231;in olduk&#231;a &#246;&#287;reticidir. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; mesele buzun fiyat&#305;n&#305;n &#246;tesine ge&#231;er ve do&#287;rudan gelirin kime ait oldu&#287;u sorusuna uzan&#305;r. Y&#252;zy&#305;llard&#305;r belirli ailelerin tasarrufunda olan ve team&#252;l gere&#287;i sorgulanmayan gelir alanlar&#305;, bu d&#246;nemde devlet taraf&#305;ndan yeniden tan&#305;mlan&#305;r. Devlet, bu alanlar&#305; do&#287;rudan kendi mali sistemi i&#231;ine dahil etme y&#246;n&#252;nde g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir irade ortaya koyar.</p><p>Buzcuzadelerle yap&#305;lan g&#246;r&#252;&#351;me bir uzla&#351;mayla sonu&#231;lan&#305;r ve aile, Sultan Re&#351;ad d&#246;nemine kadar saraya buz ta&#351;&#305;may&#305; s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;r. Osmanl&#305; hanedan&#305;n&#305;n sona ermesiyle saray al&#305;mlar&#305; ortadan kalk&#305;nca buzcular faaliyetlerini yerel pazara y&#246;neltir. K&#305;sa s&#252;re sonra Bursa&#8217;da buz fabrikalar&#305; kurulmaya ba&#351;lan&#305;r ve &#252;retim bi&#231;imi de&#287;i&#351;ir. Baz&#305; aile fertleri bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;me uyum sa&#287;layarak yeni &#252;retim alanlar&#305;na y&#246;nelir. 1950&#8217;lerde buzdolab&#305;n&#305;n yayg&#305;nla&#351;mas&#305;yla birlikte buzculuk, yerini modern so&#287;utma teknolojilerine b&#305;rak&#305;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></p><p>Bu hik&#226;ye, daha geni&#351; bir d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n k&#252;&#231;&#252;k ama &#231;arp&#305;c&#305; bir par&#231;as&#305;d&#305;r. III. Selim&#8217;in Ir&#226;d-&#305; Ced&#238;d politikas&#305;, &#226;yanlar&#305;n ve m&#252;ltezimlerin elindeki da&#287;&#305;n&#305;k gelirleri hedef al&#305;rken k&#246;kl&#252; imtiyazlar&#305; da yeniden d&#252;zenler. Humbarac&#305; ve La&#287;&#305;mc&#305; ocaklar&#305;na tahsis edilmi&#351; t&#305;mar ve zeametlerin geri al&#305;nmas&#305;, mahl&#251;l malik&#226;ne mukataalar&#305;n&#305;n ve esham gelirlerinin merkeze &#231;ekilmesi, i&#231;ki, t&#252;t&#252;n ve kahve vergilerindeki art&#305;&#351;lar, yapa&#287;&#305;, tiftik, pamuk, maz&#305; ve k&#246;k boya gibi yeni gelir kalemlerinin ihdas&#305; bu s&#252;recin ba&#351;l&#305;ca ara&#231;lar&#305;d&#305;r. Mora&#8217;da kurulan &#252;z&#252;m malik&#226;nesi ve m&#252;sadere yoluyla elde edilen muhallefat gelirleri de ayn&#305; do&#287;rultuda de&#287;erlendirilir.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p><p>T&#252;m bu ad&#305;mlar&#305;n ortak y&#246;n&#252;, da&#287;&#305;n&#305;k gelir kaynaklar&#305;n&#305; toparlayarak merkezi hazine etraf&#305;nda yeniden &#246;rg&#252;tlemektir. Bu s&#252;re&#231;, Osmanl&#305; mali yap&#305;s&#305;nda yeni bir denge kurar ve devletin gelir &#252;zerindeki h&#226;kimiyetini daha g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r ve sistemli h&#226;le getirir.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Beh&#231;et Kemal Ye&#351;ilbursa, &#8220;Osmanl&#305; Saray&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n Buzcusu: Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n Kadim Ailelerinden Buzcubeyler (Buzcular) Ailesi,&#8221; <em>Bursa G&#252;nl&#252;&#287;&#252;</em> 12, no. 12 (2021): 56&#8211;63.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Fatih Ye&#351;il ve Y&#252;ksel &#199;elik, <em>Osmanl&#305; Modernle&#351;mesinde Teredd&#252;t ve Tecedd&#252;t Y&#305;llar&#305; (1768&#8211;1908)</em> (&#304;stanbul: Vak&#305;fBank K&#252;lt&#252;r Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, 2023).</p><p>*Serdar Ku&#351;ku&#8217;ya bu k&#305;ymetli ses kayd&#305;n&#305; tuttu&#287;u i&#231;in te&#351;ekk&#252;rler. </p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bursa’da Protestan Misyonerler]]></title><description><![CDATA[Setba&#351;&#305; Protestan Kilisesi, K&#305;z ve Erkek Okullar&#305;, Yetimhane ve &#350;afak Ma&#287;azas&#305;]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bursada-protestan-misyonerler</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bursada-protestan-misyonerler</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 16:30:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s4NJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffba46551-cebf-4787-baff-4fe0dbc5a65f_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Daha evvel Bursa&#8217;daki Protestan misyonu faaliyetleri &#252;zerine &#231;al&#305;&#351;an yazarlar, hamasi ve tek tarafl&#305; bir bak&#305;&#351; a&#231;&#305;s&#305;yla, &#231;o&#287;u zaman da Osmanl&#305; ve Cumhuriyet devlet ar&#351;ivlerinde yer alan, tabiat&#305; gere&#287;i daha &#231;ok &#8220;sorun&#8221; kayda ge&#231;iren belgeler &#305;&#351;&#305;&#287;&#305;nda &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;klar&#305; i&#231;in, &#231;o&#287;u Amerikal&#305; olan misyonerlerin Bursa&#8217;daki tarihini yeterince derinlemesine inceleyememi&#351;tir. Devletin g&#246;z&#252;ne tak&#305;lan krizler, &#351;ik&#226;yetler, soru&#351;turmalar var; peki g&#252;ndelik hayat, s&#305;radan ili&#351;kiler, i&#231; tart&#305;&#351;malar nerede? H&#226;l b&#246;yle olunca ortaya &#231;&#305;kan anlat&#305; da ister istemez tek boyutlu kal&#305;yor.</p><p>Herkesin dilinden d&#252;&#351;&#252;remedi&#287;i bir olay vard&#305;r; Muradiye&#8217;deki K&#305;z Koleji&#8217;nde ger&#231;ekle&#351;en dinden d&#246;nd&#252;rme vakas&#305;&#8230; Bursa&#8217;da bu mesele neredeyse &#351;ehir efsanesi mertebesine y&#252;kselmi&#351;tir. 1830&#8217;lardan ba&#351;layarak 1920&#8217;lere kadar s&#252;ren Bursa &#304;stasyonu&#8217;nun tarihi, &#231;o&#287;u zaman sadece bu hadise &#252;zerinden anlat&#305;l&#305;r. Bug&#252;n Bursa&#8217;da bu olay&#305; bilmeyen yoktur; &#246;te yandan bu olay d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda misyonerlerin tarihine dair ba&#351;ka &#351;eyler bilen de yoktur! Koca bir y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305; tek bir skandala s&#305;k&#305;&#351;t&#305;rman&#305;n rahatl&#305;&#287;&#305; da buradan geliyor olsa gerek.</p><p>Oysa hik&#226;ye bundan ibaret de&#287;il. Bu yaz&#305;, Setba&#351;&#305;&#8217;nda yer alan kilisenin in&#351;aat s&#252;recinden okullar&#305;n a&#231;&#305;l&#305;&#351;&#305;na, Bursa&#8217;daki misyon &#351;eflerinin merkeze yazd&#305;&#287;&#305; raporlardan, kurulan bir ma&#287;aza &#252;zerinden misyonerlerin ticari n&#252;fuzuna kadar uzanan daha geni&#351; bir tabloyu &#246;n&#252;m&#252;ze koymay&#305; vaat ediyor. Yani biraz muhasebe defteri, biraz da &#8220;say&#305;n merkeze arz olunur&#8221; dili g&#246;rece&#287;iz. Misyonerlik faaliyetinin yaln&#305;zca vaaz k&#252;rs&#252;s&#252;nde de&#287;il, d&#252;kk&#226;n tezg&#226;h&#305;nda da nas&#305;l &#351;ekillendi&#287;ini birlikte takip edece&#287;iz.</p><p>Bu &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma, b&#252;y&#252;k oranda ARIT&#8217;in b&#252;nyesinde yer alan ve SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma taraf&#305;ndan dijitalle&#351;tirilen American Board Ar&#351;ivi; misyonerlere ait y&#252;zlerce kutu belgenin eri&#351;ilebilir olmas&#305;yla m&#252;mk&#252;n oldu. Kutularda bekleyen raporlar, mektuplar, hesap cetvelleri art&#305;k birka&#231; t&#305;k &#246;tede. Ar&#351;ivin bir k&#305;sm&#305; daha evvel Muhsin &#214;nal taraf&#305;ndan &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;lm&#305;&#351; ve &#8220;Yeni D&#252;nyadan Eski D&#252;nyaya: 19. Y&#252;zy&#305;l Osmanl&#305; &#304;mparatorlu&#287;u&#8217;nda Amerikan Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri (Bursa &#214;rne&#287;i)&#8221; ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305; alt&#305;nda 2013 senesinde kitapla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Benim bu yaz&#305;m&#305;n da bir k&#305;sm&#305; bu kitapta yer alan bilgiler sayesinde &#351;ekillendi; ancak genel &#231;er&#231;eve, do&#287;rudan ARIT Ar&#351;ivi&#8217;ndeki belgelerden s&#252;z&#252;ld&#252;.</p><p>K&#305;sacas&#305; bu metin, misyonerler hakk&#305;nda yaz&#305;lm&#305;&#351; bir yaz&#305; olman&#305;n &#246;tesinde, misyonerlerin kendi ar&#351;ivlerinden konu&#351;an bir yaz&#305;. O y&#252;zden okur, al&#305;&#351;&#305;k oldu&#287;u tondan biraz farkl&#305; bir ses duyabilir. &#350;imdi gelin, Bursa &#304;stasyonu&#8217;nun hik&#226;yesini tek bir vakaya mahk&#251;m etmeden, biraz daha yak&#305;ndan ve biraz daha serinkanl&#305; bi&#231;imde birlikte okuyal&#305;m.</p><h3>Kilisenin Tarihi ve Bursa &#304;stasyonu&#8217;nun Kurulu&#351;u</h3><p>Bursa, misyonerlerin dikkatini erken bir tarihte &#231;ekmi&#351;ti. Resm&#238; olarak 1834&#8217;te istasyona d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;lm&#252;&#351; olsa da, &#351;ehir daha o tarihten evvel Amerikal&#305; misyonerlerin radar&#305;na girmi&#351;ti. &#304;lk ziyaret&#231;i William Goodell&#8217;di. 1832&#8217;de Bursa&#8217;ya geldi, &#351;ehri dola&#351;t&#305; ve kelimenin tam anlam&#305;yla b&#252;y&#252;lendi. Uluda&#287;&#8217;&#305;n etekleri, su kaynaklar&#305;, bah&#231;eler&#8230; Fakat Goodell&#8217;in hayranl&#305;&#287;&#305; romantik bir seyahat notunda kalmad&#305;. Board merkezine yazd&#305;&#287;&#305; mektupta &#351;u c&#252;mleyi kuruyordu: &#8220;&#304;stanbul&#8217;u bir tarafta tutarsak, Bursa kesinlikle Osmanl&#305; &#304;mparatorlu&#287;u s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; d&#226;hilindeki en g&#252;zel &#351;ehirlerden biri. Eksik olan tek &#351;ey Tanr&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n ve Mesih &#304;sa&#8217;n&#305;n &#246;&#287;retisi.&#8221; Do&#287;al g&#252;zellik kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda duyulan estetik hayranl&#305;k, birka&#231; sat&#305;r sonra teolojik bir eksiklik tespitine d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;yordu. Misyoner bak&#305;&#351;&#305;n&#305;n &#246;zeti belki de tam burada sakl&#305;.</p><p>Board heyeti bu s&#246;zleri ciddiye alm&#305;&#351; olmal&#305; ki 8 Aral&#305;k 1833 Pazar gecesi, Andover Ruhban Okulu&#8217;nun ibadethanesinde iki isim g&#246;revlendirildi: Thomas Pinckney Johnston ve Tebli&#287; edilen karar netti. Asya k&#305;tas&#305;ndaki Bursa&#8217;ya misyoner olarak atanm&#305;&#351;lard&#305;. D&#246;rt g&#252;n sonra, 12 Aral&#305;k 1833&#8217;te e&#351;leriyle birlikte Boston&#8217;dan yola &#231;&#305;kt&#305;lar ve 1834 &#350;ubat&#8217;&#305;nda &#304;stanbul&#8217;a ula&#351;t&#305;lar.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2cdc7d49-4e06-40dd-8ee9-73659ff9fe69_640x1138.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dcc03856-30f2-45db-afba-eca5414ad56d_1246x1118.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6d560b05-c100-48c4-9a65-a0e0b3a4bba2_1246x1118.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Benjamin Schneider ve e&#351;i Eliza, Bursa'da g&#246;rd&#252;klerini kitapla&#351;t&#305;rm&#305;&#351;lard&#305;r. 1846'da yay&#305;mlanan bu kitap, 2009 y&#305;l&#305;nda Dergah Yay&#305;nlar&#305;'ndan T&#252;rk&#231;e olarak \&quot;Bursa Mektuplar&#305; &#8211;Bir Osmanl&#305; Kentinde M&#252;minler ve K&#226;firler\&quot; ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/28941363-1c48-407c-b58f-46d4e7dabc9f_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Fakat sahadaki planlar masa ba&#351;&#305;ndaki kadar sabit de&#287;ildir. Schneider Bursa&#8217;ya ge&#231;ecekti, Johnston&#8217;&#305;n rotas&#305; ise son anda de&#287;i&#351;tirildi. Onun yerine Philander O. Powers atand&#305;. Powers ailesiyle birlikte altm&#305;&#351; &#252;&#231; g&#252;nl&#252;k zorlu bir deniz yolculu&#287;unun ard&#305;ndan 12 Ocak 1835&#8217;te &#304;zmir&#8217;e vard&#305;, oradan &#304;stanbul&#8217;a ge&#231;ti ve nihayet 13 &#350;ubat&#8217;ta Bursa&#8217;ya ula&#351;t&#305;. Schneider ise ailesiyle birlikte 15 Temmuz 1834&#8217;te kente gelmi&#351;ti. B&#246;ylece Bursa&#8217;daki Protestan varl&#305;&#287;&#305; fiilen ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351; oldu.</p><p>&#304;lk y&#305;llarda faaliyetler olduk&#231;a m&#252;tevaz&#305;yd&#305;. 1834&#8217;te evlerde toplan&#305;l&#305;yor, k&#252;&#231;&#252;k gruplar h&#226;linde g&#246;r&#252;&#351;meler yap&#305;l&#305;yordu. Resm&#238; bir kilise binas&#305;n&#305;n in&#351;as&#305; i&#231;in 1848&#8217;i beklemek gerekecekti. 1851&#8217;de ise &#246;nemli bir ad&#305;m at&#305;ld&#305; ve Amerikal&#305; misyonerler d&#305;&#351;&#305;ndan se&#231;ilen ilk yerli past&#246;r Ha&#231;aduryan oldu. Bu, yerelle&#351;me y&#246;n&#252;nde sembolik bir e&#351;ikti.</p><h4>Rum Ruhbanlar ile Misyonerlerin &#199;at&#305;&#351;mas&#305; </h4><p>Misyonerlerin Bursa&#8217;daki ilk tebli&#287;e ba&#351;lad&#305;klar&#305; cemaat Rumlar oldu. Strateji a&#231;&#305;kt&#305;. Zaten Hristiyan olan bir topluluk i&#231;inde, &#8220;hakiki inanc&#305;&#8221; anlatt&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;kleri bir &#305;slah hareketi ba&#351;latmak. Rum mahallesinde bir ev kiralad&#305;lar ve faaliyetlerine burada ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Fakat bu ad&#305;m, bekledikleri gibi sessiz ve sakin bir ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231; olmad&#305;. Gerek piskoposun gerek cemaat i&#231;indeki n&#252;fuz sahibi isimlerin tepkisi gecikmedi. Bursa&#8217;da misyonerlere y&#246;nelik en kararl&#305; ve &#246;rg&#252;tl&#252; muhalefet, Rum ruhban s&#305;n&#305;f&#305;ndan geldi. Din adamlar&#305;,  Protestanl&#305;&#287;a meyleden ya da en az&#305;ndan kulak kabartan ki&#351;ileri geri d&#246;nd&#252;rmek i&#231;in yo&#287;un bir &#231;aba sarf etti. Vaaz k&#252;rs&#252;s&#252;nden, mahalle sohbetlerinden, ki&#351;isel temaslardan misyonerlere kar&#351;&#305; uyar&#305;lar y&#252;kselmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;. Cemaatin &#8220;yoldan &#231;&#305;kar&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8221; fikri sistemli bi&#231;imde i&#351;lendi.</p><p>Schneider ise olup biteni bamba&#351;ka bir yerden okuyordu. Ona g&#246;re ya&#351;anan gerilimin temel sebebi ruhban s&#305;n&#305;f&#305;n&#305;n cehaletiydi. Rahiplerin bir k&#305;sm&#305;n&#305;n okuma yazma bilmedi&#287;ini iddia ediyor, onlar&#305;n <em>kalbin kutsiyeti</em>nden habersiz olduklar&#305;n&#305; s&#246;yl&#252;yordu. Hatta daha da ileri giderek, sanki ellerinde hi&#231; Kitab-&#305; Mukaddes yokmu&#351; gibi davrand&#305;klar&#305;n&#305;, ayin ve t&#246;renlerini me&#351;rula&#351;t&#305;rmak i&#231;in kutsal metni i&#351;lerine geldi&#287;i &#351;ekilde yorumlad&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; yaz&#305;yordu.</p><p>Burada ilgin&#231; olan &#351;u. Her iki taraf da kendisini &#8220;hakiki&#8221; gelene&#287;in temsilcisi olarak g&#246;r&#252;yordu. Rum ruhban&#305; i&#231;in misyonerler b&#246;l&#252;c&#252; ve sapk&#305;n bir ak&#305;m&#305; temsil ediyordu. Misyoner i&#231;in ise yerle&#351;ik kilise yozla&#351;m&#305;&#351;, metni tahrif etmi&#351;, halk&#305; karanl&#305;kta b&#305;rakm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Ayn&#305; &#351;ehirde, ayn&#305; kutsal kitaba referansla iki farkl&#305; hakikat iddias&#305; yan yana duruyordu. Bursa&#8217;daki ilk temaslar b&#246;yle ba&#351;lad&#305;. Daha ilk ad&#305;mda kap&#305; kap&#305;ya bir teolojik m&#252;cadele. Bir yanda mahallede kiralanm&#305;&#351; m&#252;tevaz&#305; bir ev, di&#287;er yanda y&#252;zy&#305;ll&#305;k kilise gelene&#287;i. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TB7w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd029d0f2-9798-4ed6-8353-ffb3c638c8a4_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#199;ok ge&#231;meden Bursa&#8217;da Rum piskoposun kaleme ald&#305;&#287;&#305;, adeta genelge niteli&#287;i ta&#351;&#305;yan uzun bir talimatname cemaat i&#231;inde okunmaya ba&#351;land&#305;. Schneider&#8217;&#305;n ifadesine g&#246;re bu metin, o g&#252;ne dek yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351; en sert ve en hakaretamiz belgeydi. Otuz sayfal&#305;k bir metinden s&#246;z ediyoruz. &#220;slup son derece a&#287;&#305;r, ithamlar ise &#246;l&#231;&#252;s&#252;z.</p><p>Talimatnamede misyonerler &#351;eytani emellere hizmet eden sap&#305;klar olarak tan&#305;mlan&#305;yordu. Piskoposa g&#246;re onlar cehennemin en kuytu ma&#287;aralar&#305;ndan &#231;&#305;k&#305;p gelmi&#351; kimselerdi. Hatta Kuzey Okyanusu&#8217;nun dipsiz sular&#305;na batmay&#305; hak eden &#351;eytan&#305;n u&#351;aklar&#305;&#8230; Ama mesele sadece retorik de&#287;ildi. Metin a&#231;&#305;k bir m&#252;cadele &#231;a&#287;r&#305;s&#305;yd&#305;. Misyonerlerin amac&#305;n&#305;n kiliseyi tahrif etmek, fitne tohumlar&#305; ekmek ve ihtilaflar&#305; k&#246;r&#252;klemek oldu&#287;u vurgulan&#305;yordu. Pe&#351;inde olduklar&#305; &#351;ey delaletti. Protestan doktrininin h&#226;kim oldu&#287;u &#252;lkelerin ac&#305;nacak h&#226;lde bulundu&#287;u ileri s&#252;r&#252;l&#252;yor, bu &#252;lkelerde halk&#305;n kendi kitaplar&#305;na bile eri&#351;emedi&#287;i iddia ediliyordu. Daha da &#246;nemlisi, misyonerler taraf&#305;ndan haz&#305;rlanan ve T&#252;rk&#231;e, S&#305;rp&#231;a, Arap&#231;a, Bulgarca gibi dillere &#231;evrilen &#304;ncil n&#252;shalar&#305;n&#305; okumak yasaklan&#305;yordu. Cemaatin misyonerlere herhangi bir konuda yard&#305;m etmesine kesin bir dille kar&#351;&#305; &#231;&#305;k&#305;l&#305;yordu. Bu art&#305;k bir tart&#305;&#351;ma de&#287;il, bir saf tutma &#231;a&#287;r&#305;s&#305;yd&#305;.</p><p>Alt tabakadaki insanlar aras&#305;nda bu bask&#305;n&#305;n etkisi hissediliyordu. Ba&#351;papaz&#305;n ve piskoposun n&#252;fuzu g&#252;&#231;l&#252;yd&#252;. Schneider&#8217;a g&#246;re bu durumun arkas&#305;nda cehalet ve &#246;nyarg&#305;lar vard&#305;. Fakat ayn&#305; Schneider, biraz daha m&#252;nevver olanlar aras&#305;nda farkl&#305; bir kanaatin dola&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; da not eder. Ona g&#246;re baz&#305; kimseler misyonerlere kar&#351;&#305; bu kadar sert bir tav&#305;r tak&#305;nmak i&#231;in ortada makul bir sebep bulunmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;nmektedir. Hatta b&#246;ylesi &#246;fkeli &#231;&#305;k&#305;&#351;lar&#305;n ruhban makam&#305;n&#305;n sayg&#305;nl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; zedeledi&#287;ini s&#246;yleyenler vard&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg" width="366" height="579.3617407071623" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vi2P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bf8b3f3-ec42-48d0-9d5f-09e8e0306303_1103x1746.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Benjamin Schneider imzal&#305; Bursa&#8217;dan yaz&#305;lm&#305;&#351; rapor, SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma</figcaption></figure></div><p>Schneider meseleyi daha da ileri g&#246;t&#252;r&#252;r ve bu tavr&#305; bir ulus i&#231;in y&#252;z karas&#305; olarak niteler. Elbette burada konu&#351;an taraf&#305;n bir misyoner oldu&#287;unu unutmamak gerekir. Metinleri okurken, her c&#252;mlenin ayn&#305; zamanda bir savunma metni oldu&#287;unu da hesaba katmak gerekir.</p><p>Yine de &#351;u tablo dikkat &#231;ekicidir. Misyoner bask&#305;dan &#351;ik&#226;yet ederken bir yandan da umutludur. Ona g&#246;re halk&#305;n &#246;nemli bir k&#305;sm&#305; bu sert tavr&#305; i&#231;ten i&#231;e yad&#305;rgamaktad&#305;r. Fakat din adamlar&#305;n&#305;n g&#252;c&#252; o kadar belirgindir ki kimse a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a kar&#351;&#305; &#231;&#305;kmaya cesaret edemez. Misyonerlerle dostane ili&#351;kiler kurmaktan memnuniyet duyacak ki&#351;iler vard&#305;r, ama bunu alenen g&#246;stermek risklidir. Ba&#351;papaz olan bitenden haberdar olmak istedik&#231;e, insanlar misyonerleri destekliyormu&#351; izlenimi verecek en k&#252;&#231;&#252;k davran&#305;&#351;tan bile ka&#231;&#305;nacakt&#305;r.</p><p>Bursa&#8217;daki bu ilk gerilim, bir inan&#231; tart&#305;&#351;mas&#305;n&#305;n &#246;tesine ge&#231;er. Bu, ayn&#305; zamanda otorite, n&#252;fuz ve kamusal alan m&#252;cadelesidir. Kim konu&#351;acak, kim susacak, kim hangi kitab&#305; okuyacak? Sorular teolojiden ba&#351;lar, ama cevab&#305; &#351;ehir hayat&#305;n&#305;n tam ortas&#305;nda aran&#305;r.</p><p>1838 y&#305;l&#305; Bursa&#8217;daki misyon hik&#226;yesinde bir k&#305;r&#305;lma an&#305; gibi g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r. Rum piskopos g&#246;revinden ayr&#305;l&#305;r. Yerine atanan yeni din adam&#305; 7 Mart&#8217;ta Bursa&#8217;ya gelir. Schneider i&#231;in as&#305;l dikkat &#231;ekici olan, bu ziyaret s&#305;ras&#305;nda kendisine uzat&#305;lan davettir. Onun g&#246;z&#252;nde bu davet, &#252;st d&#252;zey bir ruhani makamdan pek beklenmeyecek &#246;l&#231;&#252;de bir a&#231;&#305;kl&#305;k ve serbestlik i&#351;aretidir. Yeni piskoposun, selefine k&#305;yasla daha &#305;l&#305;ml&#305; bir hava estirdi&#287;i d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;l&#252;r. Schneider, Tanr&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n inayetiyle bu isim makam&#305;nda kald&#305;&#287;&#305; s&#252;rece misyonerlik faaliyetlerine ciddi bir m&#252;dahale olmayaca&#287;&#305;na kanaat getirir.</p><p>Fakat ar&#351;ivler iyimserli&#287;i pek do&#287;rulamaz. &#304;sim de&#287;i&#351;mi&#351;, makam de&#287;i&#351;mi&#351;, fakat sahadaki refleksler b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de yerli yerinde durmaktad&#305;r. Bu g&#246;rece yumu&#351;amadan cesaret alan Schneider, 1838 Eyl&#252;l&#8217;&#252;nde civar k&#246;ylere bir tebli&#287; gezisi d&#252;zenler. Gitti&#287;i k&#246;y ve kasabalarda kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; manzara ise nettir. Rumlara da&#287;&#305;t&#305;lan kitaplar din adamlar&#305;n&#305;n talimat&#305;yla toplat&#305;lmaktad&#305;r. Evangelizm taraftarlar&#305;na y&#246;nelik muhalefetin boyutu k&#252;&#231;&#252;msenecek gibi de&#287;ildir.</p><p>Schneider bunu son derece sert ifadelerle anlat&#305;r. Ona g&#246;re d&#252;&#351;manl&#305;k hem yayg&#305;n hem de &#351;iddetlidir. Bir daha benzerine &#351;ahit olunup olunmayaca&#287;&#305; konusunda kesin konu&#351;mak m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;ildir. Buna ra&#287;men misyoner tevekk&#252;l&#252;n&#252; elden b&#305;rakmaz. Hakikati engellemeye d&#246;n&#252;k t&#252;m &#231;abalara ra&#287;men &#304;ncili &#350;erif &#246;&#287;retisinin yay&#305;lmaya devam etti&#287;ini savunur ve &#351;u c&#252;mleleri kaydeder: &#8220;&#214;&#287;retimiz sessizce ve derinden halk kitlelerinin i&#231;ine s&#305;zmaktayd&#305;. G&#246;sterilen tepkiler yaln&#305;zca y&#252;zeydekileri al&#305;p g&#246;t&#252;rmekteydi. Bununla birlikte hakikatin &#305;&#351;&#305;&#287;&#305; derinden derine yanmaya devam etmekteydi.&#8221; Bu sat&#305;rlar, bask&#305; anlat&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n i&#231;ine yerle&#351;tirilmi&#351; bir umut beyan&#305;d&#305;r.</p><p>Ne var ki yeni piskoposun beklenen &#305;l&#305;ml&#305; &#231;izgide kalmad&#305;&#287;&#305; k&#305;sa s&#252;rede anla&#351;&#305;l&#305;r. Evangelizm taraftarlar&#305;na ait kitaplar&#305;n rahiplere teslim edilmesi y&#246;n&#252;nde talimatlar verilir. Demirta&#351; ve Filadar yani bug&#252;nk&#252; G&#252;ndo&#287;du&#8217;daki okullarda bulunan kitap ve risalelerin toplanmas&#305; i&#231;in &#246;zel g&#246;revlendirmeler yap&#305;l&#305;r. Bununla da yetinilmez, halka da&#287;&#305;t&#305;lm&#305;&#351; n&#252;shalara da el konur.</p><p>Toplanan kitaplar Rum kilisesinin &#246;n&#252;nde yak&#305;lan ate&#351;e at&#305;larak imha edilir. Be&#351; y&#252;z, belki alt&#305; y&#252;z civar&#305;nda n&#252;shadan s&#246;z edilir. Aralar&#305;nda Yeni Ahit, Mezmurlar, Tevrat ve &#231;e&#351;itli risaleler vard&#305;r. Bir metin m&#252;cadelesi, sembolik bir imha t&#246;renine d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;r.</p><p>Dalga bununla da s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmaz. Demirta&#351; ve Filadar okullar&#305;n&#305;n, hatta Bursa&#8217;daki Lancaster usul&#252; okulun &#246;&#287;retmenleri, misyonerlere ilgi duyduklar&#305; ve Evangelik g&#246;r&#252;&#351;lere sahip olduklar&#305; gerek&#231;esiyle g&#246;revlerinden azledilir. Okullardan biri tamamen kapat&#305;l&#305;r, di&#287;erleri eski sistemlerine d&#246;nd&#252;r&#252;l&#252;r. E&#287;itim alan&#305;ndaki her temas noktas&#305; s&#305;k&#305; bir denetime al&#305;n&#305;r.</p><p>Demirta&#351;&#8217;taki rahiplerden biri de g&#246;revinden uzakla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;l&#305;r. Kendisine, b&#246;lge piskoposunun diyakozluk sahas&#305;na giren herhangi bir yerde rahiplik yapamayaca&#287;&#305; bildirilir. Bu fiil&#238; bir meslekten men karar&#305;d&#305;r. Schneider&#8217;a g&#246;re bu a&#287;&#305;r yapt&#305;r&#305;m&#305;n tek nedeni, s&#246;z konusu din adam&#305;n&#305;n yayg&#305;n bat&#305;l itikatlara kar&#351;&#305; durmas&#305; ve &#304;ncil&#8217;i &#246;zg&#252;rce savunmas&#305;d&#305;r.</p><p>&#304;lerleyen y&#305;llarda muhalefetin tonu de&#287;i&#351;se de etkisi azalmad&#305;. &#304;lk d&#246;nemin a&#231;&#305;k, sert ve meydan okuyan tavr&#305;n&#305;n yerini daha derin, daha sinsi bir kar&#351;&#305; duru&#351; ald&#305;. Bir tarafta nefret ve &#351;iddetli muhalefet, di&#287;er tarafta bu bask&#305;n&#305;n &#252;retti&#287;i korku ve kay&#305;ts&#305;zl&#305;k vard&#305;. A&#231;&#305;k &#231;at&#305;&#351;ma kadar, sessizlik de belirleyici bir ara&#231; h&#226;line gelmi&#351;ti.</p><p>Schneider, her &#351;eye kadir olan&#305;n inayetiyle bir&#231;ok yerde &#351;errin hayra d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; yazsa da Bursa s&#246;z konusu oldu&#287;unda iyimserli&#287;i zay&#305;flar. Ona g&#246;re kentteki tablo giderek daha felaket bir h&#226;l almaktad&#305;r. Burada kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; &#351;ey, a&#231;&#305;ktan y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;len bir m&#252;cadele de&#287;il, gizli ve &#246;rg&#252;tl&#252; bir muhalefettir. Fakat misyonerin alt&#305;n&#305; &#231;izdi&#287;i nokta dikkat &#231;ekicidir. B&#246;yle &#246;rt&#252;k bir kar&#351;&#305; duru&#351;, &#231;o&#287;u zaman a&#231;&#305;k d&#252;&#351;manl&#305;ktan daha yaralay&#305;c&#305;d&#305;r. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; insan neyle ve kiminle m&#252;cadele etti&#287;ini tam olarak g&#246;remez.</p><p>Rum cemaat i&#231;inde dola&#351;an s&#246;ylem de bu psikolojiyi beslemektedir. A&#231;&#305;k&#231;a dile getirilen bir beklenti vard&#305;r. Sultan&#8217;&#305;n yak&#305;nda i&#351;leri yoluna koyaca&#287;&#305;, d&#252;zeni sa&#287;layaca&#287;&#305; ve Protestan hareketini ortadan kald&#305;raca&#287;&#305; umudu. Hatta bu beklenti zaman zaman bir b&#246;b&#252;rlenmeye d&#246;n&#252;&#351;mektedir. Bir s&#252;re sonra Protestanlardan geriye hi&#231;bir &#351;ey kalmayacak, izlerine dahi rastlanmayacakt&#305;r.</p><p>Bu c&#252;mleler, d&#246;nemin ruh h&#226;lini yans&#305;t&#305;r. Bir taraf sab&#305;rla ve sessizce yay&#305;lmaya inand&#305;&#287;&#305; bir hakikatten s&#246;z ederken, di&#287;er taraf devlet otoritesinin m&#252;dahalesini bekleyerek kar&#351;&#305; hareketin k&#246;k&#252;n&#252; kaz&#305;yaca&#287;&#305;na inanmaktad&#305;r. Bursa&#8217;da m&#252;cadele art&#305;k sadece kilise duvarlar&#305; i&#231;inde de&#287;il, beklentiler, s&#246;ylentiler ve siyasi umutlar &#252;zerinden de y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;lmektedir.</p><h4>Ermeni Ruhbanlar ile Misyonerlerin &#199;at&#305;&#351;mas&#305;</h4><p>Bursa&#8217;da misyonerler i&#351;e ba&#351;larken din ya da mezhep ayr&#305;m&#305; g&#246;zetmediklerini s&#246;ylerler. &#8220;Hakikatin &#305;&#351;&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8221; herkes i&#231;indir. Fakat sahadaki sonu&#231;lar daha &#231;ok Ermeni cemaati &#252;zerinden al&#305;n&#305;r. Schneider, William Goodell ile yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; ilk ziyarette Ermenilere y&#246;nelik bir okul a&#231;man&#305;n zeminini yoklar. Hatta haz&#305;rl&#305;klar&#305; y&#252;r&#252;tmesi i&#231;in gen&#231; bir Ermeni g&#246;revlendirilir. Misyoner &#351;ehirden ayr&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;nda altyap&#305; tamamlanm&#305;&#351;, derslik ve malzemeler haz&#305;r h&#226;le getirilmi&#351;tir.</p><p>Okul a&#231;&#305;l&#305;r ama sanc&#305;s&#305;z de&#287;il. Ermeni cemaati kendi i&#231;inde toplant&#305;lar yapar. &#214;zellikle ba&#351;rahip serttir. Bu giri&#351;imin bir Protestan meselesi oldu&#287;unu, &#231;ocuklar&#305;n Lutheranla&#351;aca&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#246;yler. Tehlike dinidir. Buna ra&#287;men okul faaliyete ge&#231;er. &#304;&#231;eride misyonerlere dost bir rahip &#246;&#287;retmenlik yapmaktad&#305;r. Cemaatin n&#252;fuzlu bir ismi de a&#231;&#305;k destek verir. Misyonerler a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan bu destek hayati &#246;nemdedir. Ruhban s&#305;n&#305;f&#305;n&#305;n topyek&#251;n muhalefeti kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda ayakta kalmak kolay de&#287;ildir.</p><p>Nitekim rahiplerin itiraz&#305; zamanla sertle&#351;ir. &#214;zellikle okul meselesinde taviz verilmez. Cemaat &#252;yeleri misyonerleri ziyaret etmemeleri konusunda s&#252;rekli uyar&#305;l&#305;r. Bir rahip, Powers&#8217;&#305;n kar&#351;&#305; kom&#351;usunu adeta muhbirli&#287;e &#231;a&#287;&#305;r&#305;r. Kap&#305; &#231;al&#305;nd&#305;&#287;&#305;nda haber verilecektir. Fakat ayn&#305; kom&#351;u, t&#252;m bask&#305;ya ra&#287;men misyonerleri desteklemeyi s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;r.</p><p>Kay&#305;tlar g&#246;steriyor ki misyonerler Rumlara k&#305;yasla Ermeni cemaat i&#231;inde daha fazla taraftar bulmu&#351;tur. Powers, birka&#231; duyarl&#305; dosttan s&#246;z eder. Hatta i&#231;lerinden biri, rahiplerin sert tutumu kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda cesaretini kaybetmemesini &#246;&#287;&#252;tler. Fakat as&#305;l tehdit yine ruhban s&#305;n&#305;f&#305;d&#305;r. Ermeni piskoposlar muhalefeti sistematik bi&#231;imde s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;r. Misyonerlerle ili&#351;ki kuranlar en a&#287;&#305;r dini m&#252;eyyidelerle tehdit edilir.</p><p>Kitaplara hen&#252;z el konmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r ama bask&#305; okullar &#252;zerinden y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;l&#252;r. Powers&#8217;&#305;n yan&#305;nda yeti&#351;en iki gen&#231; Ermeni &#246;&#287;retmen, misyonerle irtibatlar&#305;n&#305; kesmedikleri i&#231;in kilisede alenen azarlan&#305;r ve g&#246;z hapsinde tutulacaklar&#305; bildirilir. Sonunda onlar da geri ad&#305;m atmak zorunda kal&#305;r. &#304;ncil s&#305;n&#305;f&#305; faaliyetleri ask&#305;ya al&#305;n&#305;r. Powers&#8217;&#305;n en yak&#305;n Ermeni yard&#305;mc&#305;s&#305; bile onu terk eder. &#199;eviri &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar&#305;n&#305; bu kez Atinal&#305; gen&#231; bir Rum&#8217;la s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;rler.</p><p>Bask&#305; bununla s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; de&#287;ildir. Ev sahibine, misyoneri tahliye etmezse aforoz ve s&#252;rg&#252;nle kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;aca&#287;&#305; s&#246;ylenir. Misyonerler valiye ba&#351;vurur. G&#252;vence verilir ama husumetin hedefi a&#231;&#305;kt&#305;r. Ama&#231;, misyonerleri &#351;ehirden b&#252;t&#252;n&#252;yle tecrit etmektir. Yollar&#305; kesmek, temas kanallar&#305;n&#305; kapatmak.</p><p>Yine de Powers &#252;mitlidir. Davalar&#305;n&#305;n Tanr&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n davas&#305; oldu&#287;unu, hakikat ve kutsiyet pe&#351;inde ko&#351;tuklar&#305;n&#305; yazar. Halk nezdinde propagandalar&#305;n kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; oldu&#287;unu, &#246;zellikle yoksul kesimin ilgisini kaybetmedi&#287;ini savunur. Ger&#231;ekten de Ermeni cemaat i&#231;inde k&#305;smi bir taban deste&#287;i vard&#305;r. Bu, misyonerlerin elini Rum &#246;rne&#287;ine k&#305;yasla biraz daha g&#252;&#231;lendirir.</p><p>Fakat uzun vadede tablo a&#287;&#305;rd&#305;r. Protestanl&#305;&#287;&#305;n Bursa&#8217;daki on &#252;&#231;&#252;nc&#252; y&#305;l&#305;nda dahi aforoz tehditleri s&#252;rmektedir. Evangelik Ermenilerden d&#246;rd&#252; isim isim lanetlenir. Fiziksel &#351;iddet yoktur belki, fakat toplumsal d&#305;&#351;lama son derece etkilidir. Aileden ihra&#231;, mal kayb&#305;, s&#252;rg&#252;n, hapis tehditleri&#8230; Bireysel cezalar zamanla cemaat &#246;l&#231;e&#287;inde bir bask&#305;ya d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;r. Baz&#305;lar&#305; geri ad&#305;m atar, baz&#305;lar&#305; ad&#305;n&#305;n lanetlenenler aras&#305;nda yer almamas&#305; i&#231;in taviz verir.</p><p>Ermeni ruhban&#305; ile Protestan misyonerler aras&#305;ndaki rekabet tam da burada d&#252;&#287;&#252;mlenir. Mesele yaln&#305;zca doktrin de&#287;ildir. Otorite, e&#287;itim, metin ve cemaat &#252;zerindeki denetimdir. Kim konu&#351;acak, kim okutacak, kim d&#305;&#351;lanacak? Bursa&#8217;daki m&#252;cadele, bu sorular etraf&#305;nda &#351;ekillenen uzun ve y&#305;prat&#305;c&#305; bir g&#252;&#231; m&#252;cadelesidir.</p><p>Aradan otuz k&#252;s&#252;r y&#305;l ge&#231;ip 1892 senesine gelindi&#287;inde Bursa ve &#231;evresinde tespit edilebilen Protestanl&#305;&#287;a ge&#231;mi&#351; 604 ki&#351;i ancak ya vard&#305; ya yoktu. T&#252;m bu u&#287;ra&#351;lar, k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir cemaat yaratabilmi&#351;ti. </p><h3>Rahip Baldwin D&#246;nemi </h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png" width="332" height="423.3308550185874" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:686,&quot;width&quot;:538,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:332,&quot;bytes&quot;:680789,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mcsJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4e0fba1-ee3f-41a0-a137-2e3df4fea0fd_538x686.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#350;imdiye kadar 1830&#8217;lardan 1850&#8217;lerin ba&#351;&#305;na uzanan s&#252;rece &#351;ahit oldunuz. Bunun &#246;tesinde Rahip Baldwin gibi 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l sonu 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l ba&#351;&#305;nda Bursa&#8217;da g&#246;rev yapan isimler de vard&#305;r. 1896&#8211;97 tarihli Brousa/Bursa &#304;stasyonu Raporu&#8217;nu kaleme alan Rahip Theo A. Baldwin, s&#246;ze ilgin&#231; bir yerden ba&#351;l&#305;yor. &#8220;Yolunuz her t&#252;rl&#252; g&#252;&#231;l&#252;kle kesilmi&#351;se, raporunuzun &#231;arp&#305;c&#305; ba&#351;ar&#305;larla dolu olmas&#305; beklenemez&#8221; diyor. Ard&#305;ndan ekliyor: B&#246;yle &#351;artlarda yerini koruyabilmek, elveri&#351;li r&#252;zg&#226;rlarla h&#305;zl&#305; ilerlemek kadar ger&#231;ek bir zaferdir.</p><p>Y&#305;l&#305;n ba&#351;&#305;nda b&#252;y&#252;k bir tedirginlik ya&#351;anm&#305;&#351;. &#8220;Bar&#305;&#351;sever&#8221; diye an&#305;lan vali g&#246;revden al&#305;nm&#305;&#351;, yerine Hristiyanlara kar&#351;&#305; d&#252;&#351;manl&#305;&#287;&#305; a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a hissedilen bir isim gelmi&#351;. Baldwin&#8217;e g&#246;re M&#252;sl&#252;manlar aras&#305;nda bir ya&#287;ma beklentisi do&#287;mu&#351;, Hristiyanlar ise korku i&#231;inde tutulmu&#351;. K&#305;sa s&#252;re sonra eski vali M&#252;nir Pa&#351;a geri d&#246;nm&#252;&#351; ama aradaki fetret devri, misyonerlerin ne kadar k&#305;r&#305;lgan bir zeminde hareket etti&#287;ini g&#246;stermeye yetmi&#351;.</p><p>Polis g&#246;zetimi son derece s&#305;k&#305;. Ermenilerin ba&#351;kentle temas&#305; bir s&#252;reli&#287;ine yasaklanm&#305;&#351;. Baldwin, do&#287;u sahas&#305;n&#305; ziyaret etmek istiyor fakat yerli vaizler buna kar&#351;&#305; &#231;&#305;k&#305;yor. O da mektuplarla yetinmek zorunda kal&#305;yor. Yani 1890&#8217;lar&#305;n sonunda bile misyon sahas&#305;nda hareket serbestisi yok.</p><h4>K&#246;yler: Zay&#305;f Ama Direnen Topluluklar</h4><p>Raporda tek tek k&#246;yler dola&#351;&#305;l&#305;yor. Karaa&#287;a&#231;&#8217;ta k&#252;&#231;&#252;k ve yoksul bir cemaat var. Say&#305;lar&#305; az, imk&#226;nlar&#305; s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305;. Ama bir nesildir &#8220;haklar&#305; i&#231;in m&#252;cadele ediyorlar.&#8221; D&#305;&#351;ar&#305;dan bakana anlams&#305;z g&#246;r&#252;nen bir &#305;srar bu. Baldwin bunu ahlaki bir diren&#231; olarak okuyor.</p><p>Arslanbey&#8217;de hen&#252;z tamamlanmam&#305;&#351; bir &#351;apel var. D&#252;zenli vaiz yok ama &#231;an sesi susmuyor. Muradiye&#8217;de k&#252;rs&#252; y&#305;llard&#305;r bo&#351;. Cemaat toplan&#305;yor ama ilerleme yok. &#8220;Kendi kendine yard&#305;m etmeyi &#246;&#287;renmediler&#8221; diyerek hafif bir sitem de ekliyor.</p><p>Bilecik yak&#305;nlar&#305;ndaki &#199;alkara&#8217;da umut verici bir &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma, vaizin &#246;l&#252;m&#252;yle yar&#305;m kalm&#305;&#351;. Halk&#305;n okuma yazma oran&#305; son derece d&#252;&#351;&#252;k. &#8220;Duman&#305; t&#252;ten fitilin s&#246;nmemesini umuyoruz&#8221; c&#252;mlesiyle, i&#351;i tamamen ilahi takdire b&#305;rak&#305;yor.</p><p>G&#246;lda&#287;&#8217;da i&#351;ler g&#246;rece iyi. Kad&#305;n toplant&#305;lar&#305; yap&#305;l&#305;yor. Ancak &#8220;Disciples&#8221; diye an&#305;lan ba&#351;ka bir Protestan grubun geli&#351;i i&#351;leri kar&#305;&#351;t&#305;rm&#305;&#351;. &#214;zellikle Sebt uygulamas&#305;ndaki farkl&#305;l&#305;klar y&#252;z&#252;nden &#252;yeler kay&#305;yor. Yani tehdit art&#305;k sadece Gregoryen ruhban de&#287;il; Protestanlar kendi aralar&#305;nda da rekabet h&#226;linde.</p><p>Band&#305;rma&#8217;da vaiz e&#287;itimli de&#287;il ama dua ve ilahide yetenekli. Soloz&#8217;da okul Gregoryenlerin bile g&#252;venini kazanm&#305;&#351;. Hatta &#231;ocuklar&#305;n&#305; &#252;cretini &#246;deyerek g&#246;nderiyorlar. Yani sahada gerilim kadar pragmatik ili&#351;kiler de var.</p><h4>Bursa Merkez: Da&#287;&#305;lan Cemaat, Yeni Yetimhane</h4><p>Bursa merkeze gelindi&#287;inde tablo karma&#351;&#305;k. &#220;lkedeki siyasi kar&#305;&#351;&#305;kl&#305;k, aile g&#246;&#231;lerini h&#305;zland&#305;rm&#305;&#351;. Bir k&#305;sm&#305; Bulgaristan&#8217;a, bir k&#305;sm&#305; &#8220;&#246;zg&#252;rlerin &#252;lkesi&#8221; diye and&#305;klar&#305; Amerika&#8217;ya gitmi&#351;. Cemaat k&#252;&#231;&#252;l&#252;yor. Papaz&#305;n maa&#351;&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;lamak bile mesele h&#226;line gelmi&#351;.</p><p>Tam bu noktada ilgin&#231; bir hamle geliyor. Bo&#351; kalan yat&#305;l&#305; okul binalar&#305; de&#287;erlendirilerek bir yetimhane a&#231;&#305;l&#305;yor. Daha sonra bu Muradiye&#8217;deki yetimhane, &#8220;&#304;svi&#231;re Yetimhanesi&#8221; olarak an&#305;lacak. 13 Ocak&#8217;ta kap&#305;lar a&#231;&#305;l&#305;yor ve k&#305;sa s&#252;rede 30 k&#305;z &#231;ocuk yerle&#351;tiriliyor. Arabkir, Erzincan, Bayburt, Akhisar ve &#304;stanbul&#8217;dan gelenler var. K&#305;sa s&#252;rede say&#305; art&#305;yor. Yeni kafilelerin yolda oldu&#287;u bildiriliyor.</p><p>Pastor ve e&#351;i &#231;ocuklar taraf&#305;ndan Ermenice &#8220;Hairig&#8221; ve &#8220;Mairig&#8221; yani Baba ve Anne diye &#231;a&#287;r&#305;l&#305;yor. Bu ifade, misyonerlerin kendilerini nas&#305;l konumland&#305;rd&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a g&#246;steriyor. Dini liderlik, ailevi bir &#351;efkat diliyle birle&#351;iyor.</p><p>Dikkat &#231;ekici bir ayr&#305;nt&#305; daha var. Yetimhanedeki k&#305;zlardan yaln&#305;zca biri Protestan. Yani kurum, fiilen daha geni&#351; bir Ermeni kitlesine hitap ediyor. Bu, misyoner stratejisinin a&#231;&#305;k bir g&#246;stergesi.</p><p>Yat&#305;l&#305; okul g&#246;&#231;lerden etkilenmi&#351;. Ge&#231;en y&#305;l&#305;n &#246;&#287;rencilerinin &#231;o&#287;u art&#305;k yok. Fakat yerleri doldurulmu&#351; ve 47 &#246;&#287;renci devam ediyor. D&#305;&#351;ar&#305;dan gelen yat&#305;l&#305; &#246;&#287;renci say&#305;s&#305; siyasi kar&#305;&#351;&#305;kl&#305;k nedeniyle d&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;.</p><p>Raporun sonunda Baldwin temkinli bir iyimserlikle bitiriyor. G&#252;zel bir bina, umut vaat eden &#246;&#287;renciler, iyi bir &#246;&#287;retmen kadrosu var. Ama g&#252;nl&#252;k ilerleme beklentisi yerine sab&#305;r ve dua talep ediliyor.</p><p>1890&#8217;lar&#305;n Bursa&#8217;s&#305;nda Protestan misyonu art&#305;k yay&#305;lmac&#305; bir ivmeden &#231;ok, varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; koruma m&#252;cadelesi veriyor. Devlet g&#246;zetimi, ruhban muhalefeti, Protestan i&#231; rekabeti, g&#246;&#231;ler ve ekonomik s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;lar&#8230; T&#252;m bunlar&#305;n aras&#305;nda ayakta kalmak bile ba&#351;ar&#305; say&#305;l&#305;yor.</p><p>Ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta &#8220;hakikatin &#305;&#351;&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8221;n&#305; getirme iddias&#305;yla yola &#231;&#305;kan hareket, 1896&#8217;ya gelindi&#287;inde bir yetimhane, birka&#231; k&#305;r&#305;lgan k&#246;y cemaati ve s&#252;rekli azalan bir merkez kilise etraf&#305;nda varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#252;rd&#252;rmeye &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yor. Fakat yine de umut dili terk edilmiyor. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; misyoner zihniyette ba&#351;ar&#305;n&#305;n &#246;l&#231;&#252;s&#252; rakam de&#287;il, sab&#305;rd&#305;r. Baldwin&#8217;in ifadesiyle, elveri&#351;siz r&#252;zg&#226;rlara ra&#287;men yerini koruyabilmek de ba&#351;l&#305; ba&#351;&#305;na bir zaferdir.</p><h4>Bursa Merkez: Kilise Rotas&#305;n&#305; Kaybetmi&#351;</h4><p>Yakla&#351;&#305;k on y&#305;l &#246;nceki 1896&#8211;97 raporunda misyonerlerin dili savunma tonundayd&#305;. &#8220;Ayakta kalmak da bir zaferdir&#8221; diyorlard&#305;. 1905&#8211;06 Broussa/ Bursa Sahas&#305; Raporu&#8217;na geldi&#287;imizde ise ton bir miktar de&#287;i&#351;mi&#351; g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;yor. Bu kez &#8220;parlak ve karanl&#305;k y&#246;nler&#8221; bir arada an&#305;l&#305;yor ama genel havan&#305;n daha umutlu oldu&#287;u &#246;zellikle vurgulan&#305;yor. Yani f&#305;rt&#305;na dinmemi&#351;, fakat art&#305;k dalgalarla ya&#351;amay&#305; &#246;&#287;renmi&#351; bir misyon sahas&#305; var kar&#351;&#305;m&#305;zda.</p><p>Raporun en dikkat &#231;ekici k&#305;sm&#305;, Bursa merkez kilisesine dair yap&#305;lan de&#287;erlendirme. &#8220;Belki de Bursa hakk&#305;nda ne kadar az &#351;ey s&#246;ylesek o kadar iyi&#8221; deniyor. Kilise &#8220;vahim bi&#231;imde yanl&#305;&#351; y&#246;nlendirilmi&#351;.&#8221; &#304;yi niyetli bir kesim gemiyi d&#252;zeltmek istiyor ama somut bir ilerleme yok. &#304;&#351;ler kimsenin tam olarak kontrol edemedi&#287;i bir y&#246;ne s&#252;r&#252;kleniyor.</p><p>En b&#252;y&#252;k sorun papaz meselesi. Uygun bir papaz bulunam&#305;yor. Bulunsa bile &#231;al&#305;&#351;abilir bir zemin olup olmad&#305;&#287;&#305; &#351;&#252;pheli. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; y&#246;netim hakk&#305; birka&#231; &#8220;&#246;nde gelen adam&#8221; taraf&#305;ndan o kadar g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bi&#231;imde sahiplenilmi&#351; ki kilisenin geri kalan&#305;n&#305;n sesi neredeyse yok. Bu &#351;artlarda gelecek bir papaz lider de&#287;il, memur olacakt&#305;r.</p><p>Bu sat&#305;rlar bize &#351;unu g&#246;steriyor: 1905&#8217;te Bursa&#8217;daki Protestanl&#305;k sorunu art&#305;k yaln&#305;zca d&#305;&#351; bask&#305; de&#287;il, i&#231; b&#252;rokrasi ve g&#252;&#231; payla&#351;&#305;m&#305; haline gelmi&#351;ti. Misyonerler kaderci bir umutla bitiriyorlar bu k&#305;sm&#305;. Zaman e&#287;rileri d&#252;zeltir diyorlar. En g&#252;&#231;l&#252; b&#252;rokrasi bile er ya da ge&#231; s&#305;radan insanlar&#305;n taleplerini dikkate almak zorunda kal&#305;r.</p><h4>Band&#305;rma: &#304;ki Kilise Aras&#305;nda Kalan Gen&#231;ler</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg" width="604" height="392.2077922077922" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3RGl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7556e03f-cab7-4e2e-8161-b0aa114780ab_924x600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Band&#305;rma &#304;skelesi</figcaption></figure></div><p>Band&#305;rma&#8217;da i&#351;ler g&#246;rece iyi. Rev. Minas Salatian hizmet veriyor, e&#351;i okulun ba&#351;&#305;nda. Kilise ve okul m&#252;reffeh say&#305;l&#305;r. Fakat bir sorun var: Ortodoks kilisesine atanan yeni ruhani lider, baz&#305; gen&#231;leri geri kazanmay&#305; ba&#351;arm&#305;&#351;. Azizlerin &#351;efaati fikrini yeniden cazip h&#226;le getirmi&#351;. Yani rekabet bitmemi&#351;. Gregoryen&#8211;Evanjelik hatt&#305; h&#226;l&#226; canl&#305;.</p><p>Bir de eski bir vaiz skandal&#305; var. Mr. Morjikian y&#305;llar &#246;nce &#304;ngiltere&#8217;de &#351;apel i&#231;in 237 Sterlin toplam&#305;&#351;. Amerika&#8217;ya giderken paray&#305; bankaya b&#305;rakmas&#305; tavsiye edilmi&#351; ama ticaret yap&#305;p art&#305;rma hayaliyle yan&#305;nda g&#246;t&#252;rm&#252;&#351;. Sonunda para buhar olmu&#351;. Kendisi &#8220;masraflar&#305;m daha fazlayd&#305;, borcum yok&#8221; demi&#351;.</p><p>Rapor burada ince bir sitemle bitiyor: Hristiyan dostlar yard&#305;m toplarken paray&#305; g&#252;venilir kurumsal ellere teslim etmeli. Misyon sahas&#305;nda teolojik m&#252;cadele kadar muhasebe de &#246;nemli.</p><h4>K&#246;yler: S&#252;reklilik Meselesi</h4><p>S&#246;l&#246;z&#8217;de &#351;apel tamir izni al&#305;nm&#305;&#351;. B&#252;rokrasi zor ama &#231;&#246;z&#252;m bulunmu&#351;. Bilijik&#8217;te yeni papaz gelmi&#351; ve on d&#246;rt yeni &#252;ye kazan&#305;lm&#305;&#351;. K&#252;&#231;&#252;k ama umut verici bir art&#305;&#351;.  Murat&#231;a&#8217;da ise i&#351;ler kar&#305;&#351;&#305;k. &#214;nde gelen bir &#252;yenin &#246;l&#252;m&#252; ve para kayb&#305; kiliseyi sarsm&#305;&#351;. Okul g&#252;&#231;l&#252; ama kilise zay&#305;f. Yine klasik denge sorunu.</p><p>G&#246;lda&#287; h&#226;l&#226; vaizsiz. Evanjelik etkiyi bir gen&#231; kad&#305;n &#246;&#287;retmen temsil ediyor. Bu ayr&#305;nt&#305; &#246;nemli. Erkek ruhban&#305;n &#231;ekildi&#287;i yerde kad&#305;n &#246;&#287;retmen fig&#252;r&#252; &#246;ne &#231;&#305;k&#305;yor.</p><p>Kara&#287;a&#231; ve Arslanbe&#287;&#8217;de gen&#231;ler var, lider bekliyorlar. Gregorian papaz&#305;n&#305;n &#8220;basit bir adam&#8221; oldu&#287;u ve Protestanlara dost&#231;a davrand&#305;&#287;&#305; &#246;zellikle not d&#252;&#351;&#252;lm&#252;&#351;. Bu, sahadaki ili&#351;kilerin siyah beyaz olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;steriyor.</p><p>&#199;alkara &#246;rne&#287;i ise misyoner literat&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n klasik dersi: S&#252;reklilik &#351;art. Bir papaz gidince kurulan ba&#287;lar da&#287;&#305;l&#305;yor. &#304;nsanlar zaten Gregoryen gelene&#287;i b&#305;rakmakta zorlan&#305;rken bir de lider de&#287;i&#351;imi ya&#351;an&#305;nca arada kal&#305;yorlar.</p><h3>Ba&#287;dasaryan (&#350;ark) Yetimhanesi</h3><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/635fd8f1-cc68-4906-9951-ac4334342144_1052x701.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8233d157-a6a1-48d7-8afa-1db721ca924c_1080x720.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Bursa Do&#287;u Yetimhanesi&#8217;ni g&#246;steren Kartpostal, SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0bbf34f8-bab6-4093-acaa-7f4ce43b1627_1456x720.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Yakla&#351;&#305;k ayn&#305; d&#246;nemin bir ba&#351;ka dikkat &#231;ekici kurumu da Bursa&#8217;daki Protestan yetimhanesidir. Osmanl&#305; belgelerinde &#8220;&#350;ark Eytamhanesi&#8221; olarak an&#305;l&#305;r. &#304;lk ad&#305; Arevelyan Yetimhanesi&#8217;dir. Zamanla kurucu m&#252;d&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n ismiyle Ba&#287;dasaryan Yetimhanesi diye bilinmeye ba&#351;lanacakt&#305;r.</p><p>14 Temmuz 1875&#8217;te Evanjelist Protestanlar taraf&#305;ndan a&#231;&#305;lan bu kurumun amac&#305; Ermeni yetimlerini ve bak&#305;ma muhta&#231; k&#305;z &#231;ocuklar&#305;n&#305; yeti&#351;tirmektir. Kuruldu&#287;u yer o g&#252;nlerin Bursa&#8217;s&#305;nda &#351;ehir merkezinden uzak, Uluda&#287; eteklerinde ipek fabrikalar&#305;, ba&#287; ve bah&#231;elerle &#231;evrili, g&#246;rece &#305;ss&#305;z bir b&#246;lgedir. Bug&#252;n &#351;ehir dokusunun i&#231;inde kalan bu alan, o tarihte adeta k&#305;rsal bir s&#305;&#287;&#305;nakt&#305;r. Arsa, normalde bir M&#252;sl&#252;man vakf&#305; olan &#199;obanbey Vakf&#305;&#8217;na aittir, ancak vak&#305;ftan kiralan&#305;p &#252;zerine binalar eklenerek misyonerlerin tasarrufu alt&#305;na girmi&#351;tir. </p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5afdcb18-bd66-4e1d-b794-1f728a086fe7_1198x794.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4593a4df-86a9-45d5-ab38-236d5c68eaab_762x980.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ee99a662-52bc-4efd-9db1-2455ee7d7681_692x980.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8f8581ec-5d1a-4fc1-94c7-8c56b23f9df7_1202x844.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5906cc5a-f542-42d8-b3da-36f7c3250bc6_696x844.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Yetimhanedeki &#231;ocuklar ve hocalar, Basel Misyon Ar&#351;ivi&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/679a77e6-ccfd-46c2-b080-5418e6c80413_1456x1210.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Kurucu m&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; Ba&#287;dasaryan &#252;stlenir. 1901&#8217;e gelindi&#287;inde yetimhane b&#252;nyesinde Ermeni, Rum, Yahudi ve Avrupal&#305; &#231;ocuklardan olu&#351;an yakla&#351;&#305;k bin ki&#351;ilik bir n&#252;fus bulundu&#287;u kaydedilmektedir. Bu rakam, kurumun &#246;l&#231;e&#287;ini g&#246;stermesi bak&#305;m&#305;ndan &#231;arp&#305;c&#305;d&#305;r. Art&#305;k yaln&#305;zca bir Ermeni Protestan yetimhanesi de&#287;il, &#231;ok unsurlu bir sosyal kurum s&#246;z konusudur. Kurum b&#252;nyesinde k&#252;&#231;&#252;k ya&#351;taki &#231;ocuklar i&#231;in &#252;cretli bir okul da a&#231;&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png" width="1386" height="726" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:726,&quot;width&quot;:1386,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:850524,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ianb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3efa2f9-ad79-4a42-9a39-b510ed4da936_1386x726.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Biraz hayali olsa da yetimhane binas&#305;n&#305; g&#246;steren grav&#252;r, Basel Misyon Ar&#351;ivi</figcaption></figure></div><p>Fakat bu yap&#305; kendi ayaklar&#305; &#252;zerinde duran g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir vak&#305;f de&#287;ildir. M&#252;stakil bir gelir kayna&#287;&#305; yoktur. Masraflar hay&#305;rsever ba&#287;&#305;&#351;lar&#305; ve Kimi zaman takvim sat&#305;&#351;lar&#305;ndan elde edilen gelirle kar&#351;&#305;lan&#305;r. Bu ayr&#305;nt&#305; &#246;nemli. Protestan misyonu Bursa&#8217;da yaln&#305;zca tebli&#287;le de&#287;il, takvim satarak da ayakta kalmaktad&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2957898,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xD0f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1534a8c-d772-4b70-b9c7-5f627212dbd8_1536x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda Mollaarap Okulu olarak kullan&#305;l&#305;rken Yetimhane binas&#305;, Anonim</figcaption></figure></div><p>Birinci D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305; y&#305;llar&#305;nda kurumun varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; koruyabilmesi ise Almanya ba&#287;lant&#305;l&#305; Protestan &#231;evreler sayesinde m&#252;mk&#252;n olur. 1914&#8211;1918 aras&#305;nda imparatorlu&#287;un &#231;alkant&#305;l&#305; ortam&#305;nda ayakta kalabilen bu yap&#305;, 1923&#8217;te vakf&#305;n Bursa&#8217;y&#305; terk etmesinden sonra farkl&#305; bir evreye girer. Bina okul olarak kullan&#305;lmaya ba&#351;lan&#305;r. G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde ise yerinde Milli E&#287;itim lojmanlar&#305; bulunmaktad&#305;r. Mek&#226;n de&#287;i&#351;mi&#351;, haf&#305;za ise b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de silinmi&#351;tir.</p><p>Bu noktada ilgin&#231; bir katman daha devreye girer. Baz&#305; yerel anlat&#305;lara g&#246;re 1310&#8217;larda Bursa Ku&#351;atmas&#305; s&#305;ras&#305;nda Balabanc&#305;k Hisar&#305; bu b&#246;lgede in&#351;a edilmi&#351;tir. Hatta bu iddia zamanla &#8220;Osmanl&#305; T&#252;rklerinin ilk yapt&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305; yap&#305;&#8221; &#351;eklinde dola&#351;&#305;ma sokulmu&#351;, milli k&#252;lt&#252;rel miras s&#246;ylemine eklemlenmi&#351;tir. Erken Osmanl&#305; d&#246;nemine dair kaynaklar son derece s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; olmas&#305;na ra&#287;men, yap&#305;lan ara&#351;t&#305;rmalarda bu b&#246;lgedeki hisar&#305;n neye benzedi&#287;ini az &#231;ok bilmekteyiz.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg" width="492" height="328" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:750,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:492,&quot;bytes&quot;:131402,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7V3B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39e0aac2-7d27-499b-bd7b-b188ede67057_750x500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zdeki Hali</figcaption></figure></div><p>2010&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda kalenin asl&#305;na uygunlu&#287;u tart&#305;&#351;mal&#305; bir duvar&#305; yeniden in&#351;a edilmi&#351;tir. B&#246;ylece Protestan yetimhanesinin bulundu&#287;u alan, bir y&#252;zy&#305;l i&#231;inde iki farkl&#305; haf&#305;za siyasetine sahne olmu&#351;tur. &#214;nce Evanjelik bir hay&#305;r kurumu, ard&#305;ndan milli bir kurulu&#351; efsanesi.</p><h3>Misyonerlerin Ticari Y&#252;z&#252;: &#350;afak Ma&#287;azas&#305;</h3><p>Misyonerlik faaliyetleri denildi&#287;inde akla genellikle vaaz k&#252;rs&#252;s&#252;, okul s&#305;ralar&#305; ya da yetimhane ko&#287;u&#351;lar&#305; gelir. Oysa Bursa&#8217;da Protestan varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n bir de d&#252;kk&#226;n cephesi vard&#305;: &#350;afak Ma&#287;azas&#305;.</p><p>Ma&#287;azan&#305;n ilk sahibi M&#305;g&#305;rdi&#231; &#350;ahang&#246;ryan&#8217;d&#305;r. Ad&#305;na 1890&#8217;l&#305; y&#305;llara ait &#350;ark Ticaret Y&#305;ll&#305;klar&#305;&#8217;nda rastl&#305;yoruz. Bu y&#305;ll&#305;klarda verilen reklam ilanlar&#305;, ma&#287;azan&#305;n 1870&#8217;de kuruldu&#287;unu; sat&#305;lan mallar&#305;n kuma&#351;, &#231;orap ve &#231;e&#351;itli h&#305;rdavat &#252;r&#252;nleri oldu&#287;unu g&#246;steriyor. &#304;lk bak&#305;&#351;ta s&#305;radan bir ticari i&#351;letme. Fakat konumu tesad&#252;f de&#287;il. Nuriye Oteli ile Protestan Kilisesi&#8217;nin tam aras&#305;nda.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png" width="444" height="233.4308943089431" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:388,&quot;width&quot;:738,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:444,&quot;bytes&quot;:340357,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3f2fdc6-3db0-4db0-a521-b129091f7b4e_738x388.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eE_X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdda6f97-7ae5-480e-9579-595d73e31610_738x388.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Ma&#287;azaya ait Frans&#305;zca reklam ilan&#305;, &#350;ark Ticaret Y&#305;ll&#305;klar&#305;, SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma </figcaption></figure></div><p>1906 civar&#305;nda ma&#287;aza Bursa&#8217;daki Amerikan Protestan cemaatinin m&#252;lkiyetine ge&#231;iyor. Art&#305;k s&#305;radan bir ticarethane de&#287;il, cemaat ba&#287;lant&#305;l&#305; bir i&#351;letme s&#246;z konusu. Rahip Baldwin&#8217;in Bursa Ticaret Odas&#305;&#8217;na ba&#351;vurarak ma&#287;azay&#305; i&#351;letmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; beyan etmesi ise i&#351;in ba&#351;ka bir boyutunu a&#231;&#305;&#287;a &#231;&#305;kar&#305;yor. Oda, y&#246;netmelik gere&#287;i bir din adam&#305;n&#305;n ticaretle i&#351;tigal edemeyece&#287;ini belirterek ba&#351;vuruyu reddediyor. Yani vaiz k&#252;rs&#252;s&#252;nden tezg&#226;h ba&#351;&#305;na ge&#231;mek o kadar da kolay de&#287;il. Bu k&#252;&#231;&#252;k kriz, misyonerlik ile ticaret aras&#305;ndaki s&#305;n&#305;r&#305;n ne kadar ge&#231;irgen oldu&#287;unu g&#246;steriyor.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png" width="462" height="420.2844243792325" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BKn0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36551be7-499f-4fe1-88cf-7f2053bb75a5_886x806.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#350;afak Ma&#287;azas&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n Osmanl&#305;ca, Ermenice ve Frans&#305;zca olarak isminin yazd&#305;&#287;&#305; antet, SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma</figcaption></figure></div><p>Kas&#305;m 1910 tarihli bir belge daha da ilgin&#231;. Bursa Protestan Cemaati ar&#351;ivinde bulunan ve ma&#287;azan&#305;n antetini ta&#351;&#305;yan bir yaz&#305;&#351;mada, &#304;stanbul&#8217;dan 80 adet &#8220;Royal School Primer&#8221; talep ediliyor. Her biri 1 kuru&#351;. &#220;cretin hesap defterine kaydedilmesi &#246;zellikle not d&#252;&#351;&#252;lm&#252;&#351;. Belge d&#246;nemin Bursa rahibi Dingilyan&#8217;&#305;n imzas&#305;n&#305; ta&#351;&#305;yor.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e4c989fe-eff3-4781-8ebe-6f0c79154565_4797x5971.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0e54010a-7085-4e53-84c5-5ae6c983cd34_4614x6026.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c9ec80f9-0938-4fda-9839-e019bcdc67fd_4856x6248.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d24f552c-c9be-4191-bdec-8e159d49114b_4632x6030.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Ma&#287;azaya ait Ermenice hesap i&#351;leri ve yaz&#305;&#351;malar,  SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e90e12cb-f78a-4d98-9a07-757f9df38299_1456x1456.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Bu ayr&#305;nt&#305; iki &#351;eyi g&#246;steriyor. Birincisi, ma&#287;aza yaln&#305;zca kuma&#351; ve &#231;orap satm&#305;yor. E&#287;itim materyali tedarik ediyor. &#304;kincisi, ticari faaliyet ile cemaat e&#287;itimi i&#231; i&#231;e ge&#231;mi&#351; durumda. Okul kitab&#305;, d&#252;kk&#226;n raf&#305;ndan ge&#231;iyor.</p><p>Ar&#351;ivde yer alan Ermeni harfli T&#252;rk&#231;e bir Protestan &#304;ncili ise ba&#351;ka bir kap&#305; aral&#305;yor. Bu &#304;ncil&#8217;in ma&#287;azada sat&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; kuvvetle muhtemel. B&#246;ylece &#350;afak Ma&#287;azas&#305;, bir t&#252;r mikro da&#287;&#305;t&#305;m merkezi haline geliyor. Kuma&#351;la birlikte metin, &#231;orapla birlikte doktrin dola&#351;&#305;ma giriyor.</p><p>Burada durup d&#252;&#351;&#252;nmek gerekiyor. Bursa&#8217;daki Protestan misyonu yaln&#305;zca kilise ve okul &#252;zerinden i&#351;lemiyor. Ayn&#305; zamanda her yerde yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; biri bir ticari a&#287; kuruyor. Ma&#287;aza, cemaatle &#351;ehir aras&#305;nda bir temas noktas&#305;. Hem g&#252;ndelik hayat&#305;n par&#231;as&#305;, hem de inan&#231; aktar&#305;m&#305;n&#305;n arac&#305;.</p><h3>Amerikan K&#305;z ve Erkek Koleji</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png" width="622" height="444.13536379018615" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b54O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1bacb6f-649f-4256-91cf-e3b50e488789_1182x844.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda K&#305;z Lisesi olarak kullan&#305;l&#305;rken Muradiye/ Demirkap&#305;&#8217;daki Amerikan Koleji binas&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><p>1905 y&#305;l&#305;nda Bursa&#8217;daki misyonerler k&#305;z okulunun gelece&#287;ini tart&#305;&#351;&#305;rken asl&#305;nda yaln&#305;z bir bina meselesini konu&#351;muyorlard&#305;. &#350;ehrin neresinde duracaklar&#305;n&#305;, kime ne kadar yak&#305;n olacaklar&#305;n&#305;, hangi mahalleyle temas kuracaklar&#305;n&#305; hesap ediyorlard&#305;. Kaya Ba&#351;&#305; m&#305;, Setba&#351;&#305; m&#305;? Biri manzaral&#305;, ferah ama &#351;ehir merkezinden uzak. Di&#287;eri kalabal&#305;&#287;&#305;n, kilisenin, postanenin, h&#252;k&#252;met kona&#287;&#305;n&#305;n yan&#305; ba&#351;&#305;nda. Sonunda merkezde kalmaya karar verdiler. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; okul yaln&#305;z ders verilen bir yer de&#287;il, g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;rl&#252;k demekti.</p><p>O okul 1879&#8217;da Muradiye&#8217;de kurulmu&#351;tu. Amerikan Protestan K&#305;z Okulu. Ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta m&#252;tevaz&#305; bir giri&#351;imdi ama 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ba&#351;&#305;nda Bayan J. Jillson&#8217;&#305;n enerjisiyle ciddi bir ivme kazand&#305;. &#214;&#287;renci say&#305;s&#305; 160&#8217;lara ula&#351;t&#305;. O d&#246;nemin Bursa&#8217;s&#305;nda bu az&#305;msanacak bir rakam de&#287;ildi.</p><p>1912 tarihli bir &#246;&#287;rencinin ikinci s&#246;mestr karnesine bakt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;zda okulun iddias&#305;n&#305; daha iyi anl&#305;yorsunuz. Cebir, aritmetik, geometri&#8230; Yetmiyor, astronomi var. Botanik var. Fizik var. Co&#287;rafya ve tarih zaten olmazsa olmaz. Dil dersleri ise ayr&#305; bir d&#252;nya: Rumca ya da Ermenice, &#304;ngilizce ve &#231;o&#287;unlu&#287;un tercih etti&#287;i Frans&#305;zca. Bu tablo bir misyon okulundan &#231;ok modern bir fen lisesini and&#305;r&#305;yor. Ama mesele tam da buydu. &#304;nan&#231; aktar&#305;m&#305; art&#305;k do&#287;rudan vaazla de&#287;il, e&#287;itimle y&#252;r&#252;yordu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg" width="400" height="601.3736263736264" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zplp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f501080-ddc3-4005-a906-0115a6b6936c_2019x3036.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Mevzubahis Karne</figcaption></figure></div><p>1905&#8217;te haz&#305;rlanan raporlarda okulun merkezde kalmas&#305; gerekti&#287;i &#246;zellikle vurgulan&#305;r. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; &#246;&#287;renci profili de&#287;i&#351;meye ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Ermeni ve Rum k&#305;zlar&#305;n yan&#305; s&#305;ra T&#252;rk ve Yahudi &#246;&#287;renciler de kaydolmaktad&#305;r. Okul, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n etnik s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305;n&#305; a&#351;an bir cazibe merkezi h&#226;line gelmektedir. Ta&#351;&#305;nmak, bu ivmeyi k&#305;rmak demektir.</p><p>Aradan yirmi y&#305;l ge&#231;er. &#304;mparatorluk &#231;&#246;km&#252;&#351;, Cumhuriyet ilan edilmi&#351;tir. 1924&#8211;1925 &#246;&#287;retim y&#305;l&#305; raporunu okudu&#287;unuzda dilin de&#287;i&#351;ti&#287;ini hemen fark edersiniz. Art&#305;k vurgu a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a &#8220;T&#252;rk k&#305;zlar&#305;n&#305;n ihtiya&#231;lar&#305;&#8221; &#252;zerinedir. Program ulusal m&#252;fredata uyumlu h&#226;le getirilmi&#351;tir. Yedi y&#305;ll&#305;k tam T&#252;rk&#231;e program uygulanmaktad&#305;r. 11. s&#305;n&#305;fa kadar uzanan bir yap&#305; kurulmu&#351;tur. T&#252;rk Edebiyat&#305;, ileri matematik, co&#287;rafya, tarih T&#252;rk&#231;e okutulmaktad&#305;r. &#304;ngilizce ve Frans&#305;zca dersleri devam eder ama merkez art&#305;k T&#252;rk&#231;edir.</p><p>Bu y&#305;l okulda 100 &#246;&#287;renci vard&#305;r. 88&#8217;i k&#305;z, 12&#8217;si erkek ve erkekler alt s&#305;n&#305;flardad&#305;r. 35 yat&#305;l&#305;, 67 g&#252;nd&#252;zl&#252; &#246;&#287;renci vard&#305;r. Bir &#246;nceki y&#305;l 50 olan say&#305; iki kat&#305;na &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. &#214;&#287;retmen kadrosu da dikkat &#231;ekicidir. Bursa Lisesi&#8217;nden bir T&#252;rk Edebiyat profes&#246;r&#252; gelir. Erkek Normal Okulu&#8217;ndan co&#287;rafya ve tarih hocas&#305; ders verir. &#220;&#231; T&#252;rk han&#305;m &#246;&#287;retmen g&#246;rev yapar. &#304;ngilizce derslerinde Amerikal&#305; ve &#304;ngiliz &#246;&#287;retmenler vard&#305;r. Frans&#305;zca&#8217;y&#305; bir Suriyeli &#246;&#287;retmen okutmaktad&#305;r. Bu art&#305;k kapal&#305; bir misyon okulu de&#287;il, karma bir e&#287;itim kurumu g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;s&#252;ndedir.</p><p>Spor kul&#252;pleri, halk danslar&#305;, &#246;z-y&#246;netim uygulamalar&#305;, hatta Shakespeare&#8217;in &#8220;As You Like It&#8221; adl&#305; eserinin T&#252;rk&#231;eye &#231;evrilip sahnelenmesi&#8230; Okul, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in modernle&#351;me atmosferine ayak uydurmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;maktad&#305;r. Fakat ayn&#305; rapor, bir ikilemi de a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a ortaya koyar. Sedba&#351;&#305;&#8217;ndaki okul kapat&#305;lmal&#305; m&#305;d&#305;r? &#304;ki zay&#305;f okul mu s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lecektir, yoksa biri g&#252;&#231;lendirilip di&#287;eri mi b&#305;rak&#305;lacakt&#305;r? Kaynaklar s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305;d&#305;r. M&#252;lteci krizi sona ermi&#351;, &#252;cretsiz &#246;&#287;renci d&#246;nemi bitmi&#351;tir. Art&#305;k hesap zaman&#305; gelmi&#351;tir.</p><p>Ve sonra 1927. M&#252;sl&#252;man k&#305;z &#246;&#287;rencilerin din de&#287;i&#351;tirdi&#287;ine dair iddialar yay&#305;l&#305;r. Soru&#351;turma a&#231;&#305;l&#305;r. Miss Sanderson ve Miss Day Hristiyanl&#305;k propagandas&#305; yapmakla su&#231;lu bulunur. Olay yaln&#305;z bir okul meselesi olmaktan &#231;&#305;kar, diplomatik krize d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;r. T&#252;rkiye ile ABD aras&#305;nda gerilim ya&#351;an&#305;r. Sonu&#231; nettir: Bursa&#8217;da faaliyet g&#246;steren yabanc&#305; okul kalmaz. Yakla&#351;&#305;k yar&#305;m as&#305;rl&#305;k bir hik&#226;ye b&#246;ylece kapan&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png" width="1456" height="721" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:721,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2616341,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RNdQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F724a1440-3a9e-425d-9991-cd97690299f1_1494x740.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Amerikan K&#305;z Koleji hocalar&#305; Bursa&#8217;da yarg&#305;lan&#305;yor</figcaption></figure></div><p>Mustafa Kemal Atat&#252;rk&#8217;&#252;n &#246;zel iste&#287;iyle okul binas&#305; T&#252;rk E&#287;itim Derne&#287;i taraf&#305;ndan sat&#305;n al&#305;n&#305;r ve burada Bursa K&#305;z Lisesi a&#231;&#305;l&#305;r. 1948&#8217;den sonra daha eski bir e&#287;itim kurumu olan K&#305;z Muallim Mektebi bu binaya ta&#351;&#305;n&#305;r. 1979&#8217;da o da kapan&#305;r. &#304;lk yap&#305; ise g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;ze ula&#351;maz. B&#252;y&#252;k olas&#305;l&#305;kla 1950&#8217;lerde y&#305;k&#305;l&#305;r ve yerine bug&#252;nk&#252; betonarme bina yap&#305;l&#305;r. Bu bina da g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde Turizm ve Otelcilik Uygulama Oteli olarak kullan&#305;l&#305;yor. Oysa ilk bina tipik Bursa mimarisi &#246;zellikleri ta&#351;&#305;yan, &#252;&#231; katl&#305;, &#231;at&#305; kat&#305; bulunan, ah&#351;ap iskeletli ve ate&#351; tu&#287;las&#305; dolgulu bir yap&#305;yd&#305;. </p><p>Ne yaz&#305;k ki bu bina meselesi tam bir tarih&#238; kar&#305;&#351;&#305;kl&#305;k &#246;rne&#287;ine d&#246;n&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351; durumda. Amerikan Protestan K&#305;z Okulu&#8217;nun ger&#231;ek yap&#305;s&#305;, ilk foto&#287;rafta g&#246;r&#252;len, tipik Bursa sivil mimarisi &#246;zellikleri ta&#351;&#305;yan ah&#351;ap karkasl&#305; binad&#305;r. Ancak Bursa&#8217;y&#305; yerinde bilmeyen baz&#305; ara&#351;t&#305;rmac&#305;lar, &#304;brahimpa&#351;a Mahallesi&#8217;ndeki &#304;nas Mektebi binas&#305;n&#305; bu kolej yap&#305;s&#305; sanarak kullanm&#305;&#351;lard&#305;r. Hata makalelerden kitap kapaklar&#305;na kadar ta&#351;&#305;nm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg" width="286" height="450.45" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:315,&quot;width&quot;:200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:286,&quot;bytes&quot;:13534,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Cae!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763620b-1830-4a26-abee-8571d529c58d_200x315.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Arkaplanda &#304;nas Mektebi kullan&#305;lm&#305;&#351;.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Dahas&#305; var. Bursa B&#252;y&#252;k&#351;ehir Belediyesi&#8217;nin 2012 tarihli bir yay&#305;nda Ankara&#8217;daki II. Meclis binas&#305;n&#305; Bursa K&#305;z Lisesi olarak kullanmas&#305;, i&#351;i art&#305;k basit bir yan&#305;lg&#305;n&#305;n &#246;tesine ta&#351;&#305;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Ta&#351; malzemeli erken Cumhuriyet d&#246;nemi Ankara yap&#305;s&#305;n&#305;, ah&#351;ap a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;kl&#305; Bursa okul binas&#305; yerine koymak, en hafif ifadeyle &#246;zensizliktir. Bursa&#8217;da b&#246;yle bir yap&#305; hi&#231;bir zaman olmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg" width="362" height="340.30283911671927" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:596,&quot;width&quot;:634,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:362,&quot;bytes&quot;:117985,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tliR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf74771c-c3aa-488c-a063-db40c300e4b1_634x596.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sorun yaln&#305;z yanl&#305;&#351; bir foto&#287;raf de&#287;il; kentin mek&#226;nsal haf&#305;zas&#305;na kar&#351;&#305; g&#246;sterilen dikkatsizliktir. Bursa&#8217;y&#305; g&#246;rmeden Bursa tarihi yazman&#305;n bedeli tam da budur.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg" width="322" height="323.1459074733096" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:846,&quot;width&quot;:843,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:322,&quot;bytes&quot;:92670,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Leoe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5af46f8-1a06-470c-a4c8-6d69d828e3b7_843x846.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Uydurma bilgilerin memba&#305; olan Facebook&#8217;ta dola&#351;an bir payla&#351;&#305;mda okul binas&#305; yine yanl&#305;&#351; verilmi&#351;.</figcaption></figure></div><h3>Setba&#351;&#305; Protestan Kilisesi Neredeydi?</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png" width="1456" height="619" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:619,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1813824,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KFey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f1c7936-3163-4e28-ac3b-42c3dd89e2dd_1956x832.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1880&#8217;li y&#305;llarda Abdullah Biraderler taraf&#305;ndan &#231;ekilmi&#351; bir panaroma foto&#287;rafta kilise net &#351;ekilde g&#246;z&#252;k&#252;r.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Yaz&#305;n&#305;n ba&#351;&#305;nda 1848&#8217;de misyon taraf&#305;ndan Setba&#351;&#305;&#8217;nda bir kilise in&#351;a edildi&#287;ini belirtmi&#351;tik. Bu bilgi hem Subhi Bey Haritas&#305;&#8217;nda hem de Frans&#305;zca <em>Plan G&#233;n&#233;ral de Brousse</em> haritas&#305;nda a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a sabittir. Yani yer tart&#305;&#351;mal&#305; de&#287;ildir. Buna ra&#287;men yap&#305; s&#305;k s&#305;k Hocaalizade&#8217;de halk aras&#305;nda &#8220;Sar&#305; Kilise&#8221; ya da &#8220;Frans&#305;z Kilisesi&#8221; diye bilinen, 1880 tarihli Latin-Katolik Kilisesi ile kar&#305;&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lmaktad&#305;r. Oysa iki yap&#305; hem mezhepsel olarak hem de konum itibar&#305;yla tamamen farkl&#305;d&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png" width="1276" height="942" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:942,&quot;width&quot;:1276,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2436075,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DUIJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbda124db-d24a-4d06-8640-0ff428f40c85_1276x942.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1892 tarihli Setba&#351;&#305; foto&#287;raf&#305;nda &#246;nde Frans&#305;z Konsolhanesi, arkada i&#351;aretli olan da Kilise binas&#305;d&#305;r.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Protestan misyonerler 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ortalar&#305;nda Bursa&#8217;da faaliyete ba&#351;lad&#305;ktan k&#305;sa s&#252;re sonra, 1848&#8217;de Setba&#351;&#305;&#8217;nda kendi kiliselerini kurmu&#351;lard&#305;. Buras&#305; tesad&#252;fi bir tercih de&#287;ildi. Setba&#351;&#305; d&#246;nemin en canl&#305; b&#246;lgelerinden biriydi; kahvehaneler, gazinolar, ticaret ve sosyal hayat i&#231; i&#231;eydi. Misyonerler, din&#238; ve ahlaki sohbetlerini &#351;ehrin kenar&#305;nda de&#287;il, tam merkezinde y&#252;r&#252;tmeyi tercih etmi&#351;lerdi. Kilise k&#305;sa s&#252;rede &#246;zellikle Ermeni cemaate y&#246;nelik toplant&#305;lar&#305;n yap&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; bir merkez h&#226;line geldi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png" width="502" height="450.430176565008" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/db692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1118,&quot;width&quot;:1246,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:502,&quot;bytes&quot;:1958845,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/189346293?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TdaY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb692c89-8697-402c-a82e-2e0cef401987_1246x1118.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1862&#8217;de yay&#305;mlanan Suphi Bey Haritas&#305;&#8217;nda Osmanl&#305;ca olarak yaz&#305;lm&#305;&#351; &#8220;Protestan Kilisesi&#8221; ifadesi net &#351;ekilde okunuyor.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Yap&#305; sade bir cephe d&#252;zenine ve k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir &#231;an kulesine sahipti. G&#246;steri&#351;li de&#287;ildi ama i&#351;levseldi. Tipik Amerikan misyoner mimarisinin Bursa&#8217;daki &#246;rne&#287;iydi. &#304;&#231;inde bulundu&#287;u kompleks 1908 sonras&#305;nda Protestan Erkek Okulu olarak kullan&#305;lmaya ba&#351;land&#305;. Yani ibadet mek&#226;n&#305; ayn&#305; zamanda e&#287;itim mek&#226;n&#305;na d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><p>I. D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305; s&#305;ras&#305;nda faaliyetler durduruldu. Ard&#305;ndan m&#252;lkiyet Milli Emlak&#8217;a ge&#231;ti. Cumhuriyet&#8217;in ilan&#305;ndan sonra bina Ak&#305;n &#304;dman Yurdu&#8217;na tahsis edilerek bir s&#252;re spor salonu olarak kullan&#305;ld&#305;. Bir kilisenin spor salonuna d&#246;n&#252;&#351;mesi, d&#246;nemin d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m h&#305;z&#305;n&#305; anlatmaya yeter.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png" width="622" height="446.89464594127804" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DtfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa13394d-54b4-4f00-9e7c-a773d5e14251_1158x832.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llara ait Bursa Kadastro Haritas&#305;&#8217;nda kilise arsas&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><p>1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda Atat&#252;rk Caddesi geni&#351;letilirken yap&#305; y&#305;k&#305;ld&#305;. Y&#305;k&#305;m s&#305;ras&#305;nda temellerin alt&#305;ndan bir &#8220;ma&#287;ara&#8221; ve k&#305;sa bir t&#252;nel &#231;&#305;kt&#305;&#287;&#305; s&#246;ylentisi yay&#305;ld&#305;. Bursa&#8217;da bir anda gizli ge&#231;itler ve defineler konu&#351;ulmaya ba&#351;land&#305;. Ancak belediyenin yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; teknik inceleme sonucu &#8220;ma&#287;ara&#8221; denilen yerin bodrum kattaki bir oda oldu&#287;u, t&#252;nelin ise birka&#231; metrelik, i&#231;i toprakla dolu dar bir ge&#231;itten ibaret oldu&#287;u anla&#351;&#305;ld&#305;. Ortaya &#231;&#305;kan tek somut buluntu bir bak&#305;r boruydu. Hazine yoktu, gizli ge&#231;it yoktu. Bug&#252;n o noktada &#214;zer-Emre &#304;&#351; Merkezi bulunuyor. </p><h3>Kapan&#305;&#351;</h3><p>Sonu&#231; olarak, Bursa&#8217;da 1830&#8217;larda ev toplant&#305;lar&#305;yla ba&#351;layan ilk misyon faaliyetleri, k&#305;sa s&#252;rede ruhban s&#305;n&#305;f&#305;yla sert bir rekabete d&#246;n&#252;&#351;en uzun soluklu bir inan&#231; ve otorite m&#252;cadelesine evrildi.</p><p>1848&#8217;de Setba&#351;&#305;&#8217;nda kurulan Protestan Kilisesi, &#351;ehrin en canl&#305; noktas&#305;nda din&#238; sohbetten e&#287;itime uzanan faaliyetlerin merkezi olurken, zamanla spor salonuna d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;p haf&#305;zadan silinen bir yap&#305;ya d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><p>1879&#8217;da Muradiye&#8217;de a&#231;&#305;lan Amerikan Protestan K&#305;z Okulu, cebirden astronomiye uzanan modern m&#252;fredat&#305;yla Bursa&#8217;da yeni bir kad&#305;n e&#287;itimi vizyonu sundu, fakat 1927&#8217;deki krizle kapat&#305;larak yerini Cumhuriyet&#8217;in e&#287;itim kurumlar&#305;na b&#305;rakt&#305;.</p><p>1875&#8217;te Uluda&#287; eteklerinde kurulan Arevelyan, yani Ba&#287;dasaryan Yetimhanesi ise ba&#287;&#305;&#351;lar ve takvim sat&#305;&#351;lar&#305;yla ayakta duran &#231;ok unsurlu bir hay&#305;r kurumu olarak varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#252;rd&#252;rd&#252;, sava&#351; y&#305;llar&#305;n&#305; atlatt&#305; ve sonunda mek&#226;n&#305; ba&#351;ka bir kamusal i&#351;leve devrederek tarihe kar&#305;&#351;t&#305;.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>Kaynak&#231;a:</p><p>ARIT American Board Ar&#351;ivi / SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma</p><p>&#214;nal, Muhsin. &#8220;Amerikan Board Kay&#305;tlar&#305;na G&#246;re Bursa&#8217;da Papaz D&#246;v&#252;&#351;&#252;: Amerikal&#305; Misyonerlerle Yerli Ruhban S&#305;n&#305;f&#305;n&#305;n &#304;ktidar M&#252;cadelesi (1832&#8211;1860).&#8221; <em>Uluda&#287; &#220;niversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fak&#252;ltesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi</em> 14, no. 25 (2013): 307&#8211;326. <a href="https://izlik.org/JA87ZG79XG">https://izlik.org/JA87ZG79XG</a>.</p><p>Faruk Uskudar&#238;, <em>Eski Bursa&#8217;dan Notlar</em> (Bursa: Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas&#305;, 1972), 67</p></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bir Fabrika, İki Sanayici: Marcel Romangalle ve Faik Yılmazipek ]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#304;ki Ailenin Bursa'da Kesi&#351;en Hikayesi]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bir-fabrika-iki-sanayici-marcel-romangalle</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bir-fabrika-iki-sanayici-marcel-romangalle</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2026 07:54:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/afdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:269771,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/186763314?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!141t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fafdfd020-d786-4b02-9036-66d7bc4e321c_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Fabrikan&#305;n Kurulu&#351; &#214;yk&#252;s&#252;</strong></h3><p>Muradiye/ &#199;&#305;nar&#246;n&#252;&#8217;ndeki fabrika alan&#305;, Bursa ipek sanayisinin katmanl&#305; belle&#287;idir. Daha &#246;nce <a href="https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/p/kimdir-bu-madam-brot">Madam Brotte</a> &#252;zerine kaleme ald&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z yaz&#305;da da belirtildi&#287;i &#252;zere, bu alan 1853 y&#305;l&#305;nda Gamet ve Brotte aileleri taraf&#305;ndan kurulmu&#351;, 1862 tarihli haritada g&#246;r&#252;len ilk manc&#305;n&#305;khanelerle erken sanayile&#351;menin m&#252;tevaz&#305; fakat iddial&#305; ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;lar&#305;ndan birine sahne olmu&#351;tur. Bursa&#8217;da kurulan ilk &#252;&#231; buhar g&#252;c&#252;yle &#231;al&#305;&#351;an fabrikadan biri olan bu tesis, kentin geleneksel ipek &#252;retimini modern end&#252;striyel d&#252;zleme ta&#351;&#305;yan &#246;nc&#252; mek&#226;nlardan biriydi. Ayn&#305; y&#305;l Bursa&#8217;y&#305; ziyaret eden <strong>Alfred de Moustier</strong>&#8217;nin &#231;ekti&#287;i foto&#287;raflar ise, bu yap&#305;lar&#305;n g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;ze ula&#351;an en erken g&#246;rsel tan&#305;kl&#305;klar&#305;d&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg" width="728" height="566.5" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26GQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a5107d-549e-406e-9a53-a8fc4e94d23e_1558x1212.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1862 Tarihli de Moustier&#8217;in &#231;ekti&#287;i fabrikalar, tam kar&#351;&#305;da Muradiye Camisi g&#246;z&#252;k&#252;yor.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Gamet ve Brotte ailelerinin &#246;nc&#252;l&#252;&#287;&#252;nde geli&#351;en &#252;retim sahas&#305;, 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ilk yar&#305;s&#305;nda Romangalle d&#246;neminde yeni bir d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m s&#252;recine girmi&#351;tir. 1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda y&#305;k&#305;larak yeniden in&#351;a edilen kargir manc&#305;n&#305;khaneler, &#252;retimin hem &#246;l&#231;ek hem de teknik kapasite bak&#305;m&#305;ndan b&#252;y&#252;d&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; g&#246;stermektedir. Ah&#351;ap iskeletli, kerpi&#231; ve tu&#287;la dolgulu kozakl&#305;k yap&#305;lar&#305; ise, ipekb&#246;ce&#287;inin son derece hassas ya&#351;am d&#246;ng&#252;s&#252;ne g&#246;re bi&#231;imlendirilmi&#351;, &#252;retim s&#252;recinin biyolojik ritmiyle mimari d&#252;zeni bulu&#351;turmu&#351;tur. Kire&#231;le beyazlat&#305;lm&#305;&#351; duvarlar, hijyenin, disiplinin ve end&#252;striyel rasyonelli&#287;in mek&#226;na yans&#305;m&#305;&#351; h&#226;liydi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png" width="728" height="580.7407407407408" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NV6x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2611a7df-ff43-445b-aba6-1f40b7b9ab8e_1404x1120.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1862 Tarihinde yay&#305;mlanan Suphi Bey Haritas&#305;&#8217;nda ipek fabrikalar&#305;, SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Ar&#351;ivi</figcaption></figure></div><p>Bug&#252;n b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de &#231;&#246;km&#252;&#351; durumda bulunan kozakl&#305;klar, art&#305;k yaln&#305;zca eski foto&#287;raflarda, tez sayfalar&#305;nda ve ar&#351;iv belgelerinde ya&#351;amaktad&#305;r. Buna ra&#287;men alan h&#226;l&#226; konu&#351;ur. Yerdeki ta&#351;lar, yar&#305;m kalm&#305;&#351; duvarlar, is lekeleri ve pasl&#305; demir par&#231;alar&#305;, ge&#231;mi&#351;in &#252;retim temposunu sessizce f&#305;s&#305;ldar. Her biri, kozan&#305;n ipli&#287;e, eme&#287;in de&#287;ere d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;&#287;&#252; bir zaman&#305;n izlerini ta&#351;&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UuK7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e2878a-9a2c-4e01-a58f-3a4c9a339ead_1200x1600.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UuK7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23e2878a-9a2c-4e01-a58f-3a4c9a339ead_1200x1600.jpeg 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1892 tarihli Plan General de Brousse ba&#351;l&#305;kl&#305; haritada fabrikalar&#305;n Brotte ve Gamet ailelerine ait oldu&#287;u net &#351;ekilde g&#246;z&#252;k&#252;yor, ayr&#305;ca bug&#252;n ikonik olan k&#305;rm&#305;z&#305; ate&#351; tu&#287;lal&#305; m&#252;&#351;temilat hen&#252;z in&#351;a edilmemi&#351;.</figcaption></figure></div><p>&#350;imdi gelin, Bursa&#8217;da g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;ze ula&#351;abilmi&#351; say&#305;l&#305; ipek fabrikalar&#305;ndan biri olan, restorasyonu ve kentin yeni cazibe merkezi olmas&#305; g&#252;ndemde olan bu yap&#305;lar toplulu&#287;unun ard&#305;ndaki iki sahibin giri&#351;imlerin ve hayatlar&#305;n Bursa&#8217;da kesi&#351;en hik&#226;yesine birlikte kulak verelim.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98328a1c-c50b-4b84-8d09-56344fa5fe40_1284x910.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ea32d715-c2ce-4f27-8cc8-ee2d11591cae_1224x830.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;1930'lu y&#305;llara ait kartpostallarda fabrika alan&#305;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f302c107-5f67-46f8-aab3-c1f9bebc95ff_1456x720.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><h3>Marcel <em>Louis Stanislas </em>Romangalle: Uzak Bir Frans&#305;z Kasabas&#305;ndan Bursa&#8217;ya Uzanan Hayat</h3><p>Ard&#232;che&#8217;de, Rochemaure&#8217;un sessiz yama&#231;lar&#305;nda ba&#351;layan Marcel Louis Stanislas Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n hayat&#305;, ipe&#287;in d&#252;nya ekonomisindeki ak&#305;&#351;&#305;na eklenen bir g&#246;&#231; hik&#226;yesidir. 1884&#8217;te do&#287;an Romangalle, Dr&#244;me y&#246;resinde ham ipe&#287;i dokuma ipli&#287;ine &#231;eviren bir i&#351;letmenin sahibi olan babas&#305; Alphonse Jean Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n mesleki &#231;evresinde b&#252;y&#252;d&#252;. Aile i&#231;inde hayatta kalan tek erkek &#231;ocuk olarak, ipek&#231;ilik bilgisini bir miras gibi devrald&#305;. Yirminci y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ba&#351;&#305;nda Bursa&#8217;ya geli&#351;inin ard&#305;nda, kentteki ipek sanayisinin cazibesi ve uluslararas&#305; ba&#287;lant&#305;lar&#305; bulunuyordu.<strong> Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n yerel haf&#305;zas&#305;nda dola&#351;an &#8220;Frans&#305;z k&#246;kenli Yahudi&#8221; nitelemesi ise do&#287;ru de&#287;ildir. </strong>Gerek kendisi, gerekse han&#305;m&#305; Latin-Katolik&#8217;tir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSSH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c7b4aa4-3f6c-43d4-89c5-14b404fde70c_280x546.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSSH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c7b4aa4-3f6c-43d4-89c5-14b404fde70c_280x546.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSSH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c7b4aa4-3f6c-43d4-89c5-14b404fde70c_280x546.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSSH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c7b4aa4-3f6c-43d4-89c5-14b404fde70c_280x546.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wSSH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c7b4aa4-3f6c-43d4-89c5-14b404fde70c_280x546.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Marcel Romangalle (&#214;mer Tuncer Koleksiyonu)</figcaption></figure></div><p>Romangalle, 1913 y&#305;l&#305;nda Bursa Latin Katolik Kilisesi&#8217;nde yap&#305;lan bir d&#252;&#287;&#252;nle, kentin b&#252;y&#252;k fabrikat&#246;rlerinden, k&#246;kleri &#304;stanbul&#8217;a uzanan Levanten Pirjantz ailesine mensup Nathalie Ren&#233;e Alexandra Pirjantz ile evlendi. Bu evlilik, onun Bursa&#8217;daki sosyal ve ticari &#231;evrelerle ba&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#252;&#231;lendirdi. Kay&#305;npederi Henri Daniel Cosma Pirjantz, Lyon ba&#287;lant&#305;lar&#305; g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir a&#287;&#305;n par&#231;as&#305; olarak an&#305;l&#305;yordu. Ayn&#305; y&#305;l do&#287;an k&#305;zlar&#305; Henriette k&#305;sa s&#252;re sonra vefat etti. Henriette&#8217;in cenazesi Katolik Mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8217;nda, dedesi Henri Pirjantz&#8217;&#305;n mezar&#305; &#252;zerine defnedildi. Bug&#252;n Piremir&#8217;de kal&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305; g&#246;r&#252;lebilen bu mezarl&#305;kta yer alan mezarta&#351;&#305;, aile hik&#226;yesinden geriye kalan en somut izlerden biridir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg" width="266" height="400.46153846153845" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_V9d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b20eb23-e856-4887-8c73-b1daf8b25177_4288x2848.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Mezarta&#351;&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><p>Birinci D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305; y&#305;llar&#305;nda Bursa&#8217;daki Frans&#305;z kolonisinin baz&#305; &#252;yeleri &#199;ank&#305;r&#305; ve &#199;orum&#8217;a s&#252;rg&#252;n edilirken, Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n isminin bu listelerde ge&#231;memesi dikkat &#231;ekicidir. Bu durum, sava&#351; s&#252;resince e&#351;iyle birlikte kentten ayr&#305;lm&#305;&#351; olabilece&#287;ini d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;r&#252;r. Sava&#351; sonras&#305; d&#246;nemde yeniden g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r hale geli&#351;i, 1922 tarihli Bursa Frans&#305;z Ticaret Komitesi &#252;yeleri listesiyle belirginle&#351;ir. Bu kay&#305;tta Romangalle, merkezi Lyon&#8217;da bulunan ve Bursa ile uzun s&#252;redir &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; anla&#351;&#305;lan La G&#233;n&#233;rale Soies firmas&#305;n&#305;n Bursa temsilcisi olarak ge&#231;mektedir. Bu g&#246;rev, onun sava&#351; sonras&#305; Bursa&#8217;daki Frans&#305;z varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n daralm&#305;&#351; kadrosu i&#231;inde &#246;nemli bir konuma sahip oldu&#287;unu g&#246;sterir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png" width="426" height="607.9488491048594" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bMmn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb646706-28e5-4c87-be5a-8b417782fadd_782x1116.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n Cumhuriyet d&#246;nemindeki as&#305;l y&#252;kseli&#351;i, ipek kad&#305;n &#231;oraplar&#305;yla tan&#305;nan &#304;svi&#231;re merkezli Silkor &#351;irketi ad&#305;na y&#252;r&#252;tt&#252;&#287;&#252; faaliyetlerle ili&#351;kilidir. 1934 itibar&#305;yla Silkor i&#351;letmesi alt&#305;nda Kazmir, Yolge&#231;en ve Silkor adlar&#305;n&#305; ta&#351;&#305;yan &#252;&#231; fabrikan&#305;n varl&#305;&#287;&#305; tespit edilmektedir. Bu tesisler, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n yaln&#305;zca ham ipek ihra&#231; eden bir merkez olmaktan &#231;&#305;k&#305;p entegre tekstil &#252;retimine y&#246;neldi&#287;i d&#246;nemin somut &#246;rnekleri aras&#305;ndad&#305;r. &#220;retim hatt&#305;, kozan&#305;n i&#351;lenmesinden ham ipek &#231;ekimine, dokumaya ve &#246;zel olarak ipekten kad&#305;n &#231;orab&#305; imalat&#305;na uzan&#305;yordu. Bu &#246;l&#231;e&#287;i m&#252;mk&#252;n k&#305;lan d&#252;zen, ayn&#305; zamanda bir i&#351;g&#252;c&#252; rejimini de i&#231;eriyordu. Silkor&#8217;un Bursa tesislerinde y&#305;ll&#305;k 6000 kilogram koza i&#351;lendi&#287;i, yakla&#351;&#305;k 350 ki&#351;inin istihdam edildi&#287;i, &#252;retimin yaln&#305;zca iplik &#231;ekimiyle s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmay&#305;p dokuma ve mamul &#252;r&#252;n imalat&#305;na da uzand&#305;&#287;&#305; bilinmektedir.</p><p>Bu &#252;&#231;l&#252; a&#287;&#305;n kritik halkalar&#305;ndan biri, Cumhuriyet Caddesi &#252;zerindeki <em>Yolge&#231;en Fabrikas&#305;</em>&#8217;d&#305;r. Yap&#305;, 1860&#8217;lardan itibaren Osman Fevzi Bey&#8217;in sahip oldu&#287;u fabrika, kalan miras yoluyla Saffetbeyzade Memduh Bey&#8217;in k&#305;z&#305;  &#350;&#252;kufe Han&#305;m ve damad&#305; Hamdi Sami G&#246;k&#231;en &#231;iftine aittir. 1929 y&#305;l&#305;na kadar Japon ortaklarla i&#351;letilen T&#252;rk Japon Fabrikas&#305;&#8217;na ev sahipli&#287;i yapm&#305;&#351;, ortakl&#305;k bozulup &#252;retim kesintiye u&#287;ray&#305;nca G&#246;k&#231;en ailesi taraf&#305;ndan 1932 civar&#305;nda Romangalle&#8217;a kiraya verilmi&#351;tir. Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n ticari faaliyetlerini koordine etti&#287;i yaz&#305;hanesi ise bu y&#305;llarda Koza Han&#305; i&#231;inde 96 numarada yer al&#305;yordu. Koza Han&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n bu k&#252;&#231;&#252;k oda &#246;l&#231;e&#287;indeki mek&#226;n&#305;, &#252;retim tesisleri, ham madde ak&#305;&#351;&#305;, i&#351;g&#252;c&#252; d&#252;zeni ve d&#305;&#351; pazarlara uzanan sipari&#351; ili&#351;kilerinin y&#246;netildi&#287;i bir merkez i&#351;levi g&#246;r&#252;yordu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png" width="420" height="406.3414634146341" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ATz0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5aaa70d-f7c0-4edf-8e2f-b36597a2ca0d_738x714.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1939 Askeri Hava Foto&#287;raflar&#305;nda fabrika alan&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><p>Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n kent haf&#305;zas&#305;nda belirginle&#351;mesini sa&#287;layan unsurlar, &#252;retim kapasitesinin yan&#305;nda i&#351;&#231;i politikalar&#305; ve kamusal g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252;d&#252;r. Millet mekteplerinin a&#231;&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305;n ard&#305;ndan fabrikas&#305;nda kad&#305;n ve erkek &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar i&#231;in &#252;cretli muallim tutarak okuma yazma &#246;&#287;retmesi, i&#351;yerini yaln&#305;zca &#252;retim sahas&#305; de&#287;il, disiplin ve e&#287;itim &#252;zerinden &#351;ekillenen bir toplumsal mek&#226;n haline getirmi&#351;tir. K&#305;&#351; aylar&#305;nda bir&#231;ok fabrikan&#305;n kapand&#305;&#287;&#305; ko&#351;ullarda, &#252;retimi tamamen durdurmak yerine mesaiyi azaltarak i&#351;&#231;iyi i&#351;siz b&#305;rakmama y&#246;n&#252;ndeki tutumu, d&#246;nemin emek rejimi a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan ay&#305;rt edicidir. Fabrikada iki g&#246;revli doktor bulunmas&#305;, hastalar&#305;n ila&#231; ve tedavi &#252;cretlerinin de i&#351;letme taraf&#305;ndan kar&#351;&#305;lanmas&#305;, Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n &#8220;hay&#305;rsever fabrikat&#246;r&#8221; imgesini besleyen uygulamalar aras&#305;ndad&#305;r. Bu tablo, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma ahlak&#305; s&#246;ylemiyle Avrupa k&#246;kenli sanayicilik pratiklerinin ayn&#305; ki&#351;ide birle&#351;ti&#287;i izlenimini vermektedir.</p><p>Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n kamusal alandaki g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252;, 1933 y&#305;l&#305;nda Bursa&#8217;da d&#252;zenlenen Yerli Mallar Sergisi&#8217;ne kat&#305;l&#305;m&#305;yla da peki&#351;ir. <em>&#304;peki&#351;, Lale &#199;a&#287;layan Fabrikas&#305;</em> ve <em>Uluda&#287; Gazozlar&#305; </em>gibi Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n &#246;nde gelen &#252;reticileri ve markalar&#305;yla ayn&#305; sergide &#252;r&#252;nlerini sunmas&#305; ve takdir g&#246;rmesi, onun kentin ekonomik vitrini i&#231;inde yer ald&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;sterir. &#304;kinci D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305; y&#305;llar&#305;nda Bursa t&#252;ccar ve esnaf&#305;n&#305;n askerler i&#231;in toplad&#305;&#287;&#305; yard&#305;m kampanyas&#305;na 100 lira ba&#287;&#305;&#351;la kat&#305;lmas&#305;, bu g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252;n sava&#351; ko&#351;ullar&#305;nda da s&#252;rd&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; g&#246;stermektedir.</p><p>&#304;lerleyen y&#305;llarda de&#287;i&#351;en ekonomik ko&#351;ullar ve ya&#351;&#305;n&#305;n ilerlemesi, Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n Bursa&#8217;daki sanayi varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; sona erdiren bir d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252; beraberinde getirmi&#351;tir. &#199;&#305;nar&#246;n&#252;&#8217;ndeki tesisi, fabrikan&#305;n yak&#305;n&#305;nda <em>Ta&#351;&#231;&#305;o&#287;lu Fabrikas&#305;</em>&#8217;n&#305; i&#351;leten Faik Y&#305;lmazipek&#8217;e devretmi&#351;tir. Romangalle ve e&#351;i bir s&#252;re daha Bursa&#8217;da ya&#351;amaya devam etmi&#351;, fakat 1940&#8217;lar&#305;n sonuna do&#287;ru kentten ayr&#305;larak &#304;stanbul&#8217;a yerle&#351;mi&#351;lerdir. Bursa&#8217;dan ayr&#305;l&#305;rken Mudanya&#8217;da g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde 12 Eyl&#252;l ad&#305;yla an&#305;lan cadde &#252;zerindeki yal&#305;s&#305;n&#305;, <em>&#304;pek&#231;ilik Kollektif &#350;irketi</em>&#8217;nin ortaklar&#305;ndan Tahir S&#252;tmen&#8217;e satt&#305;&#287;&#305; bilinmektedir.</p><p>Romangalle&#8217;&#305;n &#304;stanbul d&#246;nemi,<em> Frans&#305;z Ticaret Odas&#305;</em> ba&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305;yla kurumsal bir g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;rl&#252;k kazan&#305;r. 1952&#8217;de bu g&#246;revi y&#252;r&#252;tt&#252;&#287;&#252; s&#305;rada Fransa&#8217;n&#305;n en y&#252;ksek d&#252;zey sivil ni&#351;an&#305; olan <em>L&#233;gion d&#8217;Honneur </em>kendisine takdim edilmi&#351;tir. Daha sonra e&#351;iyle birlikte Fransa&#8217;ya d&#246;nerek Nice&#8217;e yerle&#351;mi&#351;lerdir. Romangalle 1964&#8217;te 79 ya&#351;&#305;nda Nice&#8217;te vefat etmi&#351;, e&#351;i Alexandra Romangalle 1987&#8217;ye kadar ya&#351;am&#305;&#351; ve 90 ya&#351;&#305;nda yine Nice&#8217;te hayat&#305;n&#305; kaybetmi&#351;tir. B&#246;ylece Rochemaure&#8217;da ba&#351;layan hayat &#231;izgisi, Bursa&#8217;da &#351;ekillenmi&#351;, &#304;stanbul&#8217;da tamamlay&#305;c&#305; bir kamusal rolle devam etmi&#351; ve Akdeniz&#8217;in &#246;te yakas&#305;nda son bulmu&#351;tu.</p><h3>Faik Y&#305;lmazipek ve Y&#305;lmazipek Ailesi: Cepheden Fabrika Avlusuna Uzanan Bir Hayat</h3><p>Aslen Antalya&#8217;n&#305;n Akseki y&#246;resinden gelen Y&#305;lmazipek ailesinin kurucusu Faik Bey, babas&#305;n&#305;n g&#246;revi nedeniyle bulundu&#287;u Yozgat&#8217;&#305;n Bo&#287;azl&#305;yan il&#231;esinde d&#252;nyaya gelmi&#351;tir. Gen&#231;lik y&#305;llar&#305;, Osmanl&#305; Devleti&#8217;nin son b&#252;y&#252;k sava&#351;lar&#305;n&#305;n g&#246;lgesinde ge&#231;mi&#351;tir. Hen&#252;z lise son s&#305;n&#305;f &#246;&#287;rencisiyken, 1915 y&#305;l&#305;nda &#199;anakkale Cephesi&#8217;ne giderek 19. F&#305;rka&#8217;n&#305;n 9. B&#246;l&#252;&#287;&#252;&#8217;ne kat&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, ayn&#305; y&#305;l ilk harp madalyas&#305;n&#305; alm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. &#199;anakkale&#8217;den sonra, Osmanl&#305; Devleti&#8217;nin m&#252;ttefiki olan Avusturya Macaristan &#304;mparatorlu&#287;u&#8217;nu desteklemek amac&#305;yla a&#231;&#305;lan Gali&#231;ya Cephesi&#8217;ne g&#246;nderilmi&#351;, burada ald&#305;&#287;&#305; a&#287;&#305;r yara hayat&#305;n&#305;n seyrini k&#246;kten de&#287;i&#351;tirmi&#351;tir. Viyana&#8217;daki bir hastanede bilinci yerine geldi&#287;inde iki kolunu kaybetti&#287;ini &#246;&#287;renmi&#351;, bundan sonraki ya&#351;am&#305;n&#305; a&#287;&#305;r bir sakatl&#305;kla s&#252;rd&#252;rmek zorunda kalm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png" width="378" height="445.1214953271028" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qN91!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77794a0e-b93f-479c-831a-4fb923d49963_642x756.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Askeri &#252;niformalar&#305; i&#231;inde Faik Bey</figcaption></figure></div><p>Sava&#351;tan sonra, 1920&#8217;li y&#305;llarda gazilere verilen tazminat&#305; alan Faik Bey, e&#351;i Zehra Han&#305;m ile birlikte Bursa&#8217;ya yerle&#351;mi&#351;tir. &#304;lk y&#305;llarda sabun, k&#305;rtasiye, tuhafiye ve h&#305;rdavat gibi farkl&#305; ticaret alanlar&#305;nda faaliyet g&#246;stermi&#351;tir. Bu d&#246;nemde kazand&#305;&#287;&#305; ticari tecr&#252;be ve birikim, onu sanayiye y&#246;nelten temel zemini olu&#351;turmu&#351;tur. Mustafa Kemal Atat&#252;rk&#8217;&#252;n maddi ve manevi deste&#287;iyle, Demirkap&#305;&#8217;da bulunan ve Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n en eski sanayi tesislerinden biri olan Ta&#351;&#231;&#305;o&#287;lu Fabrikas&#305;&#8217;n&#305; Emlak-&#305; Metruke &#304;daresi&#8217;nden sat&#305;n alm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. 1934 &#304;l Y&#305;ll&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8217;nda fabrikan&#305;n bir ortakl&#305;k yap&#305;s&#305; i&#231;inde Faik Bey taraf&#305;ndan i&#351;letildi&#287;i g&#246;r&#252;lmektedir.</p><p>&#304;ki kolunu kaybetmi&#351; olmas&#305;na ra&#287;men son derece disiplinli ve kararl&#305; bir i&#351; insan&#305; olarak &#231;al&#305;&#351;an Faik Bey, 1934 Soyad&#305; Kanunu sonras&#305;nda &#8220;Y&#305;lmazipek&#8221; soyad&#305;n&#305; se&#231;erek hem ki&#351;isel direncini hem de ipek sanayisiyle kurdu&#287;u ba&#287;&#305; sembolle&#351;tirmi&#351;tir. 1940&#8217;l&#305; y&#305;llar&#305;n sonlar&#305;na do&#287;ru Marcel Romangalle&#8217;dan &#199;&#305;nar&#246;n&#252;&#8217;ndeki fabrikay&#305; sat&#305;n alarak i&#351;letmesine katm&#305;&#351;, bu tesiste kapasite art&#305;r&#305;m&#305; yaparak &#252;retimi geni&#351;letmi&#351;tir. Koza Han&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n alt kat&#305;nda bulunan 87 numaral&#305; d&#252;kk&#226;n&#305; yaz&#305;hane olarak kullan&#305;rken, ailesiyle birlikte fabrikan&#305;n i&#231;indeki lojman konutunda ya&#351;am&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Konutun bah&#231;esine, iki ya&#351;&#305;nda vefat eden o&#287;lu Orhan an&#305;s&#305;na diktirdi&#287;i ta&#351;, bug&#252;n de yerinde durmakta ve aile haf&#305;zas&#305;n&#305;n maddi bir izini olu&#351;turmaktad&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg" width="391" height="549.7363796133568" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:800,&quot;width&quot;:569,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:391,&quot;bytes&quot;:122815,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/186763314?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FNFJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e0d292-3911-444a-9d47-6d36781155d4_569x800.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">2008 y&#305;l&#305;nda terk edilmi&#351; vaziyette fabrika alan&#305;, kozakl&#305;klar hen&#252;z &#231;&#246;kmemi&#351;. Foto&#287;raf: U&#287;ur Cava&#231;</figcaption></figure></div><p>Faik Bey, ilerleyen y&#305;llarda Demirkap&#305; b&#246;lgesinde ikinci bir fabrika daha sat&#305;n alm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bu tesis daha sonra o&#287;lu Do&#287;an Y&#305;lmazipek taraf&#305;ndan i&#351;letilmi&#351;tir. M&#252;lkiyeti g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde h&#226;l&#226; aileye ait olan yap&#305;, yak&#305;n d&#246;nemde ya&#351;anan bir yang&#305;n sonras&#305; b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de tahrip olmu&#351;, yaln&#305;zca d&#305;&#351; duvarlar&#305; ayakta kalm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Buna ra&#287;men fabrikan&#305;n karakteristik bacas&#305;, Demirkap&#305; siluetinde h&#226;l&#226; kolayl&#305;kla se&#231;ilebilmektedir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png" width="398" height="527.7053571428571" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1188,&quot;width&quot;:896,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:398,&quot;bytes&quot;:1009119,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/186763314?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5SOc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb018fd3-1024-4699-9907-428143578162_896x1188.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Y&#305;lmazipek&#8217;in sanayicili&#287;i, &#252;retimle s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmam&#305;&#351;, i&#351;&#231;i ya&#351;am&#305;na y&#246;nelik sosyal d&#252;zenlemelerle tamamlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. &#214;zellikle bek&#226;r i&#351;&#231;ilerin d&#252;zensiz ve sa&#287;l&#305;ks&#305;z ko&#351;ullarda ya&#351;ad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;z &#246;n&#252;nde bulunduran Faik Bey, 54 odal&#305; bir i&#351;&#231;i lojman&#305; in&#351;a ettirmi&#351;tir. D&#246;nemin reklam ilanlar&#305;nda &#8220;apartman&#8221; olarak an&#305;lan bu yap&#305;, Bursa&#8217;da erken Cumhuriyet d&#246;neminin ender i&#351;&#231;i bar&#305;nma projelerinden biridir. Ayr&#305;ca Demirkap&#305;&#8217;daki arsalar&#305;nda, fabrikada &#231;al&#305;&#351;an ailelerin kendi konutlar&#305;n&#305; in&#351;a edebilmeleri i&#231;in izin vermi&#351;, aile taraf&#305;ndan ayn&#305; semtte okullar yapt&#305;r&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bu giri&#351;imler, sanayi &#252;retimi ile yerel toplumsal altyap&#305;n&#305;n birlikte d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;lmesine dayanan bir yakla&#351;&#305;m&#305; yans&#305;tmaktad&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png" width="1456" height="728" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:728,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2517603,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/186763314?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!000R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d970050-639a-436d-a040-c0688843bf37_1524x762.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>1943 y&#305;l&#305;nda y&#252;r&#252;rl&#252;&#287;e giren Varl&#305;k Vergisi kapsam&#305;nda kendisine y&#252;ksek bir bor&#231; tahakkuk ettirilmi&#351;, Faik Bey t&#252;m mali s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;lara ra&#287;men bu vergiyi &#246;demi&#351;tir. Kent kamuoyunda sayg&#305;n bir konuma sahip olan Y&#305;lmazipek, 1946 se&#231;imlerinde Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi&#8217;nden Bursa milletvekili se&#231;ilerek siyasal hayata da kat&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. 1968 y&#305;l&#305;nda Bursa&#8217;da vefat etmi&#351;, P&#305;narba&#351;&#305; Mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8217;na defnedilmi&#351;tir.</p><p>Faik Bey&#8217;in &#246;l&#252;m&#252;nden sonra aile i&#351;letmeleri o&#287;ullar&#305; taraf&#305;ndan s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lm&#252;&#351;t&#252;r. &#199;&#305;nar&#246;n&#252; Fabrikas&#305;, 1970&#8217;li y&#305;llarda da faaliyetini devam ettirmi&#351;, 1979&#8217;da 400 ile 500 aras&#305;nda i&#351;&#231;i &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;ran b&#252;y&#252;k bir tesis konumuna ula&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bu d&#246;nemde fabrika Fertur A.&#350;. ad&#305;yla i&#351;letilmeye ba&#351;lanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Ancak 1980&#8217;li y&#305;llarda de&#287;i&#351;en ekonomik ko&#351;ullar, ithalat rejimi, tekstil sekt&#246;r&#252;ndeki teknolojik d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m ve artan maliyetler &#252;retimi zorla&#351;t&#305;rm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. 1987 y&#305;l&#305;nda manc&#305;n&#305;khane &#252;nitesi kapat&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, 1992&#8217;de ise giderlerin gelirleri a&#351;mas&#305; nedeniyle fabrika tamamen faaliyetine son vermi&#351;tir.</p><p>G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde Y&#305;lmazipek tesisleri, son &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma g&#252;n&#252;nde terk edilmi&#351; haliyle ayakta durmaktad&#305;r. Makine izleri, bo&#351; at&#246;lyeler, pasl&#305; demirler ve yar&#305;m kalm&#305;&#351; duvarlar, bir y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305; a&#351;an sanayi ser&#252;veninin sessiz tan&#305;klar&#305;d&#305;r. Cephelerden ba&#351;layan Faik Y&#305;lmazipek&#8217;in hayat&#305;, bu mek&#226;nlarda &#252;retime, eme&#287;e ve yerel kalk&#305;nmaya d&#246;n&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;; Bursa sanayi tarihinin en g&#252;&#231;l&#252; yerli giri&#351;imlerinden birine temel olu&#351;turmu&#351;tur.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg" width="720" height="405" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8qpI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c0cd2a-888c-4d91-8b82-51606d4b7a2f_720x405.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>***</p><p>Bitirken, bug&#252;n Osmangazi Belediyesi taraf&#305;ndan yeni bir cazibe merkezi yap&#305;lmas&#305; planlanan bu fabrika alan&#305;nda Romangalle ve Y&#305;lmazipek&#8217;in hikayesinin anlat&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n ipek end&#252;striyel miras&#305;n&#305;n kal&#305;c&#305; bir izi olacak m&#252;ze yak&#305;&#351;&#305;r. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Bu yaz&#305;n&#305;n tam hali daha evvel makale olarak yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r, at&#305;flar i&#231;in ona <a href="https://www.academia.edu/129959526/%C3%87%C4%B1nar%C3%B6n%C3%BC_Romangalle_Y%C4%B1lmazipek_Fabrikas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Tarihsel_S%C3%BCreci?source=swp_share">ba&#351;vurabilirsiniz</a></p><p></p><p></p></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[16. Yüzyılda Bir Kamusal Mekân Direnişi: Pınarbaşı Bursalılarındır!]]></title><description><![CDATA[P&#305;narba&#351;&#305; Mesiresinin Kiraya Verilmesine Kar&#351;&#305; Halk Tepkisi]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/16-yuzylda-bir-kamusal-mekan-direnisi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/16-yuzylda-bir-kamusal-mekan-direnisi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2026 06:35:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg" width="728" height="475.95079086115993" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dC2A!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2529637c-f0c5-46f6-906f-69b92365ea71_1138x744.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Bursa Ali Haydar K&#252;t&#252;phanesi taraf&#305;ndan yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351; P&#305;narba&#351;&#305; Park&#305;&#8217;n&#305; g&#246;steren kartpostal.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Modern &#246;ncesi toplumlardan bahsederken &#231;o&#287;u zaman onlar&#305; mutlak bir itaat d&#252;zeninin i&#231;ine yerle&#351;tirir, otoriteyle kar&#351;&#305; kar&#351;&#305;ya gelmenin neredeyse akla gelmedi&#287;i d&#246;nemler olarak tahayy&#252;l ederiz. Oysa bu, hem tarihsel kaynaklar&#305;n hem de &#351;ehirli ya&#351;am&#305;n kendi do&#287;as&#305;n&#305;n g&#246;sterdi&#287;i ger&#231;eklikle &#246;rt&#252;&#351;meyen bir kabuld&#252;r. Modern &#231;a&#287;lar&#305;n siyasal muhalefet ya da yurtta&#351;l&#305;k kavramlar&#305;yla &#246;zde&#351;le&#351;tirdi&#287;imiz direnme pratikleri, asl&#305;nda &#231;ok daha eski ve k&#246;kl&#252; bir toplumsal refleksin par&#231;alar&#305;d&#305;r. Kentliler, y&#252;zy&#305;llard&#305;r kendilerine buyrulan kararlara itiraz edebilmi&#351;, yerel idarelerin uygulamalar&#305;na kar&#351;&#305; hukuki yollar&#305; kullanm&#305;&#351;, gerekti&#287;inde de bedensel varl&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; ortaya koyarak ortak ya&#351;am alanlar&#305;n&#305;n korunmas&#305; i&#231;in ses y&#252;kseltmi&#351;tir. Bu direnme k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;, yaln&#305;zca bir hak talep etme prati&#287;i olarak de&#287;il, kentin kendisini kuran sosyal dokunun s&#252;reklili&#287;ini sa&#287;lama bi&#231;imi olarak da anlam kazan&#305;r. </p><p>Zira kent dedi&#287;imiz yer, herkesin g&#252;ndelik hayat&#305;n&#305;n bir par&#231;as&#305; h&#226;line gelen ortak mekanlar etraf&#305;nda &#351;ekillenir ve bu mekanlar, zaman&#305;n i&#231;inde yeniden &#252;retilen kolektif haf&#305;zan&#305;n ta&#351;&#305;y&#305;c&#305;lar&#305; olur. Erken modern Osmanl&#305; &#351;ehirlerinde oldu&#287;u gibi, bir meydan&#305;n, bir p&#305;nar&#305;n, bir &#231;ar&#351;&#305;n&#305;n ya da bir g&#246;lgelikli kamusal k&#246;&#351;enin korunmas&#305;, ayn&#305; zamanda o alanla &#246;zde&#351;le&#351;mi&#351; toplumsal ili&#351;kilerin, rit&#252;ellerin ve m&#252;&#351;terek deneyimlerin korunmas&#305; anlam&#305;na gelirdi. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla, herhangi bir m&#252;dahale yaln&#305;zca mek&#226;nsal bir d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m olarak g&#246;r&#252;lmez, kentli kimli&#287;ini zedeleyen, belle&#287;i kesintiye u&#287;ratan bir tehdit olarak da alg&#305;lan&#305;rd&#305;.</p><p>***</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://manifold.press/16-yuzyilda-bir-kamusal-mekan-direnisi-pinarbasi-bursalilarindir">YAZININ TAMAMINI MANIFOLD S&#304;TES&#304; &#220;ZER&#304;NDEN OKUYAB&#304;L&#304;RS&#304;N&#304;Z</a></p></blockquote>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Kimdir Bu Madam Brot? ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bursal&#305; Frans&#305;z Brotte Ailesi'nin Hikayesi]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/kimdir-bu-madam-brot</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/kimdir-bu-madam-brot</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 25 Jan 2026 11:09:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:4536741,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/185620478?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wUUZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb32461fb-7431-4a9c-8006-a92500280443_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Alt&#305;parmak&#8217;tan her ge&#231;i&#351;te, eski Bursal&#305;lar&#305;n kendi aralar&#305;nda f&#305;s&#305;lt&#305;yla and&#305;&#287;&#305; bir isim vard&#305;r: <strong>Madam Brotte</strong>. &#8220;Burada bir Anadolu Oteli varm&#305;&#351;, sahibi de bir Frans&#305;z madamm&#305;&#351;&#8221; diye ba&#351;layan bu anlat&#305;, y&#305;llar i&#231;inde kentin belle&#287;inde yar&#305; efsanevi bir hik&#226;yeye d&#246;n&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;r. Hakk&#305;nda &#231;ok &#351;ey s&#246;ylenmi&#351;, &#231;ok &#351;ey yaz&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Ne var ki literat&#252;rde dola&#351;an bilgilerin &#246;nemli bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;, birincil kaynaklara de&#287;il, kulaktan kula&#287;a aktar&#305;lan anlat&#305;lara dayanmaktad&#305;r. Bu nedenle Madam Brotte&#8217;ye ve ailesine dair bir&#231;ok detay ya eksik ya da hatal&#305; bi&#231;imde aktar&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bu yaz&#305;, Bursa&#8217;daki Frans&#305;z kolonisinin en erken ve en etkili ailelerinden biri olan <strong>Brotte ailesinin</strong> hik&#226;yesini, s&#246;ylencelerin &#246;tesine ge&#231;erek, ar&#351;ivlerin izinden yeniden kurmay&#305; ama&#231;lamaktad&#305;r.</p><h3>Brotte ve Gamet Aileleri: Bursa&#8217;ya A&#231;&#305;lan Frans&#305;z Kap&#305;s&#305;</h3><p>Bursa&#8217;ya yerle&#351;en Frans&#305;z aileler aras&#305;nda ilk ku&#351;a&#287;&#305; olu&#351;turanlar Brotte ve Gamet aileleridir. Ailenin kente gelen ilk temsilcisi <strong>Louis Brotte</strong>, 1825 y&#305;l&#305;nda Fransa&#8217;n&#305;n Dr&#244;me departman&#305;nda do&#287;mu&#351;, hen&#252;z 21 ya&#351;&#305;ndayken, 1846&#8217;da Bursa&#8217;ya g&#246;&#231; etmi&#351;tir. &#304;pek &#252;retiminin h&#305;zla k&#252;resel pazarlara eklemlendi&#287;i bu d&#246;nemde Brotte, k&#305;sa s&#252;rede yaln&#305;zca bir fabrikat&#246;r olarak de&#287;il, g&#252;venilirli&#287;i ve yenilik&#231;ili&#287;iyle de tan&#305;nan bir isim haline gelmi&#351;tir.</p><p>Louis Brotte&#8217;un fabrikas&#305;, bug&#252;n Muradiye&#8217;de Romangalle Fabrikas&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n bulundu&#287;u alanda yer al&#305;yordu. Gamet ailesiyle kurdu&#287;u evlilik ba&#287;&#305; sayesinde bu iki Frans&#305;z aile, Bursa&#8217;daki ipek &#252;retimini yan yana kurduklar&#305; fabrikalarla birlikte y&#252;r&#252;tm&#252;&#351;, kentin sanayi dokusunda kal&#305;c&#305; bir iz b&#305;rakm&#305;&#351;lard&#305;. Brotte&#8217;un &#252;retimdeki ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;, Osmanl&#305; ve Frans&#305;z makamlar&#305;n&#305;n da dikkatini &#231;ekmi&#351;, 1869 y&#305;l&#305;nda Osmanl&#305; y&#246;netimi taraf&#305;ndan &#8220;Bursa&#8217;daki ipek fabrikalar&#305;n&#305;n en iyi i&#351;letmecisi&#8221; oldu&#287;u gerek&#231;esiyle <strong>alt&#305;n madalya</strong> ile &#246;d&#252;llendirilmi&#351;tir. Bu takdir, 1875&#8217;te Fransa taraf&#305;ndan verilen <strong>L&#233;gion d&#8217;Honneur</strong> ni&#351;an&#305; ile tamamlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p>Louis Brotte yaln&#305;zca bir sanayici de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda bilgi transferinin de &#246;nc&#252;lerindendi. Bursa&#8217;daki ipek &#252;retiminin verimlili&#287;ini art&#305;rmak amac&#305;yla Fransa&#8217;dan usta i&#351;&#231;iler getirerek teknik bilginin dola&#351;&#305;m&#305;n&#305; sa&#287;lam&#305;&#351;, b&#246;ylece yerel &#252;retim pratiklerinin d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;nde belirleyici bir rol oynam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bursa&#8217;daki Brotte hik&#226;yesinin ilk halkas&#305;, hi&#231; ku&#351;kusuz onunla ba&#351;lar.</p><p>Ancak burada kritik bir ayr&#305;m yapmak gerekir. Kent belle&#287;inde &#8220;otelci Madam Brotte&#8221; olarak bilinen fig&#252;r, &#231;o&#287;u anlat&#305;da Louis Brotte&#8217;un e&#351;i olarak an&#305;lsa da bu bilgi do&#287;ru de&#287;ildir. Otelin kurucusu olarak tan&#305;nan <strong>Madam Brotte</strong>, evlilik &#246;ncesi ad&#305;yla <strong>Barbe C&#233;leste Didelot (1842&#8211;1929)</strong>, Louis Brotte&#8217;un de&#287;il, onun erkek karde&#351;i <strong>Pierre Auguste Brotte (1832&#8211;1880)</strong>&#8217;un e&#351;idir.</p><p>Pierre Auguste Brotte ve Barbe C&#233;leste Didelot da t&#305;pk&#305; Louis gibi Dr&#244;me b&#246;lgesinden Bursa&#8217;ya g&#246;&#231; etmi&#351;lerdir. Bu evlilikten iki erkek &#231;ocuk d&#252;nyaya gelir. &#304;lki, 16 A&#287;ustos 1862&#8217;de Bursa&#8217;da do&#287;an ve kentin Frans&#305;z kolonisinin en tan&#305;nm&#305;&#351; isimlerinden biri haline gelen <strong>Alexandre Brotte</strong>&#8217;tur.</p><p>Alexandre Brotte, uzun y&#305;llar boyunca Bursa&#8217;daki Frans&#305;z Konsoloslu&#287;u&#8217;nda <strong>drogoman</strong> olarak g&#246;rev yapm&#305;&#351;, bunun yan&#305; s&#305;ra Ziraat M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252; gibi &#231;e&#351;itli idari kurumlarda k&#226;tiplik yapm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Ailesine ait ipek fabrikas&#305;n&#305;n y&#246;netiminde aktif rol &#252;stlenmi&#351;, ancak onu Bursa tarih&#231;ili&#287;i a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan as&#305;l &#246;nemli k&#305;lan, entelekt&#252;el ve b&#252;rokratik faaliyetleridir. <em>Annuaire Oriental</em> i&#231;in Bursa&#8217;daki t&#252;ccar ve sanayicilerin kay&#305;tlar&#305;n&#305; uzun y&#305;llar boyunca derlemi&#351;, <em>La Revue Commerciale du Levant</em> dergisine ise &#246;zellikle koza &#252;retimi ve ipek piyasas&#305;na dair d&#252;zenli raporlar g&#246;ndermi&#351;tir. Bu metinler, bug&#252;n Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n ekonomik tarihini yeniden in&#351;a ederken ba&#351;vurulan temel kaynaklar aras&#305;ndad&#305;r.</p><p>1899 y&#305;l&#305;nda, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n &#246;nde gelen ipek fabrikat&#246;rlerinden Marie Eug&#232;ne Poirier&#8217;in k&#305;z&#305; <strong>Louise &#201;milie Poirier</strong> ile evlenen Alexandre Brotte&#8217;un &#231;ocuk sahibi oldu&#287;una dair herhangi bir kay&#305;t bulunmamaktad&#305;r. Ayr&#305;ca Alex, evlilikle kurulan birlikteli&#287;in ard&#305;ndan Kay&#305;npederinin ipek i&#351;lerini y&#246;netmi&#351;tir. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QiwP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49265f8-e041-47fd-9767-431dc07dc1b4_1558x674.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QiwP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49265f8-e041-47fd-9767-431dc07dc1b4_1558x674.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QiwP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49265f8-e041-47fd-9767-431dc07dc1b4_1558x674.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QiwP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49265f8-e041-47fd-9767-431dc07dc1b4_1558x674.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QiwP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49265f8-e041-47fd-9767-431dc07dc1b4_1558x674.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QiwP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49265f8-e041-47fd-9767-431dc07dc1b4_1558x674.png" width="1456" height="630" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Alexandre ve Marie Eug&#232;ne&#8217;nin evlilik kayd&#305;, Fransa Diplomatik Ar&#351;ivleri</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ailenin di&#287;er o&#287;lu <strong>Raoul C&#233;lestin Brotte (14 A&#287;ustos 1871)</strong> ise kaynaklarda &#231;ok daha silik bir bi&#231;imde yer al&#305;r. Baz&#305; anlat&#305;lara g&#246;re Raoul, 1915 civar&#305;nda &#199;anakkale&#8217;de hayat&#305;n&#305; kaybetmi&#351;, bu nedenle ailesinin ticari ve kamusal a&#287;lar&#305;nda belirgin bir iz b&#305;rakamam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><h2>Otelin Do&#287;u&#351;u ve Bir Kent Efsanesinin Ba&#351;lang&#305;c&#305;</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png" width="1250" height="1008" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1008,&quot;width&quot;:1250,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3447641,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/185620478?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!noNL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75e52a0a-3bf3-4c5c-b03a-5039da4bdb42_1250x1008.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">20. y&#252;zy&#305;l ba&#351;&#305;nda bir kartpostalda Anadolu Oteli.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Alt&#305;parmak&#8217;tan ge&#231;enlerin diline dolanan Madam Brotte hik&#226;yesi, &#231;o&#287;u zaman bir &#246;l&#252;mle ba&#351;lar. Pierre Auguste Brotte&#8217;un 1880 y&#305;l&#305;nda vefat&#305;, bu anlat&#305;lar&#305;n merkezindeki k&#305;r&#305;lma an&#305;d&#305;r. Onun ard&#305;ndan, Brotte ailesi i&#231;in Bursa&#8217;daki sanayi hayat&#305; yava&#351; yava&#351; kapanan bir deftere d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;r. K&#246;&#351;klerinin hemen yan&#305;ndaki fabrika Bay ailesine sat&#305;l&#305;r, kocadan kalan bor&#231;lar tasfiye edilir ve geriye, geni&#351; bah&#231;esiyle suskun bir konut kal&#305;r. &#304;&#351;te bu sessizlikte, kentin kaderine dokunacak bir karar al&#305;n&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png" width="588" height="474.3529411764706" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1152,&quot;width&quot;:1428,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:588,&quot;bytes&quot;:2921106,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/185620478?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!35He!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f1bed1-0cd2-4fdb-a75d-2fa9caf80e61_1428x1152.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Barbe C&#233;leste Didelot, yani Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n haf&#305;zas&#305;nda yer eden ad&#305;yla Madam Brotte, bu evi bir otele d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rmeye karar verir. B&#246;ylece Anadolu Oteli, d&#246;nemin ad&#305;yla <strong>Hotel d&#8217;Anatolie</strong>, ortaya &#231;&#305;kar. Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n ilerleyen y&#305;llarda en &#231;ok konu&#351;ulan konaklama mek&#226;nlar&#305;ndan biri, dul kalm&#305;&#351; bir kad&#305;n&#305;n ayakta kalma iradesinden do&#287;ar. Bu karar, hem bir ge&#231;im stratejisidir hem de kentin sosyal hayat&#305;na a&#231;&#305;lan yeni bir kap&#305;.</p><p>Ancak bu hik&#226;yenin etraf&#305;nda zamanla kal&#305;n bir sis tabakas&#305; olu&#351;ur. Bug&#252;n restorasyonu g&#252;ndemde olan Muradiye&#8217;deki <strong>Romangalle Fabrikas&#305;</strong>, yayg&#305;n anlat&#305;lar&#305;n aksine, hi&#231;bir d&#246;nemde Madam Brotte&#8217;ye ya da kocas&#305;na ait olmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Fabrika, ba&#351;&#305;ndan itibaren onun kay&#305;nbiraderi <strong>Louis Brotte</strong> taraf&#305;ndan i&#351;letilmi&#351;tir. Buna ra&#287;men fabrika ile otel binas&#305;n&#305;n yan yana durmas&#305;, anlat&#305;lar&#305;n birbirine kar&#305;&#351;mas&#305;na yol a&#231;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. &#304;ki farkl&#305; b&#246;lgede, iki farkl&#305; fabrika ayn&#305; yap&#305;ym&#305;&#351; gibi anlat&#305;lagelmi&#351;tir. Halk aras&#305;nda sanayi faaliyetleri ile otel i&#351;letmecili&#287;i, y&#305;llar i&#231;inde tek bir isim etraf&#305;nda toplanm&#305;&#351;, tarih mek&#226;nsal yak&#305;nl&#305;&#287;&#305;n tuza&#287;&#305;na d&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;r. Hatta bu yanl&#305;&#351;, yaln&#305;zca s&#246;zl&#252; k&#252;lt&#252;rle s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmam&#305;&#351;, 2010&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda Bursa B&#252;y&#252;k&#351;ehir Belediyesi ve UNESCO i&#351; birli&#287;iyle haz&#305;rlanan bilgilendirme panolar&#305;na kadar uzanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. B&#246;ylece hata, resm&#238; bir anlat&#305; niteli&#287;i kazanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bu konu, Bursa&#8217;da sanayi miras&#305;n&#305;n nas&#305;l aktar&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;na dair daha geni&#351; bir tart&#305;&#351;man&#305;n par&#231;as&#305;d&#305;r. &#350;imdilik bu ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305; kapatal&#305;m.</p><p>1882 y&#305;l&#305;nda kap&#305;lar&#305;n&#305; a&#231;an <strong>Hotel d&#8217;Anatolie</strong>, Bursa&#8217;daki han ve otellerden a&#231;&#305;k bi&#231;imde ayr&#305;l&#305;r. &#304;ki katl&#305;, ah&#351;ap, geni&#351; bah&#231;eli yap&#305;, Avrupa&#8217;daki konaklama anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;n&#305;n Bursa&#8217;daki erken &#246;rneklerinden biridir. Gecelik fiyat&#305;ysa 15 frankt&#305;, bu o devir i&#231;in orta segment bir harcamayd&#305;. Bir konutun otele d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;lmesi, kentte hizmet sekt&#246;r&#252;ne y&#246;nelik bilin&#231;li bir y&#246;nelimi yans&#305;t&#305;r. Ayn&#305; zamanda, bir kad&#305;n&#305;n kendi kazan&#231; ko&#351;ullar&#305;n&#305; yeniden kurma &#231;abas&#305;n&#305;n mek&#226;na b&#252;r&#252;nm&#252;&#351; h&#226;lidir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png" width="508" height="397.69142857142856" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:548,&quot;width&quot;:700,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:508,&quot;bytes&quot;:910056,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/185620478?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8ZcL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd836445-8cc6-4146-8684-a914cfdac3f5_700x548.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Otel k&#305;sa s&#252;rede &#252;n kazan&#305;r. Avrupal&#305; seyyahlar&#305;n anlat&#305;lar&#305;nda, burada ge&#231;irilen geceler benzer ifadelerle betimlenir: iyi pi&#351;irilmi&#351; yemekler, temiz odalar, kesintiye u&#287;ramayan bir uyku. Bursa&#8217;da bu &#252;&#231; unsurun bir araya gelmesi, Hotel d&#8217;Anatolie&#8217;yi ayr&#305;cal&#305;kl&#305; bir konuma ta&#351;&#305;r. Misafirler, burada yaln&#305;zca konaklamaz; d&#252;zenli, g&#252;venilir ve tan&#305;d&#305;k bir ritim bulur.</p><p>Otelin etkisi bununla da s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmaz. Kente gelen yabanc&#305; ziyaret&#231;iler i&#231;in bast&#305;r&#305;lan <strong>kent turu haritas&#305;</strong>, Bursa turizm tarihinde sessiz bir d&#246;n&#252;m noktas&#305;d&#305;r. Misafirler, hangi sokaktan y&#252;r&#252;nece&#287;ini, hangi kapl&#305;caya gidilece&#287;ini, nerede durulaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; bu harita &#252;zerinden &#246;&#287;renir. Bursa, ilk kez planl&#305; bir gezinti &#246;nerisiyle sunulmaya ba&#351;lan&#305;r.</p><p>Bu y&#252;kseli&#351;, Birinci D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305;&#8217;yla birlikte sert bi&#231;imde kesilir. Sava&#351;&#305;n ba&#351;lamas&#305;yla, Osmanl&#305; topraklar&#305;nda ya&#351;ayan Frans&#305;z tebaas&#305;na y&#246;nelik uygulanan s&#252;rg&#252;n politikas&#305; devreye girer. <strong>Alexandre Brotte</strong>, &#199;ank&#305;r&#305; ya da &#199;orum&#8217;a g&#246;nderilir. <strong>Madame Brotte</strong>, Frans&#305;zlara istihbarat sa&#287;lad&#305;&#287;&#305; gerek&#231;esiyle g&#246;zetim alt&#305;na al&#305;n&#305;r ve otel kapat&#305;l&#305;r. Bu d&#246;nem, Bursa&#8217;daki Frans&#305;z kolonisinin &#231;&#246;z&#252;l&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252; simgeleyen bir e&#351;i&#287;e kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k gelir.</p><p>Alex&#8217;in s&#252;rg&#252;n&#252;, geride kalan Madam Brotte i&#231;in uzun bir yaln&#305;zl&#305;k d&#246;neminin ba&#351;lang&#305;c&#305;d&#305;r. Y&#305;llar boyunca otelin ve kalabal&#305;k sosyal &#231;evrenin sa&#287;lad&#305;&#287;&#305; hareketlilik yerini belirsizli&#287;e b&#305;rak&#305;r. Kaynaklar&#305;n ima etti&#287;i &#252;zere, bu y&#305;llar daha i&#231;e kapan&#305;k, daha bohem bir ya&#351;am&#305;n &#351;ekillendi&#287;i bir aral&#305;kt&#305;r. Bursa, art&#305;k eskisi gibi de&#287;ildir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png" width="422" height="633" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1536,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:422,&quot;bytes&quot;:2658155,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/185620478?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6wli!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87c70037-e7c9-44c7-8757-6e6c5827e2e3_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1929 y&#305;l&#305;nda L&#8217;Illustration dergisine verdi&#287;i foto&#287;rafta ya&#351;l&#305; haliyle Mme. Brotte, otelin kap&#305;s&#305;nda.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Sava&#351;&#305;n ard&#305;ndan Alex kente d&#246;ner. Ailenin yar&#305;m kalan d&#252;zeni yeniden kurulmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;l&#305;r; ticari ili&#351;kiler canland&#305;r&#305;l&#305;r, <strong>Hotel d&#8217;Anatolie</strong> tekrar faaliyete ge&#231;er. Fakat geri d&#246;n&#252;len &#351;ehir, geride b&#305;rak&#305;lan &#351;ehir de&#287;ildir. Frans&#305;z kolonisinin kalabal&#305;k g&#252;nlerinden geriye birka&#231; hane kalm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Konsolosluk &#231;evresi da&#287;&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, sanayici aileler Bursa&#8217;dan ayr&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png" width="324" height="182.8762886597938" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:438,&quot;width&quot;:776,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:324,&quot;bytes&quot;:300387,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/185620478?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8Pc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcb7637d-6cc7-4be9-8b74-81dcb36481f1_776x438.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Son karar, bir kez daha <strong>Madame Brotte&#8217;ye</strong> aittir. Ya&#351;am&#305;n&#305;n sonuna yakla&#351;&#305;rken, do&#287;du&#287;u topraklarda &#246;lmek ve Fransa&#8217;da g&#246;m&#252;lmek ister. Bursa, art&#305;k onun i&#231;in ge&#231;mi&#351;e ait bir durakt&#305;r. Bu arzunun da etkisiyle, yakla&#351;&#305;k <strong>1934 y&#305;l&#305; civar&#305;nda Hotel d&#8217;Anatolie, Uluca Karde&#351;ler&#8217;e sat&#305;l&#305;r</strong>. Yeni i&#351;letmeciler, oteli <strong>&#8220;Madam Brot Anadolu Oteli&#8221;</strong> ad&#305;yla s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;r. &#304;sim kal&#305;r, hayatlar de&#287;i&#351;ir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg" width="350" height="261.39240506329116" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6sC2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253294bd-59a6-4ec4-ae5a-ffc3ba5151d7_790x590.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Cumhuriyet Gazetesi&#8217;nin 30 Mart 1934 tarihili say&#305;s&#305;nda Anadolu Oteli&#8217;nin sat&#305;l&#305;k ilan&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><p>Anne ve o&#287;ul Fransa&#8217;ya do&#287;ru yola &#231;&#305;kt&#305;klar&#305;nda, Bursa&#8217;da geriye anlat&#305;lar kal&#305;r. Alt&#305;parmak&#8217;tan ge&#231;erken h&#226;l&#226; f&#305;s&#305;lt&#305;yla aktar&#305;lan, fabrika ile otelin birbirine kar&#305;&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305;, ger&#231;e&#287;in efsaneyle i&#231; i&#231;e ge&#231;ti&#287;i <strong>Madam Brotte hik&#226;yesi</strong>&#8230; Tam da bu nedenle, bu hik&#226;ye Bursa kent tarihinin yeniden, dikkatle ve sab&#305;rla okunmay&#305; hak eden katmanlar&#305;ndan biridir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sNMm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4281597b-2718-4a68-8dd3-29cbdb3ab5b3_1540x860.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sNMm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4281597b-2718-4a68-8dd3-29cbdb3ab5b3_1540x860.png" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4AHN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18381d13-f61b-4501-b95e-fdd3495fcba8_1434x868.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4AHN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18381d13-f61b-4501-b95e-fdd3495fcba8_1434x868.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4AHN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18381d13-f61b-4501-b95e-fdd3495fcba8_1434x868.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4AHN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18381d13-f61b-4501-b95e-fdd3495fcba8_1434x868.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Uluca Karde&#351;ler taraf&#305;ndan da uzun y&#305;llar i&#351;letildikten sonra 1970&#8217;li y&#305;llarda &#231;ok k&#305;ymetli arsas&#305;yla Petek &#304;n&#351;aat&#8217;a verilir, ar&#305;ndan yerine bug&#252;nk&#252; apartman in&#351;a edilir. </p><div class="pullquote"><p>Kaynaklar:</p><p>&#304;smail Ya&#351;ayanlar, <em>Osmanl&#305; D&#246;nemi Bursa Otelleri</em> (Bursa: Nil&#252;fer Belediyesi Akk&#305;l&#305;&#231; K&#252;t&#252;phanesi Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, 2013).</p><p>Ceyhun &#304;rgil, G&#252;ney &#214;zk&#305;l&#305;n&#231; ve Deniz Dalk&#305;l&#305;n&#231;, <em>Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n Kad&#305;n Y&#252;z&#252;: Bursa&#8217;ya Dokunan Kad&#305;nlar&#305;n Foto&#287;rafl&#305; Ya&#351;am &#214;yk&#252;leri</em> (Bursa: ASA Kitabevi Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, 2013).</p><p></p><p></p></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[TRT 2'nin İsmail Hakkı Bursevî Belgeseli Üzerine Birkaç Keskin Not]]></title><description><![CDATA[TRT 2&#8217;nin haz&#305;rlad&#305;&#287;&#305; &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238; belgeselini YouTube&#8217;de yay&#305;nlan&#305;r yay&#305;nlanmaz izledim.]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/trt-2nin-ismail-hakk-bursevi-belgeseli</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/trt-2nin-ismail-hakk-bursevi-belgeseli</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 11:23:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg" width="686" height="386" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:386,&quot;width&quot;:686,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:41570,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/184009497?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_XYG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf653faf-32be-46d8-9601-6c246344f5e8_686x386.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>TRT 2&#8217;nin haz&#305;rlad&#305;&#287;&#305; &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238; belgeselini YouTube&#8217;de yay&#305;nlan&#305;r yay&#305;nlanmaz izledim.<br>S&#246;z&#252;n &#246;z&#252; &#351;u: <em>Olmam&#305;&#351;.</em><br>Hem de hi&#231;.</p><p>Belgesel daha a&#231;&#305;l&#305;&#351; sahnesinden kli&#351;enin konforlu koltu&#287;una yaslan&#305;yor.<br>Hepimizin ezberledi&#287;i o sahne:<br>&#8220;G&#252;ndelik hayat&#305;n hengamesinden bunalan adam, teselliyi kitaplarda bulur...&#8221;<br>Bu kli&#351;e, Bursev&#238; gibi kendi &#231;a&#287;&#305;n&#305;n ufkunu geni&#351;letmi&#351; bir d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;r&#252; &#246;yle indirger ki, izleyici daha ilk dakikada Bursev&#238;&#8217;nin zihinsel evreniyle ba&#287; kurma ihtimalini kaybeder.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6Ot!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F472fac3c-eda6-421b-8885-455b2fad0e29_1640x890.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6Ot!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F472fac3c-eda6-421b-8885-455b2fad0e29_1640x890.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6Ot!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F472fac3c-eda6-421b-8885-455b2fad0e29_1640x890.png 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6Ot!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F472fac3c-eda6-421b-8885-455b2fad0e29_1640x890.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6Ot!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F472fac3c-eda6-421b-8885-455b2fad0e29_1640x890.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6Ot!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F472fac3c-eda6-421b-8885-455b2fad0e29_1640x890.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6Ot!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F472fac3c-eda6-421b-8885-455b2fad0e29_1640x890.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Bursev&#238;&#8217;nin d&#252;nyas&#305; b&#246;yle &#8220;ka&#231;&#305;&#351; psikolojisi&#8221;yle ba&#351;lamaz.<br>Onun metinlerinde, d&#252;nyaya s&#305;rt d&#246;nmek kadar d&#252;nyay&#305; d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rme arzusu da vard&#305;r.<br>Belgesel ise, bu geni&#351;li&#287;i fark edemedi&#287;i i&#231;in, Bursev&#238;&#8217;den &#231;ok, <strong>yal&#305;nkat bir modern yaln&#305;zl&#305;k hikayesi anlat&#305;yor</strong>.<br>Bu da ka&#231;&#305;n&#305;lmaz bi&#231;imde &#351;u itirafa &#231;&#305;kar:<br><strong>Biz Bursev&#238;&#8217;yi h&#226;l&#226; anlam&#305;yoruz.</strong></p><p>Ard&#305;ndan daha da tats&#305;z bir ikinci sorun beliriyor:<br>Belgesel ilerledik&#231;e, buharla&#351;an bir anlat&#305; ile kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;&#305;yoruz.<br>C&#252;mleler m&#252;phem, sorular koyu sisli; idealler belirsiz.<br>Bir &#8220;Tanp&#305;narsal melankoli&#8221; taklit&#231;ili&#287;i var ortada.<br>G&#252;ya &#351;iirsellik; ger&#231;ekte ise <em>y&#252;zeysel nostalji</em>.<br>Bug&#252;n&#252;n izleyicisi art&#305;k bu bayat lamelamelere pekala tahamm&#252;l edecek sabra sahip de&#287;il.</p><p>Hakikat &#351;u:<br>E&#287;er 21. y&#252;zy&#305;lda bir yazar&#305;n do&#287;umunun 300. y&#305;l&#305;n&#305; an&#305;yorsan&#305;z, bunu <strong>yeni bir dil, yeni bir bak&#305;&#351;, yeni bir soruyla</strong> yapmak zorundas&#305;n&#305;z.<br>&#214;zellikle Bursev&#238; gibi eserleriyle h&#226;l&#226; tart&#305;&#351;&#305;labilecek kadar ya&#351;ayan bir d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;r s&#246;z konusuysa.</p><p>Gelelim en tan&#305;d&#305;k derde.<br>Belgeseldeki y&#252;zleri art&#305;k ezberledik.<br>Ekrana yine ayn&#305; ilahiyat&#231;&#305;lar diziliyor, yine ayn&#305; kal&#305;pla&#351;m&#305;&#351; kavramlar&#305; d&#246;n&#252;p dola&#351;&#305;p &#246;n&#252;m&#252;ze koyuyorlar.<br>Yar&#305;m as&#305;rd&#305;r &#8220;a&#231;&#305;lmay&#305; bekleyen s&#305;r&#8221; gibi dola&#351;an <strong>Buhara Bursa Bosna</strong> &#252;&#231;lemesi, yine hi&#231;bir &#351;ey a&#231;&#305;klamayan bir simya form&#252;l&#252; gibi zikrediliyor.<br>Elbette yine hi&#231;bir yere varmadan.</p><p>Bu tekrar eden rit&#252;elin ard&#305;nda daha derin bir problem var:<br><strong>Ayn&#305; isimler, ayn&#305; yorumlar, ayn&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;nsel tekel.</strong><br>Yeni sorulara kapal&#305;, gen&#231; akademisyenlere set &#231;ekmeyi marifet sayan, fikr&#238; merak&#305;n yerine itaat k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252; koyan; emeklili&#287;i, n&#246;bet devrini, yer a&#231;may&#305; bilmeyen bir yap&#305;.<br>Bu belgesel de o zihniyetin yans&#305;mas&#305;.</p><p>Belki de as&#305;l elem verici olan &#351;u:<br>&#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238; kadar geni&#351; bir ufku olan bir ismi, <strong>k&#252;&#231;&#252;lt&#252;yor</strong>, <strong>daralt&#305;yor</strong> ve <strong>rahatlat&#305;c&#305; kli&#351;elere g&#246;m&#252;yoruz</strong>.<br>Bu, ka&#351; yapay&#305;m derken g&#246;z &#231;&#305;karmakt&#305;r.</p><p>D&#246;rt y&#252;z&#252;nc&#252; y&#305;lda da bir belgesel yap&#305;l&#305;rsa, &#351;imdiden tahmin etmek zor de&#287;il:<br>Ayn&#305; y&#252;zler, ayn&#305; s&#246;zler, ayn&#305; &#252;&#231; co&#287;rafyan&#305;n ayn&#305; retori&#287;i.<br>O zamana kadar Bursev&#238; yeniden ke&#351;fedilmezse, belki de hakikatin kendisi buna direnir.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Şeyhi Kim Öldürdü? İsmail Hakkı Bursevî Dergâhında Bir Cinayet, Güç Savaşları ve Vakfiyenin Hikayesi]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bir Tekkenin ve Ailenin Kay&#305;p Tarihi]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/seyhi-kim-oldurdu-ismail-hakk-bursevi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/seyhi-kim-oldurdu-ismail-hakk-bursevi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 2026 10:22:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg" width="1280" height="863" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:863,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:291279,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/183539487?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wFY0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa81da446-4f35-475f-88bf-26fb508cfdfe_1280x863.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>11 Kas&#305;m 1853 gecesi, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n Tuzpazar&#305; semtinde, Hikmetizade Tekkesi&#8217;nin lo&#351; odalar&#305;nda bir cinayet i&#351;lendi.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> &#350;eyh Mehmed Hikmeti Efendi, dairesinde Kuran okurken, kimli&#287;i belirsiz bir el taraf&#305;ndan b&#305;&#231;aklanarak hayata veda etti. O geceyi izleyen sabah, ya&#351;ananlar bir &#351;eyhin &#246;l&#252;m&#252;yle s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmayacak, bir derg&#226;h&#305;n gelece&#287;ini belirleyecek uzun bir kavgan&#305;n ba&#351;lang&#305;c&#305;yla da hat&#305;rlanacakt&#305;. Katil kimdi? Derg&#226;h&#305;n en b&#252;y&#252;k gelir kayna&#287;&#305; olan vak&#305;f k&#246;yleriyle y&#305;llard&#305;r s&#252;ren &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar&#305;n bir sonucu muydu? Yoksa post kavgas&#305;nda bir t&#252;rl&#252; geri ad&#305;m atmayan akrabalar&#305;n i&#351;i miydi?</p><p>Tasavvuf tarihine dair yayg&#305;n imge, huzurun, maneviyat&#305;n ve dinginli&#287;in etraf&#305;nda &#351;ekillenir. Tekke hayat&#305; &#231;o&#287;u kez i&#231;e kapanm&#305;&#351; bir maneviyat d&#252;nyas&#305;, dua ve zikirle &#246;r&#252;l&#252; bir s&#252;k&#251;net atmosferi olarak anlat&#305;l&#305;r. Oysa bu anlat&#305;lar&#305;n ard&#305;nda, vak&#305;f gelirlerinin payla&#351;&#305;m&#305;, postun kime intikal edece&#287;i, cemaat &#252;zerindeki n&#252;fuz m&#252;cadeleleri ve kimi zaman &#351;iddetle sonu&#231;lanan iktidar kavgalar&#305; vard&#305;r. Bursa&#8217;daki &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305;, bu gerilimin en g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r y&#252;zlerinden birini sunar; sufi gelene&#287;in huzurlu y&#252;z&#252;n&#252;n ard&#305;nda sakl&#305; kalan &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar&#305; g&#252;n y&#252;z&#252;ne &#231;&#305;kar&#305;r.</p><p>Bu &#231;al&#305;&#351;mada, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l Bursa&#8217;s&#305;nda &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305;n&#305;n mikro tarihine odaklanaca&#287;&#305;z, bir &#351;eyhin &#246;ld&#252;r&#252;lmesiyle ba&#351;layan ve karde&#351;i Faik Efendi&#8217;nin &#351;eyhli&#287;i s&#305;ras&#305;nda devam eden uzun soluklu m&#252;cadeleleri inceleyerek bir as&#305;r sonra bir cinayetin arkeolojisini yapaca&#287;&#305;z. Ayr&#305;ca, vak&#305;f gelirleri &#252;zerindeki &#231;eki&#351;meler, post kavgalar&#305; ve Osmanl&#305; devletinin merkezile&#351;en mali politikalar&#305; &#252;zerinden okunarak, &#351;eyhli&#287;in yaln&#305;zca bir manevi rehberlik makam&#305;n&#305;n &#246;tesinde karma&#351;&#305;k toplumsal, ekonomik ve siyasi ili&#351;kiler a&#287;&#305; i&#231;inde tan&#305;mlanan bir pozisyon oldu&#287;u anlayaca&#287;&#305;z.</p><p><strong>&#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238;&#8217;nin &#214;l&#252;m&#252; Sonras&#305; Tekkesinin Ak&#305;beti</strong></p><p>Bir tekkenin sosyal ve kurumsal tarihinde, &#351;eyhlik silsilesinin kimlerin eline ge&#231;ti&#287;i, vak&#305;f gelirleriyle birlikte en belirleyici unsurlardan biridir. Bu nedenle, cinayetten bir as&#305;r evvele giderek &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238;&#8217;nin<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a> 1725 y&#305;l&#305;ndaki vefat&#305;n&#305;n ard&#305;ndan derg&#226;h&#305;n nas&#305;l bir y&#246;netime girdi&#287;ini ve &#246;zellikle Hikmetizade ailesinin kontrol&#252; nas&#305;l tesis etti&#287;ini incelemek, sonraki y&#305;llarda ya&#351;anan gerilimleri anlamak i&#231;in elzemdir.</p><p>Bursev&#238;&#8217;nin &#246;l&#252;m&#252;nden sonra post, o&#287;lu Bahaeddin Efendi&#8217;ye intikal etmi&#351;, ancak onun da 1727&#8217;deki erken &#246;l&#252;m&#252; &#252;zerine derg&#226;h yakla&#351;&#305;k yirmi y&#305;l boyunca da&#287;&#305;n&#305;k bir halde kalm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Bu bo&#351;luk d&#246;nemi, tekkenin kurumsal s&#252;reklili&#287;inde &#246;nemli bir k&#305;r&#305;lmay&#305; temsil eder. &#304;&#351;te bu ba&#287;lamda Bursevi&#8217;nin halifelerinden Tekirda&#287;l&#305; Hikmeti Mehmed Efendi&#8217;nin rol&#252; &#246;ne &#231;&#305;kar. Hikmeti Efendi, hen&#252;z &#231;ocuk ya&#351;ta iken Bursevi ile Tekirda&#287;&#8217;da temas kurmu&#351;, daha sonra Bursa&#8217;ya g&#246;&#231; ederek Celvetiyye tarikat&#305; i&#231;inde y&#252;kselmi&#351;tir. Seyr-i s&#252;l&#251;kunu tamamlayan Hikmeti Efendi, &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Tekkesi&#8217;ni i&#231;inde bulundu&#287;u da&#287;&#305;n&#305;kl&#305;ktan kurtararak 1751&#8217;de postni&#351;in olmu&#351;, derg&#226;ha &#231;e&#351;itli gelirler tesis etmi&#351; ve yaln&#305;zca bir y&#305;l s&#252;ren &#351;eyhli&#287;inin ard&#305;ndan 1752&#8217;de vefat etmi&#351;tir.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a>Nitekim bu k&#305;sa s&#252;reye ra&#287;men onun &#351;ahs&#305;nda ba&#351;layan silsile, sonraki ku&#351;aklarda derg&#226;h&#305;n kaderini tayin eden bir s&#252;reklili&#287;in temelini atm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bursevi&#8217;nin soyundan gelenlerin de&#287;il, Hikmetizadelerin &#351;eyhlik postunu devralmas&#305;, tasavvuf tarihindeki &#8220;kan ba&#287;&#305; ile manev&#238; evlat&#8221; aras&#305;ndaki ayr&#305;m&#305;n tipik bir &#246;rne&#287;i olarak g&#246;r&#252;lebilir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IgCr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F45fada55-7a99-43fd-9e93-fbaeb397320e_1366x736.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IgCr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F45fada55-7a99-43fd-9e93-fbaeb397320e_1366x736.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IgCr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F45fada55-7a99-43fd-9e93-fbaeb397320e_1366x736.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IgCr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F45fada55-7a99-43fd-9e93-fbaeb397320e_1366x736.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IgCr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F45fada55-7a99-43fd-9e93-fbaeb397320e_1366x736.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IgCr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F45fada55-7a99-43fd-9e93-fbaeb397320e_1366x736.png" width="1366" height="736" 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Bursevi Dergah&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n ve Soka&#287;&#305;n (&#199;&#305;kmaz&#305;n) ad&#305;n&#305;n &#8220;Hikmetizade&#8221; olarak g&#246;r&#252;nd&#252;&#287;&#252; 1862 y&#305;l&#305;nda M&#252;hendishane-i H&#252;mayun tarad&#305;ndan yay&#305;mlanan &#8220;Bursa &#351;ehri harita mufassalas&#305;&#8221;, SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Ar&#351;ivi</figcaption></figure></div><p>Nitekim &#350;emseddin Ulusoy&#8217;un i&#351;aret etti&#287;i &#252;zere Bursev&#238;, bir nutkunda kendi soyunun Rumeli k&#246;kenli Hikmetizadeler &#252;zerinden devam edece&#287;ini &#246;ng&#246;rm&#252;&#351;t&#252;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="#footnote-4" target="_self">4</a> Bu yorum, yaz&#305;l&#305; ve s&#246;zl&#252; gelenekler ve manevi i&#351;aretler arac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla me&#351;ruiyet tesis etmenin klasik bir &#246;rne&#287;i olarak da de&#287;erlendirilebilir. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla, Bursev&#238;&#8217;nin vefat&#305;ndan sonraki yakla&#351;&#305;k yirmi y&#305;ll&#305;k d&#246;nem, tekkenin &#8220;sahipsiz&#8221; kald&#305;&#287;&#305; bir bo&#351;lukla, ard&#305;ndan gelen Hikmetizade d&#246;nemiyle birlikte kurumsal kimli&#287;ini yeniden in&#351;a etti&#287;i bir e&#351;ik olarak g&#246;r&#252;lmelidir. D&#246;neminde derg&#226;h&#305;n ve hatta bulundu&#287;u soka&#287;&#305;n &#8220;Hikmetizade&#8221; ad&#305;yla an&#305;lmas&#305;, bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n ne kadar k&#246;kl&#252; bir etki yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a ortaya koymaktad&#305;r.</p><p>&#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursevi ve halifesi Mehmet Efendi&#8217;nin soyundan gelen Hikmetizade Ailesi&#8217;nin sadece derg&#226;hta g&#246;rev yapan &#351;eyhlerin ve erkek evladlar&#305;n&#305;n dahil oldu&#287;u soy a&#287;ac&#305; &#351;u &#351;ekildedir:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:78224,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/183539487?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tYIJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe35260ee-56e6-4726-8149-2af9738ac01f_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; K&#246;y&#252; ve Vak&#305;f&#305;n Hikayesi</strong></p><p>Bursa Ovas&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n sabah sisi, K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n dereleri &#252;zerinde a&#287;&#305;r a&#287;&#305;r y&#252;kselirdi. Her sabah k&#246;yl&#252;ler dere kenar&#305;na inip elindeki orakla saz bi&#231;erdi; kurutulan bu sazlar kimi zaman bir s&#252;p&#252;rge, kimi zaman da ambalaj i&#231;in &#246;r&#252;len has&#305;r sepete d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;rd&#252;. &#199;ocuklar, bahar&#305;n serin sabahlar&#305;nda dut bah&#231;elerine girip dallardaki yapraklar&#305; toplar, ard&#305;ndan evlerin k&#252;&#231;&#252;k odalar&#305;nda k&#305;m&#305;l k&#305;m&#305;l hareket eden ipekb&#246;ceklerine sunarlard&#305;. Yaz aylar&#305;nda kiremit ocaklar&#305;n&#305;n &#246;n&#252;nde y&#252;kselen duman, k&#246;y&#252;n uzaklardan se&#231;ilen i&#351;aret fi&#351;e&#287;i gibiydi. K&#305;&#351;&#305;n ise <em>Hatab</em><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-5" href="#footnote-5" target="_self">5</a><em><strong> </strong></em>korusundan getirilen odunlarla &#305;s&#305;n&#305;l&#305;r, kiremit ocaklar&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;r&#305;l&#305;r ve tar&#305;m aletleri yap&#305;l&#305;rd&#305;. B&#246;ylece do&#287;a, k&#246;y&#252;n her an&#305;nda hem ge&#231;im kayna&#287;&#305; hem de g&#252;ndelik hayat&#305;n ayr&#305;lmaz par&#231;as&#305;yd&#305;.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-6" href="#footnote-6" target="_self">6</a></p><p>Yukar&#305;da k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir hikayeyle sosyoekonomik ya&#351;ant&#305;s&#305;n&#305; &#246;zetlenen K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305;, ya da o d&#246;nemki ad&#305;yla <em>Bal&#305;kl&#305;-i Sagir</em>, Osmanl&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n vak&#305;f d&#252;zeni i&#231;indeki bir k&#246;yd&#252;. Ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta padi&#351;ah&#305;n hassa k&#246;ylerinden biri olup saray &#231;evresindeki g&#246;revlilere tasarruf hakk&#305; verilmi&#351;, ard&#305;ndan baz&#305; b&#246;l&#252;mleri kurulan vak&#305;flarla par&#231;alanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. &#214;rne&#287;in, 1569&#8217;da Bursa&#8217;da s&#252;rg&#252;ndeki &#350;eyh&#252;lislam Vani Mehmed Efendi&#8217;nin vak&#305;flar&#305; aras&#305;nda g&#246;r&#252;lmesi, k&#246;y&#252;n ne kadar stratejik oldu&#287;unu g&#246;sterir. 1573 tahririnde de Dervi&#351; Mehmed o&#287;lu Muhiddin&#8217;den Yeni&#231;eri &#304;lyas&#8217;a kadar pek &#231;ok ki&#351;i k&#246;y&#252;n farkl&#305; tarlalar&#305;n&#305; ve sazl&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; kontrol etmekteydi. Bu kay&#305;tlar, bir k&#246;y&#252;n asl&#305;nda ne kadar &#231;ok &#231;&#305;kar oda&#287;&#305;n&#305;n kesi&#351;im noktas&#305;na d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; de g&#246;sterir. K&#246;y&#252;n s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; 1724 tarihli tahrir kayd&#305;nda ayr&#305;nt&#305;l&#305; &#351;ekilde &#231;izilir: <em>Mondrac&#305; (veya Murdarca) K&#246;pr&#252;s&#252;&#8217;nden kuzeye Kavaklar&#8217;a, oradan Hac&#305; H&#252;seyin&#8217;in yapt&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305; ah&#351;ap k&#246;pr&#252;ye ve kiremithanelere, &#199;&#305;narl&#305;&#231;e&#351;me&#8217;ye, Bal&#305;kl&#305; Mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8217;na ve Hac&#305; H&#252;seyin&#8217;in yapt&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305; kule ve Bursa yoluna</em>&#8230; Bu s&#305;n&#305;rlar, k&#246;y&#252;n co&#287;rafi &#231;er&#231;evesi i&#231;indeki ekonomik damarlar&#305;n&#305;n g&#246;stergesidir. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; dere, sazl&#305;k, kovanl&#305;k, koru ve tarla ve mera bu s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305;n i&#231;inde hayat buluyordu.</p><p>Demografi ise k&#246;y&#252;n kimli&#287;ini &#351;ekillendiren en &#246;nemli unsurlardan biridir. Raif Kaplano&#287;lu, k&#246;y&#252;n Bizans&#8217;tan miras kalan bir Rum k&#246;y&#252; oldu&#287;unu s&#246;yler. 16. y&#252;zy&#305;lda iki yeni&#231;eri, onlar&#305;n hizmetindeki k&#246;leler, birka&#231; taze m&#252;htedi ve topraks&#305;z k&#246;yl&#252;ler vard&#305;. 18. y&#252;zy&#305;la gelindi&#287;inde n&#252;fus biraz artm&#305;&#351;, 14 M&#252;sl&#252;man h&#226;ne k&#246;yde kay&#305;tl&#305;yd&#305;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-7" href="#footnote-7" target="_self">7</a> 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l ortalar&#305;nda, yani Hikmeti Mehmed Efendi&#8217;nin &#246;ld&#252;r&#252;ld&#252;&#287;&#252; 1853&#8217;te, varidat defterine g&#246;re K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305;&#8217;da 31 hane bulunmaktayd&#305; ve k&#246;y&#252;n toplam y&#305;ll&#305;k geliri 43.899 ak&#231;eydi. Bu hesaplara g&#246;re 15 hane orta-&#252;st gelir grubuna d&#226;hildi, yaln&#305;zca 1 hane ise fakir durumda g&#246;r&#252;nmekteydi. Ortalama hane geliri 1.493 ak&#231;eydi ki bu mebla&#287;, K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305;&#8217;y&#305; Bursa Ovas&#305; k&#246;yleri aras&#305;nda orta gelir grubuna yerle&#351;tiriyordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-8" href="#footnote-8" target="_self">8</a></p><p>Sazdan kiremite, dut yapra&#287;&#305;ndan ipek kozas&#305;na, odun k&#252;t&#252;&#287;&#252;nden yakaca&#287;a kadar her &#351;ey k&#246;yl&#252;n&#252;n eme&#287;iyle do&#287;adan &#231;&#305;kar&#305;l&#305;p d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;l&#252;yordu. Bu &#252;retim d&#246;ng&#252;s&#252; iktisadi, sosyal ve k&#252;lt&#252;rel bir &#246;rg&#252;tlenmeyi de beraberinde getiriyordu. Osmanl&#305; k&#246;yl&#252;s&#252;n&#252;n g&#252;ndelik ya&#351;am&#305; &#231;o&#287;u kez do&#287;rudan do&#287;ayla m&#252;zakere h&#226;lindeydi; do&#287;a, vak&#305;f d&#252;zeni arac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla ekonomik sistemin i&#231;ine &#231;ekiliyor ve k&#246;yl&#252; eme&#287;i bu sistemin s&#252;reklili&#287;ini sa&#287;l&#305;yordu. K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; &#246;rne&#287;i, bu ili&#351;kinin en somut g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;mlerinden biridir: her ku&#351;ak hem vakf&#305;n d&#252;zenine hizmet ediyor hem de kendi ge&#231;imini sa&#287;l&#305;yordu.</p><p>Sultan Abd&#252;lmecid devrinde, Darphane-i &#194;mire eski naz&#305;r&#305; H&#252;seyin H&#252;sn&#252; Bey, Bursa hassa-&#305; h&#252;m&#226;yununa ba&#287;l&#305; K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;nde yer alan 3.950 d&#246;n&#252;ml&#252;k tarla, sazl&#305;k, kovanl&#305;k, koru ve &#231;ay&#305;r&#305; kapsayan arazinin &#246;&#351;r-i mukataas&#305;n&#305;n mutasarr&#305;f&#305;yd&#305;. Bu durum, &#246;m&#252;r boyu kullan&#305;m hakk&#305; tan&#305;yan klasik bir <em>bervech-i m&#226;lik&#226;ne</em> &#246;rne&#287;i olarak kar&#351;&#305;m&#305;za &#231;&#305;kmaktad&#305;r. 1847 tarihli bir vak&#305;f ferman&#305;na g&#246;re bu arazi, d&#246;n&#252;m&#252; 25 ak&#231;e &#252;zerinden 150 seneden beri 98.750 ak&#231;e bedel kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;nda H&#252;seyin H&#252;sn&#252; Bey taraf&#305;ndan i&#351;letilmekteydi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg" width="508" height="729.5197792088317" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1561,&quot;width&quot;:1087,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:508,&quot;bytes&quot;:1014427,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/183539487?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!El5k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd331319a-4b36-4800-a38f-e57264156623_1087x1561.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Bursevi Dergah&#305;&#8217;na ba&#287;&#305;&#351;lanan K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305;&#8217;daki arazilerin vakfiyesi, VGM Ar&#351;ivi, yay: H. Eldemir.</figcaption></figure></div><p>H&#252;seyin H&#252;sn&#252; Bey&#8217;in vefat&#305;ndan sonra, varisleri Abdullah ve K&#226;mil Beyler, babalar&#305;n&#305;n daha &#246;nce ayn&#305; k&#246;yde &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238; Derg&#226;h&#305;&#8217;na vakfetti&#287;i bir menzil ve bir hadikaya (bah&#231;e) ek olarak s&#246;z konusu 3.950 d&#246;n&#252;ml&#252;k arazinin de vakfedilmesine karar verdiler. Asl&#305;nda H&#252;seyin H&#252;sn&#252; Bey hayattayken bu arazilerin de vak&#305;f kapsam&#305;na al&#305;nmas&#305; &#246;ng&#246;r&#252;lm&#252;&#351;se de ne sebeple oldu&#287;u bilinmez, s&#252;re&#231; tamamlanmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Ancak 1847 tarihli, Sultan Abd&#252;lmecid tu&#287;ral&#305; bir fermanla bu eksiklik giderilmi&#351;, araziler resmen vakfa dahil edilmi&#351; ve k&#246;yde m&#252;lk sahibi olan di&#287;er &#351;ah&#305;slara da durumun ve vakf&#305;n s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305;n&#305;n tebli&#287; edilmesi istenmi&#351;ti.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-9" href="#footnote-9" target="_self">9</a> &#214;te yandan, vak&#305;f resm&#238; olarak belgelenmeden evvel, 1844 tarihli temettuat defterinin K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;ne ait kay&#305;tlar&#305;, Hikmetizade Tekkesi&#8217;nin o d&#246;nemki &#351;eyhi Refet Efendi&#8217;nin hat&#305;r&#305; say&#305;l&#305;r bir mal varl&#305;&#287;&#305;na sahip oldu&#287;unu g&#246;stermektedir. Defterdeki verilere g&#246;re Refet Efendi&#8217;nin m&#252;lkiyetinde 600 d&#246;n&#252;m &#231;ay&#305;r, 600 d&#246;n&#252;m tarla ve 400 d&#246;n&#252;m&#252; kiraya verilmi&#351; olmak &#252;zere toplam 1.600 d&#246;n&#252;m arazi bulunmaktayd&#305;. Ayr&#305;ca ye&#287;enleri ve kendisinden sonra s&#305;rayla &#351;eyh olacak olan, Hikmet Molla ve Faik Molla da babalar&#305; &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Efendi&#8217;den intikal eden 820 d&#246;n&#252;m arazi &#252;zerinde hak sahibiydiler.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-10" href="#footnote-10" target="_self">10</a> Buradan hareketle, vakf&#305;n resm&#238;le&#351;mesinden &#246;nce dahi tekkenin maddi dayanaklar&#305;n&#305;n g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir &#351;ekilde olu&#351;tu&#287;u, ancak bu birikimin ilerleyen y&#305;llarda hem aile i&#231;i rekabetin hem de k&#246;yl&#252;&#8211;&#351;eyh ili&#351;kilerinin temel gerilim alanlar&#305;ndan biri h&#226;line gelece&#287;i anla&#351;&#305;lmaktad&#305;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-11" href="#footnote-11" target="_self">11</a></p><p>Maddi boyutlara dair bu kadar ayr&#305;nt&#305;ya girmemizin nedeni, ilerleyen sayfalarda ele al&#305;nacak &#231;eki&#351;melerin zeminini haz&#305;rlamakt&#305;r. Zira &#351;eyhler ve onlar&#305;n aileleri i&#231;in K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;n&#252;n &#246;&#351;&#252;r gelirleri, neredeyse tek ge&#231;im kayna&#287;&#305;n&#305; te&#351;kil ediyordu. &#304;maml&#305;k ya da dini hizmetler d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda ba&#351;ka bir mesleki gelir kap&#305;s&#305; bulunmad&#305;&#287;&#305;ndan, bu gelirlerin korunmas&#305; u&#287;runa y&#305;llarca m&#252;cadele verilmi&#351;, hatta aile fertleri aras&#305;nda dahi rekabet do&#287;mu&#351;tur. &#304;&#351;te bundan sonra anlat&#305;lacak olanlar, &#246;nce a&#287;abeyi Hikmeti Mehmed Efendi ile, ard&#305;ndan da tek ba&#351;&#305;na postni&#351;in olan Faik Efendi&#8217;nin hik&#226;yesi etraf&#305;nda &#351;ekillenen uzun bir iktidar ve ge&#231;im m&#252;cadelesinin sahnesidir. Okuru &#351;imdi, derg&#226;h&#305;n manevi otoritesinden ziyade maddi varl&#305;klar&#305; &#252;zerinden geli&#351;en bu &#231;eki&#351;meli d&#252;nyaya davet ediyoruz.</p><p><strong>Mehmed Hikmet Efendi&#8217;nin &#214;l&#252;m&#252; ve Sonras&#305;</strong></p><p>&#350;eyh &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Efendi&#8217;nin vefat&#305;yla birlikte post, en b&#252;y&#252;k o&#287;lu Mehmed Hikmet Efendi&#8217;ye ge&#231;ti. &#214;te yandan karde&#351;i Faik Efendi ve kuzenleri R&#305;fk&#305; Efendi de &#351;eyhlik hissesi sahibiydi. Yeni elde edilen vak&#305;f k&#246;y&#252;n&#252;n sorunlar&#305; kap&#305;y&#305; &#231;al&#305;yor, gen&#231; &#351;eyhi zor g&#252;nler bekliyordu. Daha &#246;nce de de&#287;indi&#287;imiz gibi vakfiye kay&#305;tlar&#305; bize bu topraklar&#305;n s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305;n&#305;n 1847&#8217;de belirginle&#351;ti&#287;ini s&#246;yl&#252;yor. Abdullah ve K&#226;mil Beylerin vakfetmesiyle derg&#226;h&#305;n vakfiyesinin yeni s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; bir kez &#231;izilince, bir anda 3950 d&#246;n&#252;ml&#252;k koca bir arazi vak&#305;f mal&#305; olarak tescil edildi. O zamana kadar bu topraklar&#305; i&#351;leyen k&#246;yl&#252;ler ve m&#252;lk sahipleri i&#231;in bu, b&#252;y&#252;k bir de&#287;i&#351;imdi. Onlar a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan al&#305;&#351;ageldikleri kullan&#305;m bi&#231;imleri alt&#252;st olmu&#351;, yeni efendilerin kontrol&#252;ne girmi&#351;lerdi. &#304;&#351;te bu gerginli&#287;in, k&#305;sa s&#252;re i&#231;inde &#350;eyh Hikmet Efendi&#8217;nin b&#305;&#231;aklanarak &#246;ld&#252;r&#252;lmesine varacak bir krizi do&#287;urdu&#287;unu iddia edebiliriz.</p><p>Resm&#238; belgeler burada suskun. &#214;l&#252;m&#252;n ard&#305;ndan team&#252;ller gere&#287;i abisinden kalan b&#252;t&#252;n hisselerin Faik Efendi&#8217;ye ge&#231;ti&#287;ini biliyoruz ama &#246;l&#252;m sebebini anlatan do&#287;rudan bir kay&#305;t elimizde yok. Buna kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k &#350;emseddin Ulusoy&#8217;un aktard&#305;klar&#305; ve ondan yararlanarak yazan K&#226;mil Kepecio&#287;lu&#8217;nun s&#246;zleri, &#246;l&#252;m&#252;n k&#246;yl&#252;ler taraf&#305;ndan tutulan bir kiral&#305;k katil ya da k&#246;yl&#252;lerin k&#305;&#351;k&#305;rtt&#305;&#287;&#305; biri taraf&#305;ndan ger&#231;ekle&#351;ti&#287;ine i&#351;aret ediyor. Ulusoy, bu bilgiyi hem derg&#226;h&#305;n kendi defterlerine hem de Narl&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305; &#351;eyhi Fahreddin Efendi&#8217;nin notlar&#305;na dayand&#305;r&#305;yor.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-12" href="#footnote-12" target="_self">12</a> Demek ki bu cinayet, Bursa&#8217;daki di&#287;er &#351;eyhler aras&#305;nda da konu&#351;ulmu&#351;, tarih d&#252;&#351;&#252;lm&#252;&#351; ve kayda ge&#231;irilmi&#351;. Akrabalar&#305;n&#305;n i&#351;in i&#231;inde oldu&#287;u y&#246;n&#252;ndeki rivayet ise daha az inand&#305;r&#305;c&#305; g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;yor. Ama kesin olan &#351;u: Hikmet Efendi b&#305;&#231;aklanarak &#246;ld&#252;r&#252;ld&#252;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg" width="476" height="357" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:476,&quot;bytes&quot;:715835,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/183539487?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aiSt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9b7bb7-318b-4c6d-83e6-5818cf0da899_1920x1440.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Tuzpazar&#305;/ Bursa&#8217;daki &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursevi Haziresi; &#351;ebeke i&#231;indeki Bursevi&#8217;nin 1900 y&#305;l&#305;nda Hac&#305; Ali Pa&#351;a taraf&#305;ndan yapt&#305;r&#305;lan mezar&#305;, di&#287;er ta&#351;larsa Hikmetizade ailesinin fertlerine ait.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Atilla Aytekin&#8217;in Osmanl&#305; k&#246;yl&#252;leri &#252;zerine yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;mada i&#351;aret etti&#287;i &#252;zere, tarih yaz&#305;m&#305;nda k&#246;yl&#252;ler &#231;o&#287;u kez pasif, devlete ba&#287;l&#305; ve kendi iradesinden yoksun unsurlar olarak tasvir edilmi&#351;tir. Oysa Osmanl&#305; tarihinin farkl&#305; evrelerinde k&#305;rsal alanda protesto ve isyan &#246;rnekleri dikkat &#231;ekmektedir. 16. ve 17. y&#252;zy&#305;llardaki Celali ayaklanmalar&#305;ndan 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l Balkan hareketlerine kadar geni&#351; bir yelpazede k&#246;yl&#252;ler, kendi toplumsal ve ekonomik s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305;ndan kaynaklanan taleplerle sahneye &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;lard&#305;r. Aytekin&#8217;in inceledi&#287;i 1849&#8211;1850 Vidin isyan&#305;, k&#246;yl&#252;lerin yaln&#305;zca milliyet&#231;i ayd&#305;nlar&#305;n k&#305;&#351;k&#305;rtmalar&#305;yla hareket eden edilgen topluluklar olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, aksine art&#305; &#252;r&#252;n&#252;n denetimi ve da&#287;&#305;l&#305;m&#305;na ili&#351;kin somut taleplerle ba&#287;&#305;ms&#305;z bir akt&#246;r olarak &#246;ne &#231;&#305;kt&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; g&#246;stermektedir.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-13" href="#footnote-13" target="_self">13</a> </p><p>Bu &#231;er&#231;eve, &#350;eyh Hikmet Efendi&#8217;nin &#246;l&#252;m&#252; etraf&#305;nda geli&#351;en olay&#305; anlamak i&#231;in de kullan&#305;&#351;l&#305;d&#305;r. E&#287;er ger&#231;ekten vak&#305;f k&#246;yl&#252;lerinin eylemiyle ger&#231;ekle&#351;mi&#351;se, bu hadise, Osmanl&#305; tarihi a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan son derece &#246;zel bir &#246;rnek te&#351;kil etmektedir. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; burada, &#8220;kutsal&#8221; addedilen bir &#351;eyhe kar&#351;&#305; k&#246;yl&#252;lerin do&#287;rudan ba&#351;kald&#305;r&#305;s&#305; s&#246;z konusudur. D&#252;nya tarihindeki benzer &#246;rnekler de ayn&#305; temel &#231;at&#305;&#351;may&#305; a&#231;&#305;&#287;a &#231;&#305;kar&#305;r: topra&#287;&#305; i&#351;leyenler ile art&#305; &#252;r&#252;ne el koyanlar aras&#305;ndaki yap&#305;sal gerilim.</p><p>Osmanl&#305;&#8217;daki vak&#305;f d&#252;zeni, Avrupa&#8217;daki feodal mekanizmalarla belirgin benzerlikler ta&#351;&#305;maktayd&#305;. Vak&#305;f m&#252;tevellili&#287;i babadan o&#287;ula intikal ediyor, k&#246;yl&#252;ler vak&#305;f topraklar&#305;n&#305; i&#351;liyor ve art&#305; &#252;r&#252;n&#252;n bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252; vak&#305;f lehine devretmekle y&#252;k&#252;ml&#252; tutuluyordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-14" href="#footnote-14" target="_self">14</a> Bu gelirlerin &#8220;kutsal&#8221; ama&#231;lara y&#246;nlendirilmesi, k&#246;yl&#252;n&#252;n g&#246;z&#252;nden bak&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;nda onun eme&#287;inin kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n s&#252;rekli elinden al&#305;nmas&#305; anlam&#305;na gelmekteydi. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar &#231;o&#287;unlukla vak&#305;f arazilerine izinsiz girme, kira &#246;dememe ve &#246;zellikle s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; net belirlenmemi&#351; meralar &#252;zerinden ortaya &#231;&#305;k&#305;yordu. K&#246;yl&#252;ler, kendi ge&#231;imlik ihtiya&#231;lar&#305;n&#305; &#246;nceleyerek art&#305; &#252;r&#252;n&#252; devretmeyi reddedebiliyor, bu d&#252;zenin temsilcisine ister &#351;eyh ister mutasarr&#305;f olsun, itaat etmeyi zorunlu g&#246;rm&#252;yorlard&#305;.</p><p>Belgelerde de g&#246;r&#252;ld&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;zere, s&#246;z konusu tart&#305;&#351;ma k&#246;y&#252;n meral&#305;k alan&#305; &#252;zerinden &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Dut bah&#231;eleri, sazl&#305;klar veya korular gibi do&#287;al s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; oturmu&#351; alanlardaki sorunlar daha az g&#246;zlemlenirken, s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; mu&#287;lak olan meralar &#231;o&#287;u kez &#231;at&#305;&#351;malara zemin haz&#305;rlamaktayd&#305;. Hayvan otlatmak i&#231;in kira vermeyi reddeden k&#246;yl&#252;lerin tutumu, yaln&#305;zca ekonomik bir tav&#305;r de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda toprak &#252;zerinde me&#351;ruiyet iddias&#305;nda bulunan otoriteye kar&#351;&#305; a&#231;&#305;k bir meydan okumayd&#305;. 1915&#8217;te Karacabey&#8217;de Haydar &#199;iftli&#287;i mutasarr&#305;f&#305; Hac&#305; &#304;lyas Efendi ile Kemerbent k&#246;yl&#252;leri aras&#305;nda &#231;&#305;kan meral&#305;k kavgas&#305; da bu yap&#305;sal gerilimin bir ba&#351;ka &#246;rne&#287;ini sunar.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-15" href="#footnote-15" target="_self">15</a></p><p>Osmanl&#305; ar&#351;iv belgeleri, s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; kesin &#231;izgilerle belirlenmemi&#351; meral&#305;k alanlarda, &#231;o&#287;unlukla kentli veya <em>devletl&#252; </em>toprak sahipleriyle, ge&#231;imlik hayvanc&#305;l&#305;k ve tar&#305;m yapan k&#246;yl&#252;ler aras&#305;nda s&#252;regelen &#231;at&#305;&#351;malarla doludur. Bu toprak sahipleri kimi zaman &#304;stanbul, Selanik, &#304;zmir ve Bursa gibi kent merkezlerinde ya&#351;ayan, belki de arazilerini hi&#231; g&#246;rmeyen ki&#351;ilerdi. Buna kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k, k&#246;yl&#252;ler art&#305; &#252;r&#252;n&#252; teslim etmeyi reddederek, otoriteye boyun e&#287;meyen, gerekti&#287;inde ise bu otoriteyi ortadan kald&#305;rabilecek kadar g&#252;&#231;l&#252; toplumsal akt&#246;rler olarak ortaya &#231;&#305;kmaktayd&#305;lar.</p><p>Hikmet Efendi&#8217;nin &#246;l&#252;m&#252; bu ba&#287;lamda, adi bir cinayet de&#287;il, vak&#305;f d&#252;zeni ile k&#246;yl&#252; eme&#287;i aras&#305;ndaki yap&#305;sal &#231;at&#305;&#351;may&#305; g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r k&#305;lan bir vakad&#305;r. Bir yanda vak&#305;f gelirlerini koruyarak derg&#226;h&#305;n ia&#351;esini s&#252;rd&#252;rmeye &#231;al&#305;&#351;an &#351;eyh, &#246;te yanda eme&#287;ini denetimsiz bi&#231;imde kullanmak isteyen k&#246;yl&#252;ler... Bu vaka, Osmanl&#305; sosyal dokusundaki gerilimleri a&#231;&#305;&#287;a &#231;&#305;karan, k&#246;yl&#252;lerin art&#305; &#252;r&#252;ne el konmas&#305;na y&#246;nelik tepkilerinin nadir fakat g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bir &#246;rne&#287;i olarak tarihteki yerini almaktad&#305;r. Ayn&#305; zamanda, Vidin &#246;rne&#287;iyle birlikte d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;ld&#252;&#287;&#252;nde, Osmanl&#305; k&#246;yl&#252;s&#252;n&#252;n edilgen de&#287;il, d&#252;nya tarihindeki k&#246;yl&#252;&#8211;toprak sahibi &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar&#305; zincirinin &#246;nemli halkalar&#305;ndan biri oldu&#287;unu g&#246;stermektedir.</p><p>Hikmet Efendi&#8217;nin &#246;l&#252;m&#252; sonras&#305; geride b&#305;rakt&#305;&#287;&#305; yetim evlatlar&#305;n&#305; da yeni bir b&#252;rokratik anlay&#305;&#351; ile kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;acaklar&#305; zor g&#252;nler bekliyordu. 1855 depremi, Bursa&#8217;y&#305; yerle bir etmi&#351;ti. Sokaklar ta&#351;, evler toprak y&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;na d&#246;nm&#252;&#351;, kentin kalbi parampar&#231;a olmu&#351;tu. Aradan 1860&#8217;larda Ahmet Vefik Pa&#351;a, m&#252;fetti&#351; s&#305;fat&#305;yla kenti yeniden aya&#287;a kald&#305;rmak i&#231;in i&#351;e koyuldu. Yeni yollar, yeni caddeler, daha &#8220;modern&#8221; bir Bursa yaratmak istiyordu. Ama her yeni yol, asl&#305;nda bir y&#305;k&#305;m demekti. Evler, d&#252;kk&#226;nlar, t&#252;rbeler, mezarl&#305;klar birer birer haritadan siliniyordu. &#350;ehrin insanlar&#305; hem M&#252;sl&#252;man hem gayrim&#252;slim, bu sert d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n ma&#287;duruydu. </p><p>Efendi&#8217;nin &#231;ocuklar&#305; Hafize Hatun ve hen&#252;z k&#252;&#231;&#252;k ya&#351;ta olan &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Efendi&#8217;ye ait oldu&#287;unu, i&#351;letmenin ve bir hissenin ise Bakkal Dimitri adl&#305; ki&#351;iyle ortak y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;ld&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; g&#246;steriyor.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-16" href="#footnote-16" target="_self">16</a> &#304;ki yetimin vekili Ra&#351;id Efendi, meseleyi &#231;&#246;zmek i&#231;in aylard&#305;r Ahmet Vefik Pa&#351;a&#8217;ya dilek&#231;eler yaz&#305;yor, fakat sonu&#231; alam&#305;yordu. Dilek&#231;elerinde hem kendi sefaletini hem de vekili oldu&#287;u yetimlerin peri&#351;anl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; duygusal bir dille anlat&#305;yordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-17" href="#footnote-17" target="_self">17</a> Nihayet merkezden gelen emirler &#252;zerine Pa&#351;a, yetimlere yeni d&#252;kk&#226;nlar tahsis edilmesini sa&#287;lad&#305;. Ancak i&#351;ler burada da sarpa sard&#305;. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; verilen d&#252;kk&#226;nlar, m&#252;hendis <em>M&#246;sy&#246; Batyano</em> (?)&#8217;nun haz&#305;rlad&#305;&#287;&#305; yeni kent plan&#305; &#231;er&#231;evesinde k&#305;sa s&#252;rede y&#305;k&#305;ld&#305;. Sonras&#305;nda &#199;&#305;kr&#305;k&#231;&#305;lar &#199;ar&#351;&#305;s&#305;&#8217;nda yeni bir arsa tahsis edildi. Burada bir d&#252;kk&#226;n in&#351;a edilecekken, arsan&#305;n ba&#351;ka bir &#351;ahsa ait oldu&#287;u anla&#351;&#305;ld&#305;. Sahip, in&#351;aata m&#226;ni oldu ve d&#252;kk&#226;n&#305;n de&#287;erinin 25 bin kuru&#351;u buldu&#287;unu iddia etti. Merkez, bu iddiay&#305; ara&#351;t&#305;rd&#305; ve &#231;&#246;z&#252;m olarak, arsa sahibine uygun bir bedel &#246;denmesini &#246;ng&#246;rd&#252;.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-18" href="#footnote-18" target="_self">18</a></p><p>Ancak s&#252;re&#231; y&#305;llarca neticelenmedi. Ne merkez bu kadar y&#252;ksek bir bedeli &#246;demeye yana&#351;t&#305; ne de arsa sahibi ikna edilebildi. Sonunda, &#231;&#305;kmaz&#305; &#231;&#246;zmek i&#231;in &#8220;ara yol&#8221; bulundu: Yetimlere eski d&#252;kk&#226;nlar&#305;n&#305;n daha k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir kopyas&#305;n&#305; yapma izni verildi. Fakat bu kez de &#231;evredeki esnaf itiraz etti; yeni d&#252;kk&#226;n&#305;n kendi &#246;nlerini kapataca&#287;&#305;n&#305; ve d&#252;kkanlar&#305;n&#305;n &#351;erefesini d&#252;&#351;&#252;rece&#287;ini ileri s&#252;rd&#252;ler. Buna ra&#287;men yerel idare ve merkez bu &#231;&#246;z&#252;m&#252; uygulamaya kararl&#305;yd&#305;. Nihayetinde yeni d&#252;kk&#226;n, iki taraf&#305;ndan yol ge&#231;en bir parselin ucuna, &#252;&#231;gen bi&#231;iminde bir k&#246;&#351;e d&#252;kk&#226;n olarak in&#351;a edilmek &#252;zere planland&#305;. K&#305;ymeti 20 bin kuru&#351;u bulacak deniyordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-19" href="#footnote-19" target="_self">19</a> Bundan sonras&#305; ise belirsizdir. Eldeki belgeler, meselenin nas&#305;l sonu&#231;land&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#246;ylemiyor. Evkaf Nezareti&#8217;nin dosyalarda g&#246;r&#252;nmemesi, bu d&#252;kk&#226;nlar&#305;n vak&#305;f mal&#305; olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, do&#287;rudan Hikmet Efendi&#8217;den evlatlar&#305;na intikal etmi&#351; &#246;zel m&#252;lk oldu&#287;unu d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;r&#252;yor. B&#252;t&#252;n bu ya&#351;ananlar, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l ortas&#305;nda Bursa&#8217;da hayata ge&#231;irilen yeni &#351;ehircilik anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;n&#305;n insanlar&#305;n, hele ki yetimlerin hayat&#305;nda nas&#305;l b&#252;y&#252;k sars&#305;nt&#305;lar yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a ortaya koyuyor. Bir yandan devletin modernle&#351;me iddias&#305;yla kurmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; yeni d&#252;zen, di&#287;er yandan bu d&#252;zenin y&#305;k&#305;ma u&#287;ratt&#305;&#287;&#305; eski sahipler&#8230; Sonunda g&#246;r&#252;yoruz ki b&#252;rokrasi, sert ad&#305;mlar&#305;na ra&#287;men taviz vermek zorunda kal&#305;yor. &#8220;&#214;yleyse eski d&#252;kk&#226;n&#305;n yerine bir benzeri yap&#305;ls&#305;n&#8221; noktas&#305;na gelinmesi, asl&#305;nda devletin, yeri geldi&#287;inde g&#252;ndelik hayat&#305;n direnci kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda nas&#305;l geri ad&#305;m atmak zorunda kald&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; &#231;ok iyi g&#246;steriyor.</p><h2><strong>&#350;eyh Faik Efendi&#8217;nin Bitmeyen M&#252;cadeleleri: Vak&#305;f Kavgas&#305;ndan G&#252;ndelik &#199;eki&#351;melere</strong></h2><p>Hikmet Mehmed Efendi&#8217;nin vefat&#305;n&#305;n ard&#305;ndan, derg&#226;hta &#351;eyh olabilecek iki ki&#351;i &#246;ne &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;t&#305;: Faik Efendi ve amcas&#305;n&#305;n o&#287;lu R&#305;fk&#305; Efendi. R&#305;fk&#305; Efendi, babas&#305; R&#305;fat Efendi&#8217;den kendisine intikal eden &#351;eyhlik hissesine sahipti; ancak vakfiyede ve ekber-er&#351;ed sisteminde belirtilen &#351;artlar gere&#287;i, derg&#226;h&#305;n liderli&#287;i ve vakf&#305;n gelirlerinin m&#252;tevellisi Faik Efendi olmu&#351;, biraderinden kalan vakfiye sorunlar&#305;n&#305; y&#246;netme sorumlulu&#287;unu da &#252;stlenmi&#351;ti.</p><p>&#304;&#231;eride ya&#351;anan gerilimler ise k&#305;sa s&#252;rede a&#231;&#305;&#287;a &#231;&#305;kacakt&#305;. 1273/ 1857 tarihli bir mazbata ile derg&#226;h&#305;n t&#252;m gelirlerinin Faik Efendi&#8217;nin kontrol&#252;nde olaca&#287;&#305; resmen teyit edilmi&#351;, bunun d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda hi&#231;bir ki&#351;inin m&#252;dahale hakk&#305; bulunmad&#305;&#287;&#305; kayda ge&#231;irilmi&#351;ti. Ancak ayn&#305; belgede, Hikmet Mehmed Efendi&#8217;nin k&#252;&#231;&#252;k o&#287;lu &#304;smail Hakk&#305; ve Faik Efendi&#8217;nin amca o&#287;lu R&#305;fk&#305; Efendi&#8217;nin teorik olarak yar&#305;m &#351;eyhlik hissesine sahip olduklar&#305; da do&#287;rulanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-20" href="#footnote-20" target="_self">20</a> Buna ra&#287;men R&#305;fk&#305; Efendi, herhangi bir gerek&#231;e olmaks&#305;z&#305;n Bal&#305;kl&#305; vakfiyesinden kendince pay almaktayd&#305;. Faik Efendi, bu durumu bizzat yetkililere iletmi&#351; ve derhal m&#252;dahale edilmesini talep etmi&#351;ti.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-21" href="#footnote-21" target="_self">21</a> R&#305;fk&#305; Efendi&#8217;nin derg&#226;htaki konumu ve bu gerilimin ilerleyen y&#305;llarda ne &#246;l&#231;&#252;de devam etti&#287;i kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte, kendisinin hi&#231;bir zaman &#351;eyh olamayarak 1898 y&#305;l&#305;nda derg&#226;htaki odas&#305;nda vefat etti&#287;i anla&#351;&#305;lmaktad&#305;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-22" href="#footnote-22" target="_self">22</a> Bu tablo, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l Bursa&#8217;s&#305;nda vak&#305;f gelirleri ve postun miras yoluyla ge&#231;i&#351;i konusunda aile i&#231;i &#231;eki&#351;melerin ne denli belirleyici oldu&#287;unu ve tekkenin i&#231; yap&#305;s&#305;nda hisse haklar&#305;n somut gerilimlere d&#246;n&#252;&#351;ebildi&#287;ini g&#246;zler &#246;n&#252;ne seriyor.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nhrT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb0c5280-ad4f-48b9-adf2-ac7bcca99eac_1378x992.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nhrT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb0c5280-ad4f-48b9-adf2-ac7bcca99eac_1378x992.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nhrT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb0c5280-ad4f-48b9-adf2-ac7bcca99eac_1378x992.png 848w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1950&#8217;lerde haz&#305;rlanm&#305;&#351; Bursa Ovas&#305;ndaki &#231;iftlikleri ve k&#246;yleri g&#246;sterir askeri haritadan ayr&#305;nt&#305;. K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252; ve civar&#305;ndaki kiremit ocaklar&#305; ayr&#305;nt&#305;s&#305; o y&#305;llarda da halen devam etmektedir. (Serdar Ku&#351;ku&#8217;ya Te&#351;ekk&#252;rler)</figcaption></figure></div><h3><strong>Vak&#305;f Arazileri ve Muhacirler Sorunu</strong></h3><p>1877&#8211;78 Osmanl&#305;-Rus (Doksan &#220;&#231;) Harbi&#8217;nin ard&#305;ndan Anadolu &#351;ehirlerine dalgalarla yay&#305;lan g&#246;&#231;men kafileleri Bursa&#8217;ya ula&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305;nda, &#351;ehrin ufku bamba&#351;ka bir manzarayla kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;. G&#252;nlerce s&#252;ren yolculuktan yorgun d&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351; y&#252;zlerce aile, kad&#305;n, &#231;ocuk ve ya&#351;l&#305;, elinde avucunda ne varsa yan&#305;na alm&#305;&#351;, Bursa ovas&#305;n&#305;n k&#246;ylerine do&#287;ru da&#287;&#305;l&#305;yordu. Her konaklamada yeni bir karga&#351;a do&#287;uyor; bo&#351; bulduklar&#305; harman yerlerine, &#231;ay&#305;rlara, ba&#287; diplerine derme &#231;atma kul&#252;beler kuruyor, bir s&#252;re sonra da oray&#305; kendi mek&#226;nlar&#305; gibi sahipleniyorlard&#305;. Bal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;n&#252;n civar&#305;nda manzara farkl&#305; de&#287;ildi. Hikmetizade Derg&#226;h&#305;&#8217;na ait meral&#305;k alanlara da muhacir &#231;ad&#305;rlar&#305; kurulmu&#351;tu. Vakf&#305;n kirac&#305;s&#305; &#231;obanlar&#305;n&#305;n hayvan otlatt&#305;&#287;&#305;, k&#246;yl&#252;lerin harman kald&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305; arsalar&#305;n ortas&#305;nda &#351;imdi &#231;ocuk sesleri yank&#305;lan&#305;yor, geceleri derme &#231;atma ocaklarda kaynayan kazanlar&#305;n duman&#305; y&#252;kseliyordu. Fakat bu yeni hayat, vak&#305;f d&#252;zenini yerinden ediyordu. Vak&#305;f a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan belli bir iktisadi d&#252;zen i&#231;erisinde de&#287;erlendirilen hatab korusunun a&#287;a&#231;lar&#305;n&#305;n dallar&#305; izinsizce kesiliyor, ekili alanlara hayvanlar sal&#305;n&#305;yor, k&#246;y ahalisiyle muhacirler aras&#305;nda k&#252;&#231;&#252;k kavgalar s&#305;k s&#305;k patlak veriyordu. Faik Efendi i&#231;in bu manzara tahamm&#252;l edilemezdi.</p><p>&#214;mr&#252;n&#252; Bal&#305;kl&#305;&#8217;daki vak&#305;f arazilerini korumak u&#287;runa ge&#231;irmi&#351;, yerel k&#246;yl&#252;lerle bir&#231;ok dava g&#246;rm&#252;&#351;, &#351;imdi ise kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda devasa bir sorun bulmu&#351;tu: muhacirler. Oturmu&#351; bir d&#252;zenle bu d&#252;zene a&#351;ina olmayan yabanc&#305;lar&#305;n &#231;at&#305;&#351;mas&#305;n&#305; izledi&#287;imiz bu olayda Faik Efendi, sabaha varmadan m&#252;rekkebini haz&#305;rlam&#305;&#351;, Bab-&#305; &#194;li&#8217;ye hitaben &#351;ik&#226;yetnamesini kaleme alm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Yaz&#305;s&#305;nda yaln&#305;zca hukuki bir hak ihlalinden ve manevi bir araziye tecav&#252;zden bahsediyordu. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; onun g&#246;z&#252;nde vak&#305;f arazileri sadece tarla de&#287;il, ecdad&#305;ndan miras kalan bir emanet, &#8220;fukara&#8221; cemaatin iktisadi dayana&#287;&#305;, tekkesinin haysiyeti idi. &#8220;Muhacirlerin derhal ba&#351;ka yere nakillerini&#8221; istiyor, bu i&#351;in tekke d&#252;zenini bozaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; dile getiriyordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-23" href="#footnote-23" target="_self">23</a></p><p>&#220;stelik yaln&#305;z o de&#287;il, ba&#351;ka &#351;eyhler de ayn&#305; s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;y&#305; ya&#351;&#305;yordu. Birka&#231; y&#305;l sonra Mevlev&#238;hane&#8217;nin &#350;eyhi &#350;emseddin Dede, ayn&#305; yak&#305;nmalar&#305; dillendirdi: Bal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;n&#252;n kom&#351;usu Dikencik &#199;iftli&#287;i arazisine yerle&#351;en muhacirler dut a&#287;a&#231;lar&#305;n&#305; kesiyor, derg&#226;h&#305;n gelirini yok ediyordu. &#350;emseddin Dede ise Faik Efendi&#8217;den farkl&#305; olarak meseleyi daha pragmatik bir dille ele alm&#305;&#351;, muhacirler &#231;&#305;km&#305;yorsa hi&#231; de&#287;ilse kira versinler, demi&#351;ti.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-24" href="#footnote-24" target="_self">24</a> Bu sahneler, ge&#231; 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l Bursa&#8217;s&#305;n&#305;n ger&#231;eklerini b&#252;t&#252;n &#231;&#305;plakl&#305;&#287;&#305;yla g&#246;sterir. Bir yanda sava&#351;tan ka&#231;&#305;p gelen, karn&#305;n&#305; doyuracak bir tarlaya muhta&#231; muhacirler; &#246;te yanda tekke vak&#305;flar&#305;n&#305;n arazileri &#252;zerinden ge&#231;im ve otorite kuran &#351;eyhler. &#304;ki taraf da hakl&#305;yd&#305;, ama birinin varl&#305;&#287;&#305; &#246;tekinin d&#252;zenini bozuyordu. Bu vakalarda, devletin y&#246;netemedi&#287;i g&#246;&#231; sorunu ve plans&#305;z uygulad&#305;&#287;&#305; isk&#226;n politikalar&#305; ile tarikatlar&#305;n veya daha geni&#351; ifadeyle toprak sahiplerinin yerle&#351;ik d&#252;zeni aras&#305;ndaki gerilimi anlamak m&#252;mk&#252;nd&#252;r.</p><h3><strong>Vakfiyenin Elden &#199;&#305;k&#305;&#351;&#305; ve Bor&#231;lar</strong></h3><p>Faik Efendi&#8217;nin Bal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;ndeki vakfiyesi &#252;zerindeki otoritesi 1890&#8217;l&#305; y&#305;llardan itibaren giderek i&#351;levsiz hale gelmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;. Kendi anlat&#305;m&#305;na g&#246;re, nas&#305;l ger&#231;ekle&#351;ti&#287;ini dahi anlayamadan vakfa ait araziler yerel idarenin tasarrufuna ge&#231;mi&#351; ve y&#305;lda yakla&#351;&#305;k 3 bin kuru&#351;luk d&#252;zenli gelir b&#252;t&#252;n&#252;yle kaybolmu&#351;tu. 1902 tarihli bir dilek&#231;esinde, derg&#226;h&#305;n yaln&#305;zca 150 kuru&#351;luk bir gelire sahip kald&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, bu nedenle fakirlerin, dervi&#351;lerin ve yolcular&#305;n ihtiya&#231;lar&#305;n&#305;n art&#305;k kar&#351;&#305;lanamad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; belirtmekteydi. Ancak arazilerin iadesine dair talebi sonu&#231;lanmadan, bu defa biriken vergi bor&#231;lar&#305; gerek&#231;e g&#246;sterilerek derg&#226;h&#305;n e&#351;yalar&#305; haczedildi.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-25" href="#footnote-25" target="_self">25</a></p><p>Ya&#351;anan bu s&#252;re&#231;, ge&#231; Osmanl&#305; d&#246;neminde vak&#305;flar&#305;n giderek artan &#246;l&#231;&#252;de devlet denetimi alt&#305;na al&#305;nmas&#305;n&#305;n tipik bir &#246;rne&#287;idir. II. Mahmud d&#246;neminde ba&#351;layan ve Tanzimat&#8217;la birlikte h&#305;z kazanan merkez&#238;le&#351;tirme politikalar&#305;, <em>Evk&#257;f-&#305; H&#252;m&#226;yun Nez&#226;reti</em>&#8217;nin kurulmas&#305;yla kurumsalla&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Vak&#305;f gelirlerinin hazineye devredilmesi devlet maliyesini g&#252;&#231;lendiren bir uygulama olarak yerel topluluklar&#305;n kendi kaynaklar&#305; &#252;zerindeki tasarruf imkanlar&#305;n&#305; ortadan kald&#305;ran yap&#305;sal bir d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m anlam&#305;na geliyordu. Klasik d&#246;nemde vak&#305;flar, art&#305; &#252;r&#252;n&#252;n yerel d&#252;zeyde yeniden da&#287;&#305;t&#305;m&#305;n&#305; sa&#287;layan kurumlar olarak toplumsal hayat&#305;n s&#252;reklili&#287;inde merkezi bir rol &#252;stlenmi&#351;ti. Dini hizmetlerin, yoksullara yard&#305;m&#305;n, dervi&#351;lerin ia&#351;esinin ve yolcular&#305;n bar&#305;nmas&#305;n&#305;n finansman&#305; bu kaynaklarla sa&#287;lan&#305;yordu. Ancak Tanzimat sonras&#305;nda vak&#305;flar&#305;n giderek daha s&#305;k&#305; bi&#231;imde maliye b&#252;rokrasisinin kontrol&#252;ne al&#305;nmas&#305;, bu i&#351;levi bo&#351;a &#231;&#305;karm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Vak&#305;flar art&#305;k toplum i&#231;indeki yeniden da&#287;&#305;t&#305;m kanallar&#305;ndan ziyade, merkezi maliyenin tahakk&#252;m&#252; alt&#305;nda i&#351;leyen tali kurumlara d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;yordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-26" href="#footnote-26" target="_self">26</a> Faik Efendi&#8217;nin Bal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;ndeki vak&#305;f arazilerinden elde etti&#287;i gelirlere el konulmas&#305; ve derg&#226;h e&#351;yalar&#305;n&#305;n vergi bor&#231;lar&#305; gerek&#231;esiyle haczedilmesi, bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n somut bir tezah&#252;r&#252;d&#252;r.</p><p>Nitekim onun ad&#305;na <em>822 kuru&#351; 25 para</em> miktar&#305;nda bir bor&#231; tahakkuk ettirilmi&#351;ti. Devlet, gerekli &#246;demelerin yap&#305;lmas&#305; halinde vakfiyenin iade edilebilece&#287;ini bildirmi&#351;se de, Faik Efendi&#8217;nin k&#305;sa s&#252;re sonra vefat etmesi bu s&#252;recin ak&#305;betini belirsiz b&#305;rakm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-27" href="#footnote-27" target="_self">27</a> Bu vaka, ge&#231; Osmanl&#305; d&#252;nyas&#305;nda vak&#305;flar&#305;n giderek daha &#231;ok &#8220;iktisadi birim&#8221; olarak alg&#305;land&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, yerel dayan&#305;&#351;ma ve dini hizmetlerin finansman&#305;n&#305; &#246;nceleyen geleneksel rollerinin ise geri plana itildi&#287;ini a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a g&#246;stermektedir. B&#246;ylece vak&#305;f kurumunun &#246;zerkli&#287;i zay&#305;flarken, devletin mali ve idari hegemonyas&#305; daha da peki&#351;ti. Ondan sonra derg&#226;h&#305;n ba&#351;&#305;na ge&#231;enlerin ya&#351;ad&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; ise sonraki b&#246;l&#252;mlerde ele alaca&#287;&#305;z.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7nVM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8809c82a-e74c-4e30-b00d-edcb50daed89_1600x1059.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7nVM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8809c82a-e74c-4e30-b00d-edcb50daed89_1600x1059.jpeg 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#350;eyh Faik Efendi&#8217;nin m&#252;hr&#252;</figcaption></figure></div><h3><strong>Derg&#226;hta &#304;ktidar ve Post Kavgalar&#305;</strong></h3><p>Faik Efendi&#8217;nin m&#252;cadeleleri yaln&#305;zca vak&#305;f k&#246;y&#252; ve &#351;eyh ailesinin i&#231; hesaplar&#305;yla s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; de&#287;ildi. Kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; sorunlar, Osmanl&#305;&#8217;daki k&#246;kl&#252; bir &#231;at&#305;&#351;ma hatt&#305;n&#305;, tekke ile medrese aras&#305;ndaki kadim rekabeti, yeniden g&#252;ndeme ta&#351;&#305;d&#305;. Zira merkez&#238; otorite, derg&#226;h i&#351;lerinin ihmal edildi&#287;i kanaatine varm&#305;&#351; olacak ki, Faik Efendi&#8217;nin yan&#305;na vekil s&#305;fat&#305;yla Geyikli Ahmed Pa&#351;a Medresesi m&#252;derrisi, &#350;ehadet Camii imam&#305; ve ayn&#305; zamanda Mekteb-i M&#252;lkiye hocas&#305; olan Kara Yusuf Efendi&#8217;yi atam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. B&#246;ylece tekke-m&#252;derris hatt&#305;nda eski defterler yeniden a&#231;&#305;ld&#305;. Faik Efendi&#8217;nin Dahiliye Nezareti&#8217;ne g&#246;nderdi&#287;i &#351;ik&#226;yet dilek&#231;eleri, bu gerilimin boyutlar&#305;n&#305; g&#246;zler &#246;n&#252;ne sermektedir.</p><p>Ona g&#246;re Yusuf Efendi, derg&#226;h&#305;n misafirhane odalar&#305;n&#305; as&#305;l i&#351;levinden sapt&#305;rarak kendi &#246;&#287;rencileriyle doldurmu&#351;tu. Oysa bu odalar, seyyahlar&#305;n, fakirlerin ve dervi&#351;lerin bar&#305;nmas&#305; i&#231;in tahsis edilmi&#351;ti; &#351;imdi ise bir t&#252;r yat&#305;l&#305; medreseye d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;lmekteydi. Faik Efendi&#8217;nin anlat&#305;m&#305;yla, bu uygulama yaln&#305;zca mek&#226;nsal bir gasp de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda &#351;eyhli&#287;in manevi otoritesini g&#246;lgelemeye d&#246;n&#252;k kas&#305;tl&#305; bir hamleydi. Hatta, 45 y&#305;ll&#305;k &#351;eyhli&#287;i boyunca derg&#226;hta emanet edilen hi&#231;bir e&#351;yan&#305;n kaybolmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, fakat Yusuf Efendi&#8217;nin &#246;&#287;rencileri geldikten sonra mihrap kenar&#305;ndaki b&#252;y&#252;k mumlardan birinin ve secdenin &#231;al&#305;nd&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#246;ylemesi, bu iddian&#305;n sembolik y&#252;k&#252;n&#252; daha da art&#305;r&#305;yordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-28" href="#footnote-28" target="_self">28</a></p><p>M&#252;derris-&#351;eyh gerilimi burada da kalmad&#305;. Derg&#226;h&#305;n y&#305;llard&#305;r hizmetini g&#246;ren, &#8220;R&#305;za Dede&#8221; ad&#305;yla bilinen g&#246;revliyle de ili&#351;kiler bozulmu&#351;tu. Dilek&#231;eye g&#246;re R&#305;za Dede, art&#305;k &#8220;haddini a&#351;m&#305;&#351;&#8221; ve &#351;eyhine kar&#351;&#305; edepsiz tutumlar sergilemeye ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Hademe g&#246;revinden al&#305;nmas&#305;na ra&#287;men derg&#226;h&#305; terk etmemi&#351;, kendisine s&#246;z s&#246;yleyenlere hakaretler ya&#287;d&#305;rm&#305;&#351;, hatta &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238;&#8217;nin t&#252;rbesinin etraf&#305;ndaki demir parmakl&#305;&#287;&#305;n zincirlerini k&#305;rarak kendisini t&#252;rbedar makam&#305;na koymu&#351;tu. Faik Efendi&#8217;nin merkezden istedi&#287;i &#351;ey a&#231;&#305;kt&#305;: bu &#351;ahs&#305;n derhal derg&#226;htan uzakla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305;. &#304;lgin&#231; olan nokta, bu R&#305;za Dede&#8217;nin muhtemelen yaln&#305;z davranmad&#305;&#287;&#305;d&#305;r. Faik Efendi, onun Yusuf Efendi ve &#246;&#287;rencileriyle ittifak halinde oldu&#287;una inan&#305;yordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-29" href="#footnote-29" target="_self">29</a> Bu g&#252;vene yaslanarak derg&#226;h&#305; terk etmeyen R&#305;za Dede, &#351;eyhin otoritesini en a&#231;&#305;k bi&#231;imde sarsan fig&#252;rlerden biri haline geldi. Nitekim birka&#231; y&#305;l &#246;ncesine ait ba&#351;ka bir dilek&#231;ede, Faik Efendi, &#8220;Kur&#351;unluzade R&#305;za&#8221; adl&#305; bir &#351;ahs&#305; derg&#226;hta ate&#351; yakarak tehditler savurdu&#287;u i&#231;in merkeze &#351;ik&#226;yet etmi&#351;ti.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-30" href="#footnote-30" target="_self">30</a> &#304;simler tam olarak &#246;rt&#252;&#351;mese de bu t&#252;r tekrar eden vakalar, Hikmetizade Derg&#226;h&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n &#8220;i&#231;eriden&#8221; gelen meydan okumalar&#305;n da merkezinde oldu&#287;unu g&#246;steriyor.</p><p>Faik Efendi&#8217;nin derg&#226;h&#305;ndaki huzursuzluk, vakf&#305;n i&#351;leyi&#351;i ya da k&#246;yl&#252;lerle ya&#351;anan gerilimlerle s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmam&#305;&#351;, kendi &#246;zel hayat&#305;n&#305;n da derg&#226;h d&#252;zenine sirayet etti&#287;i g&#246;r&#252;lmektedir. Kaynaklarda ad&#305; ge&#231;en &#246;rneklerden biri, &#351;eyhin evliliklerinin yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305; s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;lard&#305;r. Hayat&#305; boyunca be&#351;-alt&#305; kez evlendi&#287;i anla&#351;&#305;lan Faik Efendi&#8217;nin bu evliliklerinden biri de S&#305;d&#305;ka Hatun ile olmu&#351;tur.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-31" href="#footnote-31" target="_self">31</a> Ancak bo&#351;anm&#305;&#351; olmalar&#305;na ra&#287;men S&#305;d&#305;ka Hatun derg&#226;h&#305;n harem dairesini terk etmemi&#351;, orada kalmaya devam etmi&#351;tir. Faik Efendi bu durumdan &#351;ik&#226;yet&#231;i olmu&#351;, eski e&#351;inin derg&#226;htan &#231;&#305;kar&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305; resm&#238; makamlardan talep etmi&#351;tir. Talep kabul edilse bile uygulamada memurlar S&#305;d&#305;ka Hatun&#8217;u &#231;&#305;karmakta ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;z kalm&#305;&#351;, sonu&#231;suz giri&#351;imler derg&#226;h&#305;n i&#231; i&#351;leyi&#351;inde yeni bir huzursuzluk kayna&#287;&#305; yaratm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-32" href="#footnote-32" target="_self">32</a></p><p>Bu t&#252;r bir olay, &#351;eyhlerin aile d&#252;zenlerinin yaln&#305;zca &#246;zel hayatla s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, do&#287;rudan kamusal ve kurumsal hayat&#305; da etkileyebildi&#287;ini g&#246;stermektedir. Osmanl&#305; d&#252;nyas&#305;nda &#351;eyh aileleri vak&#305;f gelirlerinin tasarrufu, m&#252;lk payla&#351;&#305;m&#305; ve mek&#226;n kullan&#305;m&#305; &#252;zerinden fiilen siyasal bir a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;k ta&#351;&#305;rken, haremde ya&#351;anan bir direni&#351;in bile derg&#226;h&#305;n otoritesini zedelemesi m&#252;mk&#252;nd&#252;. Bu noktada S&#305;d&#305;ka Hatun&#8217;un derg&#226;h&#305; terk etmeme &#305;srar&#305;, ki&#351;isel bir inat ya da bo&#351;anman&#305;n ard&#305;ndan ya&#351;anan bir duygusal &#231;at&#305;&#351;mayla beraber derg&#226;h mek&#226;n&#305; &#252;zerinde hak iddias&#305; bi&#231;iminde okunabilir.</p><p>Faik Efendi, uzun y&#305;llar boyunca s&#252;rd&#252;rd&#252;&#287;&#252; &#351;eyhlik ve vak&#305;f m&#252;cadelesinin ard&#305;ndan 15 Sefer 1324 / 10 Nisan 1906 tarihinde vefat etti. Onun vefat&#305;yla birlikte, hen&#252;z k&#252;&#231;&#252;k ya&#351;larda olan o&#287;lu Cemaleddin Efendi&#8217;nin omuzlar&#305;na a&#287;&#305;r bir miras kalm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Zira mesele manevi postun intikalinin &#246;tesinde, derg&#226;h&#305;n maddi varl&#305;klar&#305;n&#305;n kim taraf&#305;ndan kontrol edilece&#287;i sorunu idi. Nitekim daha Faik Efendi hayattayken dahi damad&#305; Selameddin Efendi, &#304;stanbul&#8217;a m&#252;racaat ederek kay&#305;npederinin tekkeyi idare edemedi&#287;ini ileri s&#252;rm&#252;&#351;, bu sebeple kendisinin vekil tayin edilmesini ve vak&#305;f gelirlerinden pay verilmesini talep etmi&#351;ti. Ancak Faik Efendi do&#287;rudan merkeze ba&#351;vurarak sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n yerinde oldu&#287;unu, tekkeyi bizzat y&#246;netti&#287;ini bildirmi&#351; ve damad&#305;n&#305;n bu te&#351;ebb&#252;s&#252;n&#252; bo&#351;a &#231;&#305;karm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Bununla birlikte Faik Efendi&#8217;nin &#246;l&#252;m&#252;nden sonra, Selameddin Efendi&#8217;nin bu kez &#231;ok daha elveri&#351;li bir zemine kavu&#351;tu&#287;u a&#231;&#305;kt&#305;.</p><p>Derg&#226;h&#305;n Celvet&#238; tarikat&#305;na mensup olmas&#305; nedeniyle, Bursa&#8217;daki Celvet&#238; &#226;sit&#226;nesi olan &#220;ft&#226;de Derg&#226;h&#305; &#351;eyhi &#220;ftade Efendi&#8217;den icazet alan Selameddin Efendi, e&#351;inin karde&#351;i Cemaleddin Efendi&#8217;nin vekili olarak kendini &#351;eyh tayin ettirdi. B&#246;ylece sembolik olarak tarikat silsilesinin devaml&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; sa&#287;land&#305;&#287;&#305; gibi Selameddin Efendi&#8217;de maksad&#305;na ula&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Ancak bu &#231;&#246;z&#252;m uzun &#246;m&#252;rl&#252; olmad&#305;. Zira aile i&#231;inde, &#246;zellikle &#350;eyh Selameddin Efendi&#8217;nin ve k&#252;&#231;&#252;k Cemaleddin&#8217;in annesinin etraf&#305;nda &#351;ekillenen hizipler, yeni bir iktidar m&#252;cadelesi yaratt&#305;. Kad&#305;nlar, &#304;stanbul&#8217;a dilek&#231;eler g&#246;ndererek &#351;eyhli&#287;in d&#252;&#351;&#252;r&#252;lmesini ve yerine yeni bir tayin yap&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305; talep etmekteydi. Aile &#252;yesi kad&#305;nlar&#305;n iktidar m&#252;cadelesi do&#287;rudan merkezle temas kuracak kadar c&#252;retk&#226;r bir boyuta ula&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p>Ancak bu m&#252;cadelenin seyri beklenmedik bir &#351;ekilde de&#287;i&#351;ti. Zira Selameddin Efendi, hastaland&#305; ve havas&#305;ndan &#351;ifa umdu&#287;u i&#231;in gitti&#287;i Uluda&#287;&#8217;daki Keles yaylas&#305;nda vefat etti. B&#246;ylece postni&#351;inlik &#252;zerindeki iddialar&#305; da fiilen ortadan kalkt&#305;. Bu bo&#351;luktan yararlanarak, Narl&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305; &#351;eyhi Bahaeddin Efendi, merkez taraf&#305;ndan &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305; &#351;eyhli&#287;ine tayin edildi. Fakat bu tayin, derg&#226;h ailesi ile yeni &#351;eyh aras&#305;nda yeni bir ihtilaf&#305;n do&#287;mas&#305;na yol a&#231;t&#305;. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; Osmanl&#305; tekke d&#252;zeninde ve vak&#305;f &#351;artnamelerinde yayg&#305;n oldu&#287;u &#252;zere, &#351;eyh ayn&#305; zamanda vakf&#305;n m&#252;tevellisiydi. Ancak &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305; ailesi, vak&#305;f gelirlerinin kontrol&#252;n&#252; kendi ellerinde tutmak, bir yabanc&#305; olan &#351;eyhe yaln&#305;zca belirli bir maa&#351; &#246;demek istiyordu. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla &#351;eyhlik ile m&#252;tevellilik aras&#305;ndaki bu ikili otorite m&#252;cadelesi, birka&#231; y&#305;l boyunca keskin bir &#231;eki&#351;meye d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><p>Nihayetinde, Bahaeddin Efendi&#8217;nin Halvet&#238; bir &#351;eyh olmas&#305; gerek&#231;e g&#246;sterilerek tayini iptal edildi. Burada dikkat &#231;ekici olan nokta, Osmanl&#305; tarikat prati&#287;inde bir &#351;eyhin ayn&#305; anda iki tarikattan<em> nasipli</em> olmas&#305;n&#305;n ola&#287;an&#252;st&#252; bir durum olmamas&#305;d&#305;r. Nitekim bir&#231;ok &#351;eyhin bir tarikattan yeti&#351;ip di&#287;erine intisap ederek &#231;ift aidiyetli bir kimlik ta&#351;&#305;d&#305;&#287;&#305;na dair &#246;rnekler mevcuttur. Ancak &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305;&#8217;ndaki &#246;rnekte Halvet&#238; kimli&#287;i bir &#8220;bahane&#8221; olarak kullan&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, as&#305;l ama&#231; aile taraf&#305;ndan ho&#351; kar&#351;&#305;lanmayan bir &#351;eyhten kurtulmak olmu&#351;tur. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla mesele, tarikatlar aras&#305; farkl&#305;l&#305;ktan ziyade, yerel d&#252;zeydeki &#231;&#305;kar &#231;at&#305;&#351;mas&#305;n&#305;n merkez&#238; otoriteye ta&#351;&#305;nmas&#305;yla ilgilidir.</p><p>Bu geli&#351;melerden sonra geriye merkezdeki atama mercisi i&#231;in iki ihtimal kalm&#305;&#351;t&#305;: Bursa&#8217;daki Celvet&#238; &#226;sit&#226;nesi olan &#220;ft&#226;de Derg&#226;h&#305; &#351;eyhi ve asl&#305;nda Halvet&#238; olan M&#305;sr&#238; Derg&#226;h&#305; postni&#351;ini &#350;emseddin Efendi (Ulusoy). Her iki isim de belli d&#246;nemlerde derg&#226;h&#305;n idaresine vek&#226;let etti. &#220;ft&#226;de Efendi, &#246;zellikle k&#252;&#231;&#252;k ya&#351;taki Cemaleddin&#8217;in seyr-&#252; s&#252;l&#251;kunu &#252;stlenerek tarikat silsilesinin devaml&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; sa&#287;lad&#305;. Ancak 1915 y&#305;l&#305;nda Cemaleddin Efendi askere al&#305;narak cepheye g&#246;nderildi ve bir daha kendisinden haber al&#305;namad&#305;. Bu s&#252;re&#231;te derg&#226;h&#305;n idaresi, Nak&#351;ibend&#238; tarikat&#305;ndan Hac&#305; Ahmed Efendi&#8217;ye ge&#231;ti. B&#246;ylece bir Celvet&#238; derg&#226;h&#305;, fiilen ba&#351;ka bir tarikat&#305;n usul&#252;nce y&#246;netilmeye ba&#351;land&#305;. Anla&#351;&#305;lan o ki daha &#246;nce Halvet&#238; kimli&#287;ini gerek&#231;e g&#246;stererek Bahaeddin Efendi&#8217;nin &#351;eyhli&#287;ini d&#252;&#351;&#252;ren ve derg&#226;h gelirlerine do&#287;rudan m&#252;dahil olmak isteyen kad&#305;nlar art&#305;k hayatta de&#287;illerdi ya da g&#252;&#231;lerini yitirmi&#351;lerdi; bu nedenle yeni geli&#351;melere m&#252;dahale edemediler. Bu durum, Osmanl&#305; son d&#246;neminde bir&#231;ok derg&#226;h&#305;n ya&#351;ad&#305;&#287;&#305; d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n k&#252;&#231;&#252;k &#246;l&#231;ekli bir yans&#305;mas&#305;d&#305;r. Zira 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n sonlar&#305; ve 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ba&#351;lar&#305;nda gerek aile i&#231;i &#231;eki&#351;meler gerekse merkez&#238; otoritenin mali ve b&#252;rokratik s&#305;k&#305; denetim politikalar&#305;, pek &#231;ok tarikat kurumunun ya ba&#351;ka bir tarikata devredilmesine ya da fiilen zay&#305;flamas&#305;na yol a&#231;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p>Burada &#246;zel bir noktay&#305; &#246;zellikle vurgulamak gerekir: Hikmetizadeler ailesine dair bu kadar ayr&#305;nt&#305;l&#305; bilgiyi edinmemizi sa&#287;layan neredeyse tek kaynak &#350;emseddin Ulusoy&#8217;dur. Onun <em>Y&#226;dig&#226;r-&#305; &#350;ems&#238;</em> adl&#305; eseri, Bursa&#8217;daki pek &#231;ok tekkenin tarihini &#246;zetlerken, &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305; s&#246;z konusu oldu&#287;unda ola&#287;an&#252;st&#252; bir i&#231;erdenlik sergiler. Hikmeti Mehmed Efendi&#8217;nin &#246;ld&#252;r&#252;lmesinden Faik Efendi&#8217;nin uzun iktidar m&#252;cadelelerine, damat Selameddin Efendi&#8217;nin postni&#351;inlik arzular&#305;na kadar pek &#231;ok detay&#305; aktar&#305;r. Bu yak&#305;nl&#305;&#287;&#305;n nedeni b&#252;y&#252;k ihtimalle ki&#351;iseldir: &#350;emseddin Efendi, &#351;eyh vek&#226;leti yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; d&#246;nemde Faik Efendi&#8217;nin k&#305;z&#305; &#350;aziye Han&#305;m&#8217;&#305; kendi o&#287;lu Zeyn&#252;ddin Efendi ile evlendirmi&#351;, b&#246;ylece aileye d&#252;n&#252;r olmu&#351;tur.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-33" href="#footnote-33" target="_self">33</a> Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla aktard&#305;&#287;&#305; bilgiler, sadece bir tarih&#231;i duyarl&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda akrabal&#305;k ba&#287;&#305; &#252;zerinden edinilmi&#351; i&#231;eriden bir tan&#305;kl&#305;k olarak da okunmal&#305;d&#305;r.</p><h2><strong>Ya Sonra? &#8220;M&#252;barek&#8221; Arazide Bir &#8220;Ahlaks&#305;z&#8221; &#304;&#351;letme: </strong><em><strong>K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; Genelevi </strong></em></h2><p>1925&#8217;te tekke ve zaviyelerin kapat&#305;lmas&#305;yla birlikte vak&#305;f mallar&#305; da tasfiye edilmeye ba&#351;land&#305;. 1930&#8217;lara kadar kimi m&#252;zayedelerle, kimi hediyelerle, kimi de siyasi jestlerle bu mallar vak&#305;f kimli&#287;inden kopar&#305;ld&#305;. Cumhuriyet&#8217;in gen&#231; kadrolar&#305; a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan bu, bir yandan hazineye s&#305;cak para girdisi sa&#287;l&#305;yor, di&#287;er yandan da yeni rejimin e&#351;it yurtta&#351;l&#305;k s&#246;ylemini peki&#351;tiren pop&#252;list bir ad&#305;m gibi okunuyordu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-34" href="#footnote-34" target="_self">34</a> Hikmetizade Tekkesi, yani &#304;smail hakk&#305; Dergah&#305; da bu s&#252;re&#231;te kapat&#305;larak yeni rejimin s&#305;hhatli bedenler ideolojisini yans&#305;t&#305;r bi&#231;imde bir jimnastik salonuna d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;ld&#252;. Hikmetizade ailesinin fertleri de &#231;e&#351;itli Bursal&#305; e&#351;raf ailelerle evlenerek yeni rejime eklemlendi, hatta &#8220;sek&#252;lerle&#351;tiler&#8221; bile diyebiliriz. Derg&#226;h &#252;zerindeki hak iddialar&#305;n&#305; bir daha dillendiren olmad&#305;.</p><p>&#304;smail Hakk&#305; Derg&#226;h&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305;&#8217;daki topraklar&#305; da bu tasfiye dalgas&#305;n&#305;n d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda kalmad&#305;. 1928&#8217;de &#231;&#305;kar&#305;lan bir kararnameyle vak&#305;f arazisinin bir k&#305;sm&#305; k&#246;yl&#252;lere d&#252;&#351;&#252;k bedellerle sat&#305;ld&#305;. Resm&#238; belgede a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a belirtildi&#287;i gibi, k&#246;yl&#252;ler uzun s&#252;redir vak&#305;f arazileri &#252;zerinde hak iddia ediyordu; y&#305;llarca yaz&#305;c&#305;l&#305;kla &#231;al&#305;&#351;an, arazi sahibi bulunmayan halk, kendi taleplerini y&#246;netime iletmi&#351; ve inceleme sonucunda hakl&#305; bulunmu&#351;tu. Buna g&#246;re s&#246;z konusu arazi 721 d&#246;n&#252;m olarak tespit edildi ve &#252;&#231; dereceye ayr&#305;ld&#305;: birinci derece 116 d&#246;n&#252;m, ikinci derece 267 d&#246;n&#252;m, &#252;&#231;&#252;nc&#252; derece 338 d&#246;n&#252;m. Arazi de&#287;erleri ve &#246;deme ko&#351;ullar&#305; belirlenmi&#351;, taksitler d&#252;zenlenmi&#351; ve gecikmelerde faiz uygulanaca&#287;&#305; belirtilmi&#351;ti. Sat&#305;&#351;, k&#246;yl&#252;lerin refah&#305;n&#305; temin amac&#305;yla ger&#231;ekle&#351;tirilmi&#351;ti.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-35" href="#footnote-35" target="_self">35</a></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/58aeaa18-6ffa-47f8-a4c0-dfa67d7d6bcc_754x1030.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3899c99b-1078-423e-8655-f83712ee9acd_804x1122.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Vak&#305;f arazilerinin sat&#305;&#351;&#305;na dair belgeler&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7f57568d-00e2-45dc-82a7-20ec9880dcaf_1456x720.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>1943 tarihli bir ba&#351;ka belgede, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;nden &#304;brahim o&#287;lu Bahtiyar ve arkada&#351;lar&#305; taraf&#305;ndan k&#246;ylerinde bulunan vak&#305;f arazisinin kendilerine da&#287;&#305;t&#305;lmas&#305; talebi dile getirilmi&#351;tir. Belgede, s&#246;z konusu arazinin toplam bedeli belirlenmi&#351;, birinci taksit pe&#351;in, geri kalan taksitler d&#246;rt y&#305;l boyunca e&#351;it &#246;demeler halinde tahsil edilece&#287;i kararla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. &#214;demeler kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;nda arazi, tapuda ipotek edilerek g&#252;vence alt&#305;na al&#305;nm&#305;&#351; ve her k&#246;yl&#252;n&#252;n alaca&#287;&#305; parsel, harita &#252;zerinde i&#351;aretlenip da&#287;&#305;t&#305;lacak &#351;ekilde planlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. K&#246;yl&#252;ler, bu &#351;artlar alt&#305;nda arazinin sat&#305;n al&#305;nmas&#305;na muvafakat etmi&#351; ve s&#252;re&#231; Bursa Vak&#305;flar M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252;&#8217;ne bildirilmi&#351;tir. Ayr&#305;ca, tapu kayd&#305;ndaki olas&#305; fazlal&#305;k veya eksiklikler fenni &#246;l&#231;&#252;mlerle tespit edilecek ve gerekli d&#252;zeltmeler yap&#305;ld&#305;ktan sonra sat&#305;&#351; i&#351;lemi resm&#238; olarak tamamlanacakt&#305;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-36" href="#footnote-36" target="_self">36</a></p><p>Bu sat&#305;&#351;lar, y&#252;zlerce y&#305;ld&#305;r vak&#305;f sahipleriyle s&#252;rd&#252;rd&#252;kleri m&#252;cadelenin k&#246;yl&#252;ler a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan bir zaferini simgeler. K&#246;yl&#252;ler art&#305;k pasif muhataplar de&#287;il, kendi ekonomik ve sosyal taleplerini savunan aktif akt&#246;rler olarak s&#252;rece kat&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Uzun s&#252;re m&#252;tevellilerle m&#252;cadele eden halk, bu tasfiye sayesinde kendi topraklar&#305; &#252;zerinde do&#287;rudan tasarruf sahibi olmu&#351;, bir anlamda k&#252;&#231;&#252;k &#231;apl&#305; bir <em>k&#246;yl&#252; devrimi</em> ger&#231;ekle&#351;tirmi&#351;tir. Bu &#246;rnek, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in gen&#231; kadrolar&#305;n&#305;n merkezi politikalar&#305; ile k&#246;yl&#252;lerin yerel taleplerinin kesi&#351;ti&#287;i, tarihsel olarak anlaml&#305; bir toplumsal d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252; g&#246;zler &#246;n&#252;ne serer.</p><p>Ama tarihte hi&#231;bir olay b&#246;yle kolay kolay kapanmaz. Toprak, insan&#305;n emek ve kan&#305;yla yo&#287;ruldu&#287;u kadar, h&#305;rs&#305;yla ve arzular&#305;yla da yo&#287;rulur. Dut yapra&#287;&#305;ndan ipek b&#246;ce&#287;ine, tarlalardan tah&#305;la, koyun s&#252;r&#252;s&#252;nden ete uzanan o &#8220;do&#287;a-emek-&#252;r&#252;n&#8221; zinciri, 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n son &#231;eyre&#287;inde bamba&#351;ka bir istikamete kayd&#305;. Bu defa ayn&#305; toprak, &#252;retim zincirinin hammaddesi olarak kad&#305;n&#305;n bedenini koydu ortaya. 1986&#8217;da Bursa Belediyesi, Bal&#305;kl&#305;&#8217;daki eski vak&#305;f arazisini yap-i&#351;let-devret modeliyle bir genel ev in&#351;as&#305;na a&#231;t&#305;. 58 villa tipi yap&#305;dan olu&#351;an, o d&#246;nem i&#231;in &#8220;Orta Do&#287;u ve Balkanlar&#305;n en b&#252;y&#252;k seks merkezi&#8221; olmay&#305; vaat eden bu proje, yaln&#305;zca ekonomik de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda k&#252;lt&#252;rel ve ahlaki bir k&#305;r&#305;lman&#305;n sembol&#252;yd&#252;.</p><p>Buradaki ironi neredeyse tokat gibi &#231;arp&#305;yor insana: Bir zamanlar k&#246;yl&#252;lerin al&#305;n teriyle, ipek b&#246;ceklerinin yedi&#287;i dut yapra&#287;&#305;yla bereketlenen bu topraklar, &#351;imdi seks i&#351;&#231;ili&#287;i &#252;zerinden birikecek sermayenin mek&#226;n&#305; h&#226;line getirilmi&#351;ti. Do&#287;an&#305;n ritminden &#231;&#305;kan bir servet anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;, art&#305;k kad&#305;n bedeninin metala&#351;t&#305;r&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; bir iktisada d&#246;n&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Bu, yaln&#305;zca &#8220;dini vak&#305;f arazisine genelev yap&#305;ld&#305;&#8221; diye tart&#305;&#351;&#305;lan bir olay de&#287;il; ayn&#305; zamanda T&#252;rkiye&#8217;nin modernle&#351;me s&#252;recinde toprak, emek ve beden aras&#305;ndaki ili&#351;kinin ne kadar dramatik bir d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m ge&#231;irdi&#287;ini g&#246;steren bir &#246;rnektir. D&#246;nemin &#304;slami kanad&#305;n&#305; temsil eden Refah Partisi &#231;evresinde y&#252;kselen tepkiler, &#8220;alimlerin vak&#305;f arazisine genelev yap&#305;ld&#305;&#8221; slogan&#305;yla yank&#305; buldu. Muhafazak&#226;r camia bunu <em>laik Cumhuriyet kadrolar&#305;n&#305;n</em> bilin&#231;li bir meydan okumas&#305; olarak okudu.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-37" href="#footnote-37" target="_self">37</a> Belki ger&#231;ekten &#246;yleydi, belki de yaln&#305;zca 12 Eyl&#252;l darbesinin otoriter bakiyesi i&#231;inde al&#305;nm&#305;&#351; bir karar. Ama sonu&#231;ta olan &#351;u: bu kar&#351;&#305; koyu&#351; kazand&#305; ve 1998&#8217;de y&#305;k&#305;mlar ba&#351;lad&#305;, 2000&#8217;de tamamen bitirildi. Yerine bug&#252;nk&#252; T&#220;YAP Fuar Merkezi in&#351;a edildi.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-38" href="#footnote-38" target="_self">38</a> Fakat o haf&#305;za h&#226;l&#226; capcanl&#305;. Bug&#252;n Bursa&#8217;da herhangi bir kahvede ya da mahalle aras&#305;nda &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Tekkesi&#8217;nden ya da Bal&#305;kl&#305; Vakfiyesinden s&#246;z a&#231;san&#305;z, mutlaka birisi &#8220;ya, hani &#351;u genelev meselesi&#8230;&#8221; diye s&#246;ze girer. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; mesele yaln&#305;zca bir arsa meselesi de&#287;il; haf&#305;zan&#305;n, toplumsal ahlak&#305;n, iktidar ve modernle&#351;me tahayy&#252;l&#252;n&#252;n bir d&#252;&#287;&#252;m noktas&#305;.</p><p><strong>Sonu&#231; Niyetine</strong></p><p>Bu makalede, vak&#305;f, m&#252;lkler ve derg&#226;h&#305;n idaresi etraf&#305;nda &#351;ekillenen ailesel, b&#252;rokratik ve hukuksal pek &#231;ok s&#252;reci mercek alt&#305;na ald&#305;k. Cumhuriyet d&#246;neminde derg&#226;hlar&#305;n ve vak&#305;flar&#305;n bir anda ortadan kald&#305;r&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;na dair h&#226;kim anlat&#305;lar&#305;n &#246;tesine ge&#231;erek, asl&#305;nda bu kurumlar&#305;n 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ikinci yar&#305;s&#305;ndan itibaren giderek &#246;zerkliklerini yitirdiklerini, gelirlerini serbest&#231;e y&#246;netmekten mahrum kald&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; ve &#351;eyh postunun babadan o&#287;ula intikali s&#252;recinde dahi ciddi engellerle kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; g&#246;sterdik. Ba&#351;ka bir ifadeyle, 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l ba&#351;&#305;ndaki la&#287;v s&#252;recini tek ba&#351;&#305;na Cumhuriyet&#8217;e ba&#287;lamak, uzun s&#252;redir ya&#351;anan yap&#305;sal d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;mleri g&#246;rmezden gelmektir.</p><p>K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252;nde vak&#305;f arazilerinin yeniden &#231;izilen s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305;yla ya&#351;anan &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar, Mehmed Hikmet Efendi&#8217;nin &#246;ld&#252;r&#252;lmesiyle sonu&#231;lanacak kadar derinle&#351;mi&#351;tir. K&#246;yl&#252;lerin arazi ihlalleri, vak&#305;f s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305;n&#305; tan&#305;mamalar&#305; ve art&#305; &#252;r&#252;nlerini payla&#351;may&#305; reddetmeleri, Osmanl&#305; tarihinin pek nadir kayda ge&#231;mi&#351; k&#246;yl&#252;-efendi &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar&#305;ndan birini g&#246;zler &#246;n&#252;ne sermektedir. Bu vaka, vak&#305;f d&#252;zeninin her zaman &#8220;manevi bir uyum alan&#305;&#8221; de&#287;il, zaman zaman do&#287;rudan &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar&#305;n sahnesi oldu&#287;unu da hat&#305;rlatmaktad&#305;r. Avrupa&#8217;da toprak sahipleri ile k&#246;yl&#252;ler aras&#305;ndaki uzun erimli gerilimlere benzer &#351;ekilde, Osmanl&#305; vak&#305;f d&#252;zeninde de &#231;at&#305;&#351;man&#305;n, direnmenin ve hatta &#351;iddetin yeri vard&#305;.</p><p>&#304;nceledi&#287;imiz belgeler bize, &#351;eyhlerin yaln&#305;zca manevi otoriteler olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;; vak&#305;f gelirlerini y&#246;nettik&#231;e, zamanla emlak sahibi olabildiklerini, servet biriktirebildiklerini ve bu servetin payla&#351;&#305;m&#305; konusunda aile i&#231;i rekabetlerin ortaya &#231;&#305;kabildi&#287;ini de g&#246;stermektedir. Burada &#246;zellikle kad&#305;nlar&#305;n konumunun alt&#305;n&#305; &#231;izmek gerekir. Zira belgeler, derg&#226;h y&#246;netiminde kad&#305;nlar&#305;n da perde arkas&#305;nda erkek &#351;eyhler kadar s&#246;z sahibi olduklar&#305;n&#305;, miras ve vak&#305;f gelirlerinin payla&#351;&#305;m&#305; konular&#305;nda etkin bir rol oynad&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; ortaya koymaktad&#305;r. Bu durum, Osmanl&#305; toplumunda dini yap&#305;lar &#252;zerinden kad&#305;nlar&#305;n da belirli bir iktisadi ve sosyal g&#252;ce eri&#351;tiklerini hat&#305;rlatmaktad&#305;r.</p><p>Di&#287;er yandan, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;k toplumsal k&#305;r&#305;lmalar&#305;ndan biri olan g&#246;&#231;men krizinin, vak&#305;f d&#252;zenine nas&#305;l sars&#305;c&#305; bir etkide bulundu&#287;unu da g&#246;rd&#252;k. Yeni gelen kitleler yaln&#305;zca s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; ve m&#252;lkiyet d&#252;zenini alt&#252;st etmekle kalm&#305;yor, ayn&#305; zamanda derg&#226;h&#305;n k&#246;kl&#252; &#351;eyhlerini de zor durumda b&#305;rak&#305;yordu. Faik Efendi ve &#350;emseddin Dede &#246;rneklerinde oldu&#287;u gibi, dini otoriteler g&#246;&#231;menlerden kira al&#305;nmas&#305; gibi &#246;nerilerle varl&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; korumaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;rken, bu giri&#351;imler &#231;o&#287;u kez ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;zl&#305;kla sonu&#231;land&#305;. B&#246;ylece, vak&#305;f d&#252;zeninin kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;na &#231;&#305;kan yeni demografik ve sosyal ger&#231;eklikler, &#351;eyhlerin hem manevi hem de iktisadi otoritelerini zorlad&#305;. Merkezin atad&#305;&#287;&#305; bir m&#252;derrisin derg&#226;h&#305; kendi &#231;&#305;kar&#305;na g&#246;re d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;rebildi&#287;ini, hatta asli yap&#305;s&#305;n&#305; bozarak bir medreseye &#231;evirdi&#287;ini de g&#246;steriyor. Faik Efendi&#8217;nin ya&#351;am&#305; boyunca u&#287;ra&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; say&#305;s&#305;z mesele, asl&#305;nda merkezi b&#252;rokrasi &#8211; yerel otorite gerilimin s&#252;rekli bir bi&#231;imde yeniden &#252;retildi&#287;ini kan&#305;tl&#305;yor.</p><p>K&#252;&#231;&#252;kbal&#305;kl&#305;&#8217;daki vak&#305;f arazisinin &#246;nce k&#246;yl&#252;lerle yeni kurulan Cumhuriyet rejimi aras&#305;nda, vatanda&#351;l&#305;k bilinci ve hak talepleri &#231;er&#231;evesinde m&#252;zakere edilmesi ve ard&#305;ndan arazilerin k&#246;yl&#252;lere da&#287;&#305;t&#305;lmas&#305;, derg&#226;h-toprak-emek &#252;&#231;geninde ya&#351;anan d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;mlerin ilk a&#351;amas&#305;n&#305; temsil etmektedir. Ancak 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n sonlar&#305;na do&#287;ru ayn&#305; arazi bir geneleve d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;lerek, &#252;retim ili&#351;kilerinin niteli&#287;i k&#246;kl&#252; bi&#231;imde de&#287;i&#351;mi&#351;tir. Bir zamanlar do&#287;a ve k&#246;yl&#252; eme&#287;i &#252;zerinden &#351;ekillenen &#252;retim, bu defa kad&#305;n bedeninin metala&#351;t&#305;r&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; tamamen farkl&#305; bir iktisadi zincire eklemlenmi&#351;tir. Bu s&#252;re&#231;, yaln&#305;zca bir &#8220;vak&#305;f arazisine genelev yap&#305;lmas&#305;&#8221; meselesi de&#287;il; T&#252;rkiye&#8217;de modernle&#351;menin toprak, m&#252;lkiyet, emek ve beden politikalar&#305; aras&#305;ndaki dramatik k&#305;r&#305;lmalar&#305;n&#305; g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r k&#305;lan &#231;arp&#305;c&#305; ve sembolik bir &#246;rnek te&#351;kil etmektedir. Toplumsal haf&#305;zada h&#226;l&#226; canl&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; koruyan bu &#8220;skandal d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#8221;, Federici&#8217;nin emek ve kad&#305;n bedeni &#252;zerine analizleriyle birlikte okundu&#287;unda, yerel bir hadise olman&#305;n &#246;tesinde k&#252;resel modernle&#351;me dinamikleriyle de kesi&#351;ir. Bu nedenle Bal&#305;kl&#305; k&#246;y&#252; deneyimi, yaln&#305;zca bir k&#246;y&#252;n veya bir ailenin hik&#226;yesi de&#287;il, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;de m&#252;lk-beden-iktidar ili&#351;kilerinin tarihsel seyri &#252;zerine d&#252;&#351;&#252;nmek i&#231;in de e&#351;siz bir pencere a&#231;ar.</p><p>Son kertede, bu &#231;al&#305;&#351;mada inceledi&#287;imiz &#246;rnekler bize &#351;unu hat&#305;rlat&#305;yor: Osmanl&#305;&#8217;daki vak&#305;f ve derg&#226;h d&#252;zeni, kendi i&#231; dinamikleriyle, &#231;at&#305;&#351;malar&#305;yla ve krizleriyle birlikte anla&#351;&#305;lmadan, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m hamleleri de tam olarak kavranamaz. Maneviyat ile maddiyat aras&#305;ndaki bu gerilim, yaln&#305;zca Osmanl&#305; son d&#246;neminin de&#287;il, modernle&#351;me s&#252;recine giren t&#252;m toplumlar&#305;n ortak bir hik&#226;yesidir.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>&#214;l&#252;m tarihi ihtilafl&#305;d&#305;r: Emir Sultan Derg&#226;h&#305; Mecmuas&#305; 9 Sefer 1270 (11 Kas&#305;m 1853) tarihini kaydederken, &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Tekkesi&#8217;ndeki defter 21 Sefer 1272 (2 Kas&#305;m 1855) bilgisini verir. 17 Temmuz 1855 tarihli bir belgedeyse, onun bu tarihten daha &#246;nce vefat etti&#287;i ifade edilir. Buna g&#246;re mecmuadaki bilginin daha do&#287;ru oldu&#287;u ileri s&#252;r&#252;lebilir; Bkz: &#350;emseddin Ulusoy, <em>Bursa Dergahlar&#305;</em>/ <em>Yadigar-&#305; &#350;ems&#238;</em> (yay. Haz. Mustafa Kara ve Kadir Altansoy), Osmangazi Belediyesi Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, Bursa, 2021, s. 180</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Makalenin ba&#287;lam&#305; itibariyle ya&#351;ad&#305;&#287;&#305; d&#246;nemde ve sonras&#305;nda Osmanl&#305; Ulemalar&#305; ve Sufileri aras&#305;nda benzersiz bir yer edinmi&#351; &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursevi hakk&#305;nda teferruatl&#305; bilgiler aktaram&#305;yorum ancak Bursevi hakk&#305;nda g&#252;ncel ve global bir okuma sunan &#351;u kitab&#305; sal&#305;k veriyorum: Kameliya Atanasova, <em>Sufism and Power in the Ottoman Empire: The Writings of Ismail Hakki Bursevi (1653&#8211;1725)</em>, Edinburgh University Press, 2025.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Ulusoy, a.g.e., s. 174</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-4" href="#footnote-anchor-4" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">4</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Ulusoy, a.g.e., s. 176</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-5" href="#footnote-anchor-5" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">5</a><div class="footnote-content"><p> Hatab Korusu, s&#246;zl&#252;k tan&#305;m&#305; olarak odun kesilmek i&#231;in yeti&#351;tirilen a&#287;a&#231;l&#305;k alan anlam&#305;na gelmektedir.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-6" href="#footnote-anchor-6" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">6</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Bursa merkez ve civar sancaklar&#305; kapsayan H&#252;davendigar Vilayetindeki k&#246;yl&#252;lerin end&#252;striyel hammaddelere duyulan ihtiya&#231;larla 19. Y&#252;zy&#305;l ile de&#287;i&#351;en tar&#305;msal faaliyetlerine de&#287;inen bir makale olarak bkz: Semih &#199;elik, &#8220;&#8216;No Work for Anyone in This Country of Misery&#8217;: Famine and Labour Relations in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Anatolia,&#8221; Leda Papastefanaki ve M. Erdem Kabaday&#305; (der.), <em>Working in Greece and Turkey: A Comparative Labour History from Empires to Nation-States, 1840&#8211;1940</em> i&#231;inde, Berghahn Books, New York, 2020.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-7" href="#footnote-anchor-7" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">7</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Raif Kaplano&#287;lu, <em>H&#252;davendigar Livas&#305; Tahrir Defteri Bursa Kazas&#305;</em>, Asa Kitapevi, Bursa, 2024, s. 83-4</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-8" href="#footnote-anchor-8" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">8</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Raif Kaplano&#287;lu, <em>1844 Y&#305;l&#305; Temettuat Defterlerine G&#246;re De&#287;i&#351;im S&#252;recinde Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n Ekonomik ve Sosyal Yap&#305;s&#305;</em>, Nil&#252;fer Akk&#305;l&#305;&#231; K&#252;t&#252;phanesi Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, Bursa, 2011, s. 151</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-9" href="#footnote-anchor-9" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">9</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Tapu Kadastro Ar&#351;ivi Ferman K&#305;sm&#305;, 1-6 T. 05. 04. 1263 -1; Belgeyi Yay&#305;mlayan: Hayrettin Eldemir, &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238; Derg&#226;h&#305;, Osmangazi Belediyesi Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, Bursa, 2023, s. 199-204. Bu makalede derg&#226;ha ili&#351;kin kullan&#305;lan Osmanl&#305;ca belgelerin neredeyse tamam&#305; Eldemir&#8217;in yay&#305;mlad&#305;&#287;&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;madan al&#305;nm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Belgelerin yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351; transkripsiyonlar&#305; esas al&#305;nmakla birlikte, ilgili k&#305;s&#305;mlar orijinal belgelerle de kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Etik bir sorun olu&#351;mamas&#305; i&#231;in her dipnotta ayr&#305;ca Eldemir&#8217;in &#231;al&#305;&#351;mas&#305;ndaki sayfa numaralar&#305;na at&#305;fta bulunulmu&#351;tur.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-10" href="#footnote-anchor-10" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">10</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Raif Kaplano&#287;lu, <em>1844 Y&#305;l&#305; Temettuat Defterlerine G&#246;re De&#287;i&#351;im S&#252;recinde Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n Ekonomik ve Sosyal Yap&#305;s&#305;</em>, s. 106.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-11" href="#footnote-anchor-11" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">11</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Bu noktada vurgulamak gerekir ki, bu araziler de tekke Vakf&#305;n&#305;n m&#252;lk&#252; m&#252;yd&#252;, yoksa &#351;eyh efendilerin kendi mallar&#305; m&#305;, net bir ayr&#305;m yapmak hayli zor.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-12" href="#footnote-anchor-12" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">12</a><div class="footnote-content"><p> Her iki defteri de 1 y&#305;l&#305; a&#351;k&#305;n bi&#231;imde Bursa&#8217;daki dergahlardan intikal eden hemen her eserin muhafaza edildi&#287;i &#304;nebey Yazmalar K&#252;t&#252;phanesinde aramam&#305;za ra&#287;men bir neticeye varamad&#305;k. Bu nedenle Ulusoy ve Kepecio&#287;lu&#8217;nun eserlerinde aktard&#305;&#287;&#305;na riayet etmekten ba&#351;ka &#231;are bulunmuyor; Ulusoy, a.g.e, s. 180 ; Kamil Kepecio&#287;lu, <em>Bursa K&#252;t&#252;&#287;&#252; II. Cild</em>, Bursa K&#252;lt&#252;r A.&#350;., Bursa, 2010, s. 183.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-13" href="#footnote-anchor-13" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">13</a><div class="footnote-content"><p> E. Attila Aytekin, &#8220;Peasant Protest in the Late Ottoman Empire,&#8221; <em>International Review of Social History</em>, cilt 57, say&#305; 2, A&#287;ustos 2012, s. 191&#8211;227.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-14" href="#footnote-anchor-14" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">14</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>&#304;lk d&#246;nemlerde vak&#305;flar&#305;n y&#246;neticili&#287;ini do&#287;rudan &#351;eyh efendiler &#252;stlenmekteydi. Ancak &#246;zellikle 18. y&#252;zy&#305;ldan itibaren, &#351;eyhli&#287;in babadan o&#287;ula ya da aile i&#231;indeki en ya&#351;l&#305; &#252;yeye ge&#231;ti&#287;i bir sistem giderek yerle&#351;meye ba&#351;lad&#305;. Hatta baz&#305; vak&#305;flar kurulurken, vakfiyelere &#8220;yaln&#305;zca &#351;eyh ailesinden gelen kimseler m&#252;tevelli olabilir&#8221; &#351;eklinde kay&#305;tlar d&#252;&#351;&#252;ld&#252;. B&#246;ylece derg&#226;hlar&#305;n vak&#305;flar&#305;, aile i&#231;inde miras b&#305;rak&#305;labilir bir nitelik kazand&#305;.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-15" href="#footnote-anchor-15" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">15</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Kaplano&#287;lu, <em>1844 Y&#305;l&#305; Temettuat Defterlerine G&#246;re De&#287;i&#351;im S&#252;recinde Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n Ekonomik ve Sosyal Yap&#305;s&#305;</em>, s.124</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-16" href="#footnote-anchor-16" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">16</a><div class="footnote-content"><p> BOA, MVL. 507. 33. 1, 1283, Eldemir, a.g.e. s. 248</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-17" href="#footnote-anchor-17" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">17</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA, MVL. 732.45. 2. 1283, Eldemir, a.g.e. s. 254</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-18" href="#footnote-anchor-18" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">18</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA, MVL. 732. 45. 4, 1283, Eldemir, a.g.e. s. 258</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-19" href="#footnote-anchor-19" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">19</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA, &#350;D. 1535. 4. 4., 1288, Eldemir, a.g.e. s. 274</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-20" href="#footnote-anchor-20" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">20</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA, EV. MH. 665. 3-8. 1273, Eldemir, a.g.e. 229</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-21" href="#footnote-anchor-21" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">21</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA, EV. MKT. 441. 116, 1285, Eldemir, a.g.e. s. 266</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-22" href="#footnote-anchor-22" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">22</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>&#350;emseddin Ulusoy&#8217;un anlatt&#305;&#287;&#305;na g&#246;re R&#305;fk&#305; Efendi, e&#351;iyle bo&#351;and&#305;ktan sonra bir daha eskisi gibi olamam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Musiki&#351;inasl&#305;&#287;&#305; bile b&#305;rakm&#305;&#351;, g&#252;nlerini derg&#226;h&#305;n harem dairesinde ge&#231;irmi&#351; ve afyon m&#252;ptelal&#305;&#287;&#305;na d&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;. &#214;l&#252;m&#252; bile sessiz ve sakin bir bi&#231;imde olmu&#351;tu, bkz: Ulusoy, a.g.e., s. 180</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-23" href="#footnote-anchor-23" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">23</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA. DH. MKT. 1339.65.1., Eldemir, a.g.e, s.284</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-24" href="#footnote-anchor-24" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">24</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA, DH.MKT., 91 - 45, 09-02-1311</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-25" href="#footnote-anchor-25" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">25</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA, &#350;D. 1593. 28. 1 ; Eldemir, a.g.e. s. 323</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-26" href="#footnote-anchor-26" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">26</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Vak&#305;flar&#305;n y&#246;netiminin merkez&#238;le&#351;tirilmesi, gelirlerinin devletin di&#287;er sekt&#246;rlerine aktar&#305;lmas&#305; ve m&#238;r&#238; hazine ile vak&#305;flar aras&#305;ndaki alacak ve bor&#231;lar&#305;n kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;kl&#305; ibr&#226; edilmesi, vak&#305;flar&#305; bor&#231;lu ve m&#252;tevellilerini yoksul hale getirmi&#351;tir. Cari giderlerin kar&#351;&#305;lanamamas&#305; nedeniyle binlerce hay&#305;r eseri harap olmu&#351; ve bu hizmetleri durma noktas&#305;na gelmi&#351;tir. Sadece hay&#305;r sever vatanda&#351;lar&#305;n katk&#305;s&#305;yla hizmete a&#231;&#305;k kalan eserler ayakta kalabilmi&#351;tir. Merkezile&#351;me d&#246;neminde al&#305;nan kararlarla, ta Cumhuriyet&#8217;ten &#246;nce de Osmanl&#305; toplum hayat&#305;nda derin izler b&#305;rakm&#305;&#351; olan vak&#305;f m&#252;essesesi b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de tahrip edilmi&#351;tir, bkz: VGMA, nr. 966, s. 464-465; Nazif &#214;zt&#252;rk, &#8220;Evk&#257;f-&#305; H&#252;m&#226;yun Nez&#226;reti&#8221;, TDV &#304;sl&#226;m Ansiklopedisi, <a href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/evkaf-i-humayun-nezareti">https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/evkaf-i-humayun-nezareti</a> (29.09.2025)</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-27" href="#footnote-anchor-27" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">27</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA. &#350;D. 1593. 28. 3 ; Eldemir, a.g.e. s. 328</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-28" href="#footnote-anchor-28" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">28</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA, DH. MKT.495.68.2, 14 A&#287;ustos 1318, Eldemir, a.g.e., s. 308.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-29" href="#footnote-anchor-29" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">29</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA.DH.MKT.1033.17.2, 26 Kanunievvel 1321, Eldemir, a.g.e., s. 314</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-30" href="#footnote-anchor-30" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">30</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA. 2512. 61. 1 ; Eldemir, a.g.e. s. 300</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-31" href="#footnote-anchor-31" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">31</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Bu evliliklerin hepsinin bir arada m&#305; oldu&#287;u yoksa farkl&#305; zamanlarda m&#305; oldu&#287;u net de&#287;ildir ancak 5-6 defa evlenip bo&#351;and&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; &#350;emseddin Efendi aktarmaktad&#305;r. Bkz; &#350;emseddin Ulusoy, a.g.e. s. 181</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-32" href="#footnote-anchor-32" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">32</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BOA. DH. MKT. 2406.24.1., 28 Cemaziyelevvel 1318, Eldemir, a.g.e., s.298</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-33" href="#footnote-anchor-33" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">33</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Ulusoy, a.g.e., s. 182-3</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-34" href="#footnote-anchor-34" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">34</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>M&#305;s&#305;r ve T&#252;rkiye&#8217;de 20. y&#252;zy&#305;lda kurulan yeni rejimlerin k&#246;yl&#252;leri toprakland&#305;rmas&#305; ve bunlar&#305;n uzun vadedeki sonu&#231;lar&#305; hakk&#305;nda bkz. Joel Beinin, <em>Modern Ortado&#287;u&#8217;da &#304;&#351;&#231;iler ve &#199;ift&#231;iler</em>, &#231;ev. Defne Karakaya, Ko&#231; &#220;niversitesi Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, &#304;stanbul, 2019.</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-35" href="#footnote-anchor-35" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">35</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BCA, 30-18-1-1 / 27 - 78 &#8211; 4, 29.01.1928</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-36" href="#footnote-anchor-36" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">36</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>BCA, 30-10-0-0 / 191 - 306 &#8211; 3, 25.01.1943</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-37" href="#footnote-anchor-37" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">37</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>D&#246;nemin Refah Partisi Konya Milletvekili L&#252;tfi Yalman, 20 Nisan 1996 tarihinde T&#252;rkiye B&#252;y&#252;k Millet Meclisi Ba&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8217;na verdi&#287;i yaz&#305;l&#305; soru &#246;nergesinde &#351;u ifadeleri kullanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r: &#8220;Bursa&#8217;da vatanda&#351;lar&#305;m&#305;z&#305;n da yo&#287;un &#351;ik&#226;yet ve rahats&#305;zl&#305;&#287;&#305;na sebep olan; &#304;smail Hakk&#305; Bursev&#238; Vakf&#305; arazisi &#252;zerindeki genelevin kald&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;yor musunuz? Bu vak&#305;f arazisi; vakf&#305;n vakfiyesine ve ruhuna uygun bir &#351;ekilde ne zaman de&#287;erlendirilecektir?&#8221;</p><p></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-38" href="#footnote-anchor-38" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">38</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>&#8220;Bursa&#8217;da Genelev Krizi&#8221;, <em>Milliyet,</em> 08.09.1998. al&#305;nd&#305;&#287;&#305; url: https://www.milliyet.com.tr/pembenar/bursada-genelev-krizi-5347635</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bursa'da Ermeni Katolik Cemaati]]></title><description><![CDATA[Az&#305;nl&#305;k i&#231;inde az&#305;nl&#305;k bir cemaatin Bursa'daki izleri]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bursada-ermeni-katolik-cemaati</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bursada-ermeni-katolik-cemaati</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2025 08:16:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zZuU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c5c773f-d972-4c72-92c2-cbe7afe8d187_1920x1080.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1864&#8217;te in&#351;a edilen Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi, Foto&#287;raf: Bursa B&#252;y&#252;k&#351;ehir Belediysi</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ermeni Katolikler, k&#246;kleri 18. Y&#252;zy&#305;la kadar giden, 1830&#8217;da II. Mahmud&#8217;un ferman&#305;yla da Osmanl&#305; topraklar&#305;nda tarihsel olarak Kadim Ortodoks Ermeni Kilisesi&#8217;nden ayr&#305;lm&#305;&#351; bir cemaattir. 1722&#8217;de &#304;stanbul&#8217;daki Ortodoks Ermeni Patrik&#8217;i Avanis&#8217;in verdi&#287;i bir istidadan anlad&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z kadar&#305;yla Bursa Ermenileri evlerinde topla&#351;&#305;yor, Katolik me&#351;rebince ayin icra ediyor ve cemaatle&#351;iyorlard&#305;. Patrik de bunun kesinlikle yasaklanmas&#305;n&#305; istemi&#351;ti. Talebe verilen cevapta patri&#287;in iste&#287;i onaylanm&#305;&#351; ve H&#252;davendigar vilayeti &#8217;ne yaz&#305; g&#246;nderilerek kadim kiliselerini terk eden Ermenilerin evlerinde topla&#351;malar&#305;n&#305;n engellenmesi emredilmi&#351;ti. Fakat Katolik Ermeni misyonerler faaliyetlerine devam etmi&#351;, ilerleyen y&#305;llarda hem Bursa merkezde hem de k&#305;rsal&#305;nda bu mezhebi y&#252;kselmeye ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Yani g&#246;r&#252;lece&#287;i &#252;zere, iddia edildi&#287;i gibi Frans&#305;z ve di&#287;er Latin-Katoliklerin Bursa&#8217;da artan n&#252;fuzundan &#231;ok daha &#246;nce, Ermeni Katolik misyonerler faaliyetlerine ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. </p><p>&#214;te yandan, Bursa Katolik Ermenilerin kagir yap&#305;da bir kiliseye kavu&#351;malar&#305; i&#231;in daha bir y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305; a&#351;k&#305;n s&#252;re vard&#305;. 1862&#8217;de yay&#305;mlanan Bursa Mufassal (Suphi Bey) Haritas&#305;nda G&#246;kdere k&#305;y&#305;s&#305;ndaki kadim Ermeni Kilisesi g&#246;z&#252;kmesine ra&#287;men Katolik Ermenilerinin kilisesi belirtilmemi&#351;tir. Yani bu tarihte hen&#252;z kilise yoktu. Osmanl&#305; Ar&#351;ivlerinde Katolik Ermenilerin bir okul ve kilise in&#351;as&#305;na ba&#351;lad&#305;klar&#305;na dair tespit edebildi&#287;imiz en eski kay&#305;t 1864 tarihine gitmektedir. Bu iki farkl&#305; belgeye g&#246;re Bursa emvalinden Ermenilere faaliyetlerine destek ama&#231;l&#305; belli miktarda yard&#305;mda bulunulmas&#305; &#246;ng&#246;r&#252;lm&#252;&#351;t&#252;r.Cumhuriyet devrinde fabrika ve t&#252;t&#252;n deposu olarak da kullan&#305;lan bu kilise g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;ze kadar ula&#351;abilmi&#351; Bursa kent merkezindeki Ermeni k&#252;lt&#252;rel miras&#305;n&#305;n tek izidir ve 2025 y&#305;l&#305; itibariyle Y&#305;ld&#305;r&#305;m Belediyesi taraf&#305;ndan restore edilmektedir. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kwbE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9162900a-7e77-4174-9a25-9a6ecf48ad3c_750x622.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1895-1905 aras&#305; haz&#305;rlanan &#8220;Plan General de Brousse&#8221; ba&#351;l&#305;kl&#305; Frans&#305;zca Sigorta Haritas&#305;&#8217;nda kilise, BBB Kent Ar&#351;ivi, Raif Kaplano&#287;lu Koleksiyonu</figcaption></figure></div><p>H&#252;davendigar Vilayeti&#8217;ndeki t&#252;m Katolik Ermenilerin temsilcisi olan Ba&#351;piskopsluk makam&#305;n&#305;n bulundu&#287;u yerse Kadim Ermeni Kilisesi&#8217;nin yan&#305;nda, G&#246;kdere k&#305;y&#305;s&#305;ndaki bir konakt&#305;. Yine ayn&#305; &#351;ekilde bu yap&#305; da mufassal haritada g&#246;z&#252;kmezken 1890&#8217;lar&#305;n sonunda haz&#305;rlanm&#305;&#351; Frans&#305;zca haritada i&#351;aretlenmi&#351;tir. &#220;&#231;&#252;nc&#252; derece Osmani ni&#351;an&#305; sahibi Artin Camc&#305;yan Efendi, bu makamda uzun s&#252;re bulunmu&#351;tur.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dyAo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f448cf9-77ce-4215-b17d-7b524affdd6d_750x622.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dyAo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f448cf9-77ce-4215-b17d-7b524affdd6d_750x622.png 424w, 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r6qQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab61bccd-dffb-4702-8be9-fbf285ce360a_768x546.jpeg" width="566" height="402.390625" 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Solunda da Gregorian Ermeni Kilisesi Bulunuyor, Getty Ar&#351;ivi</figcaption></figure></div><p>Vital Cuinet&#8217;in verilerine g&#246;re Bursa merkezde 19. Y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n sonunda 1,419 Katolik Ermeni vard&#305; ve 3&#8217;&#252; erkek 1 k&#305;z olmak &#252;zere 4 mektepleri bulunuyordu. 160 Erkek &#246;&#287;renci varken k&#305;z mektebinde sadece 25 ki&#351;i vard&#305;. Muhtemelen Katolik Ermenilerin maddi durumu el vermeyenlerinin tercih etti&#287;i cemaat okulu d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda bir&#231;ok aile &#231;ocu&#287;unu Frans&#305;z kolejlerine g&#246;nderiyordu. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xZul!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8f974df-7ba4-4002-b180-9623dfd7ace3_1491x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xZul!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8f974df-7ba4-4002-b180-9623dfd7ace3_1491x2048.jpeg 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Namazgah bay&#305;r&#305;nda yer alan Ermeni Katolik Cemaat Okulu, g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde bu ev, Osman &#350;evki Uluda&#287; ile an&#305;l&#305;yor. Ancak, ar&#351;iv belgelerinin i&#351;aret etti&#287;i &#252;zere Uluda&#287;&#8217;&#305;n eline ge&#231;mesinden &#231;ok evvel buras&#305;n&#305;n okul oldu&#287;unu neredeyse kimse bilmiyor.</figcaption></figure></div><p>K&#305;z &#246;&#287;renciler, <em>Ecole des S&#339;urs de Charit&#233;</em>&#8217;de e&#287;itim g&#246;r&#252;rken; erkeklerse 1886&#8217;dan sonra kurulan <em>R.R. Peres Augustins de l&#8217;Assomption</em> kolejine gitmekteydi. Ayr&#305;ca bu okullardaki &#246;&#287;renci mevcudunun yar&#305;s&#305; da burslu okumaktayd&#305;. Bu okullardan mezun olan gen&#231;ler dil vermenin avantaj&#305;n&#305; kullanarak hem aile i&#351;lerini devam ettirebiliyor hem de Osmanl&#305; Bankas&#305;, Duyun-u Umumiye gibi kurumlarda kolayca i&#351; bulabiliyorlard&#305;. Deutsch Orient Bank Bursa &#350;ubesi&#8217;nde &#231;al&#305;&#351;an Bursa&#8217;da ipek &#252;retimi ve ticaretiyle me&#351;gul bir aileye mensup Edvar K&#305;rm&#305;zyan buna &#246;rnek g&#246;sterilebilir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nN0Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f8ee5cb-bdc9-45d9-86b4-22c18b15238e_800x512.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nN0Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f8ee5cb-bdc9-45d9-86b4-22c18b15238e_800x512.jpeg 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Ermeni Katolik Mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305;</strong></p><p>Katolikli&#287;e ge&#231;en Ermeniler, Ortodokslarca bir &#246;teki olarak g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;yorlard&#305;. Bunun en belirgin oldu&#287;u yerlerden birisi, mezarl&#305;klard&#305;. &#214;zellikle Katolik Ermeni n&#252;fusunun yo&#287;un oldu&#287;u Ankara&#8217;da ilk ba&#351;larda bu mezheptekiler Ortodokslarca mezarl&#305;klara kabul edilmedi&#287;inden ancak kentin &#231;eperindeki Latin-Katoliklerin g&#246;m&#252;ld&#252;&#287;&#252; yerlere defnedilebiliyorlard&#305;. Zamanla buralar da yetersiz gelmeye ba&#351;lay&#305;nca yeni araziler sat&#305;n alma yoluna gitmi&#351;lerdi.</p><p>Bursa&#8217;da da mezarl&#305;klar ayr&#305;yd&#305;. 1894&#8217;te Katolik Ermenilerin iki dere aras&#305;nda kalan Teferr&#252;&#231; mevkiinde, Latin Katolik Mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8217;na olduk&#231;a yak&#305;n olan mezarl&#305;klar&#305; kayal&#305;k bir yap&#305;ya sahip oldu&#287;undan yetersiz gelemeye ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Bunun &#252;zerine mevcut mezarl&#305;klar&#305;n&#305;n kom&#351;usu olan &#199;obanbey vakf&#305;ndan 3 d&#246;n&#252;m i&#231;inde dut a&#287;a&#231;lar&#305;n&#305;n da oldu&#287;u araziyi mezarl&#305;k yapmak i&#231;in talepte bulunmu&#351;lard&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png" width="672" height="517.5437392795883" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XHOo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94d91cc7-74a8-4131-96b5-efda0ef5a26b_1166x898.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#199;obanbey T&#252;rbesi, Ermeni Katolik Mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305; ve dut bah&#231;eleri</figcaption></figure></div><p>Payitahttan gelen yetkililer arazide inceleme yapm&#305;&#351;, ortas&#305;ndan ge&#231;en ve bir &#231;e&#351;meye varan su yolunun yeri de&#287;i&#351;tirilirse bu i&#351;in olabilece&#287;ini not etmi&#351;ler, hatta bir &#231;izimini de yapm&#305;&#351;lard&#305;. Fakat, tam da o g&#252;nlerde Seferihisar&#8217;da benzer bir &#351;ekilde vak&#305;f arazisinin gayrim&#252;slim mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305; yap&#305;lmas&#305; sebebiyle tart&#305;&#351;malar &#231;&#305;k&#305;nca merkezi idare bunu emsal kabul ederek Bursa&#8217;da da benzeri ya&#351;anmas&#305;n diye mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;t&#252;lmesini reddetmi&#351;tir. Her ne kadar bu planlanan b&#252;y&#252;tme ger&#231;ekle&#351;emese de bu belgeler sayesinde bug&#252;n hi&#231;bir izini g&#246;remedi&#287;imiz Bursa Katolik-Ermeni mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n yerini tespit edebiliyoruz.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Peki Ya Sonra? 1915, 1919, 1922</h3><p>Bir&#231;ok vilayette oldu&#287;u gibi, Bursal&#305; Katolik ve Protestan Ermeniler de 1915 y&#305;l&#305;nda uygulanan tehcirden b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de muaf tutuldu. Bunun ba&#351;l&#305;ca nedeni, Katolik Ermenilerin &#246;nemli bir k&#305;sm&#305;n&#305;n Osmanl&#305; tebaas&#305;ndan &#231;&#305;karak Fransa, Almanya ya da Avusturya tebaas&#305;na ge&#231;mi&#351; olmalar&#305;yd&#305;. &#214;zellikle Alman ve Avusturya tebaas&#305;na ge&#231;enler daha korunakl&#305; bir konumdayd&#305;; zira bu devletler, 1914&#8217;te ba&#351;layan I. D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305;&#8217;nda Osmanl&#305; Devleti&#8217;nin m&#252;ttefikleri aras&#305;nda yer al&#305;yordu. Bu ba&#287;lamda, Bursa&#8217;daki Protestan Ermenilerin &#231;o&#287;unlukla Alman himayesi alt&#305;na girdikleri g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;r. Katolik Ermeniler ise Avusturya-Macaristan &#304;mparatorlu&#287;u&#8217;na daha yak&#305;n durmu&#351;, Osmanl&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n sava&#351; h&#226;linde bulundu&#287;u Fransa ile mesafeli bir ili&#351;ki kurmay&#305; tercih etmi&#351;lerdir.</p><p>Tehcirden ka&#231;&#305;nmak amac&#305;yla, Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesi&#8217;ne mensup baz&#305; Ermenilerin de Katolik kiliselerine y&#246;neldikleri anla&#351;&#305;lmaktad&#305;r. Osmanl&#305; Ar&#351;ivi&#8217;nde yer alan &#231;ok say&#305;da belge, herhangi bir toplumsal huzursuzlu&#287;a yol a&#231;mad&#305;klar&#305; s&#252;rece Katolik Ermenilere y&#246;nelik &#246;zel bir muamele yap&#305;lmamas&#305;n&#305; emreden bu yakla&#351;&#305;m&#305; a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a ortaya koyar.</p><p>Katolik Ermenilerin Bursa&#8217;dan esas ayr&#305;l&#305;&#351;lar&#305; ise, Yunan ordusunun &#351;ehirden &#231;ekildi&#287;i 11 Eyl&#252;l 1922 tarihinin hemen &#246;ncesine ve sonras&#305;na rastlar. Osmanl&#305; Devleti&#8217;nin sona erdi&#287;inin, yeni bir siyasal d&#252;zenin kurulmakta oldu&#287;unun ve Yunan i&#351;galinin yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305; &#246;fkenin ka&#231;&#305;n&#305;lmaz bi&#231;imde gayrim&#252;slimlere y&#246;neltilece&#287;inin hissedilmesi, bu ayr&#305;l&#305;&#351;ta belirleyici olmu&#351;tur. Bu atmosferde bir&#231;ok Katolik Ermeni, &#246;nce &#304;stanbul&#8217;a, ard&#305;ndan Avrupa &#252;lkelerine g&#246;&#231; ederek Bursa&#8217;y&#305; terk etmi&#351;tir.</p><p>Apostolik Ermenilerin ya&#351;ad&#305;klar&#305;na dair ki&#351;isel bir tan&#305;kl&#305;k arayanlar i&#231;in, Aris Nalc&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n anneannesinin hik&#226;yesini anlatt&#305;&#287;&#305; <em><a href="https://arisnalci.wordpress.com/2013/05/26/akabinin-hikayesi/">Akabi&#8217;nin hikayesi</a></em> yol g&#246;stericidir. Ayr&#305;ca, Bursal&#305; bir Ermeni olan Vahram Altounian&#8217;&#305;n T&#252;rk&#231;ede yay&#305;mlanan ve <em><a href="https://www.arasyayincilik.com/urun/geri-donusu-yok-bir-babanin-guncesinde-ve-kizinin-belleginde-ermeni-soykirimi/">Geri D&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252; Yok</a></em><a href="https://www.arasyayincilik.com/urun/geri-donusu-yok-bir-babanin-guncesinde-ve-kizinin-belleginde-ermeni-soykirimi/"> </a>ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; ta&#351;&#305;yan tehcir an&#305;lar&#305; da bu d&#246;nemi anlamak a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan &#246;nemli bir kaynakt&#305;r.</p><div><hr></div><p>Bu yaz&#305;n&#305;n bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252;n orijinali, May&#305;s/ 2025'te <a href="https://www.academia.edu/129728517/Gec_Do_nem_Osmanl%C4%B1_Bursas%C4%B1_nda_Levantenler_Latin_ve_Ermeni_Katolik_Cemaatleri">Toplumsal Tarih Dergisi</a>&#8217;nin 377. say&#305;s&#305;nda yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Leisure Class'ın Yükselişi, SPA Kültürü ve Bursa Kaplıcaları]]></title><description><![CDATA[19. y&#252;zy&#305;lda Bursa'da ve Avrupa'da De&#287;i&#351;en Kapl&#305;ca K&#252;lt&#252;r&#252; ve Otelcilik &#220;zerine Bir Okuma]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/leisure-classn-yukselisi-spa-kulturu</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/leisure-classn-yukselisi-spa-kulturu</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 10 Dec 2025 12:24:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEwS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4eeb779-8de4-43ac-bb91-8b4e72d83895_1372x974.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEwS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4eeb779-8de4-43ac-bb91-8b4e72d83895_1372x974.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEwS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4eeb779-8de4-43ac-bb91-8b4e72d83895_1372x974.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEwS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4eeb779-8de4-43ac-bb91-8b4e72d83895_1372x974.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iEwS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4eeb779-8de4-43ac-bb91-8b4e72d83895_1372x974.png 1272w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Avrupa&#8217;da Kapl&#305;ca K&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n D&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;</h3><p>On dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;lda Avrupa&#8217;da kapl&#305;ca k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n ald&#305;&#287;&#305; yeni bi&#231;im, yaln&#305;zca t&#305;p tarihindeki ilerlemelerle a&#231;&#305;klanabilecek bir olgu de&#287;ildir. Spa merkezleri, &#220;nl&#252; turizm tarih&#231;isi John K. Walton&#8217;&#305;n da vurgu yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; gibi, sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;&#305;, sosyalli&#287;i, siyaseti ve k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252; ayn&#305; mek&#226;nda bulu&#351;turan modern kurumlara d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Kapl&#305;caya gitmek, hastal&#305;k tedavisinin &#246;tesinde, mevsimsel bir sosyal takvime kat&#305;lmak anlam&#305; kazand&#305;. Baden-Baden, Vichy, Karlovy Vary gibi merkezlerde su i&#231;mek kadar, park ve promenadlarda y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;&#351; yapmak, konserlere gitmek, balo salonlar&#305;nda g&#246;r&#252;nmek, kumarhane salonlar&#305;nda boy g&#246;stermek &#246;nem kazand&#305;. Bu mek&#226;nlar, modern bireyin yaln&#305;z bedenini de&#287;il, sosyal kimli&#287;ini de &#351;ekillendirdi&#287;i sahnelere d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png" width="566" height="350.2513736263736" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BGnx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dbaa746-fd8d-4ff2-aa45-602e34d5a40d_1480x916.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Baden-Baden&#8217;deki termal tesislerden bir tanesini g&#246;steren kartpostal</figcaption></figure></div><p>Burada belirleyici olan, kapl&#305;can&#305;n bir &#8220;aylakl&#305;k rejimi&#8221;nin par&#231;as&#305; haline gelmesidir. Orta ve &#252;st s&#305;n&#305;flar, y&#305;l&#305;n belirli d&#246;nemlerini kapl&#305;calarda ge&#231;irerek hem sa&#287;l&#305;klar&#305;n&#305; koruduklar&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;ler, hem de kendi s&#305;n&#305;fsal konumlar&#305;n&#305; yeniden &#252;rettiler. Zaman&#305;n par&#231;alan&#305;&#351;&#305;, sabah su i&#231;me saatleri, &#246;&#287;le y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;&#351;leri, ak&#351;am yemekleri, gece e&#287;lenceleri, disiplinli ve rit&#252;elle&#351;mi&#351; bir g&#252;ndelik hayat yaratt&#305;. Bu ritim, kapl&#305;ca &#351;ehirlerini Avrupa modernli&#287;inin vitrini haline getirdi.</p><h3>Aile &#304;&#351;letmesi Spa Modeli ve &#8220;End&#252;striyel Koloni&#8221; Mant&#305;&#287;&#305;</h3><p>Bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n ekonomik y&#252;z&#252;nde aile i&#351;letmesi spa modelleri &#246;ne &#231;&#305;kt&#305;. John K. Walton&#8217;&#305;n &#304;spanya&#8217;n&#305;n kapl&#305;calar&#305;yla me&#351;hur Mondariz Balneario b&#246;lgesi incelemesi, iyi bir &#246;rnek sunar: Bir aileye ait spa oteli, yaln&#305;z hizmet sunan bir i&#351;letme olarak kalmad&#305;, &#231;evresinde k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir ekonomik ve sosyal evren kurdu. Aile m&#252;lkiyetindeki bu i&#351;letmeler, k&#305;sa vadeli k&#226;r maksimizasyonundan &#231;ok, sad&#305;k bir m&#252;&#351;teri kitlesi olu&#351;turmay&#305;, hizmet standard&#305;n&#305; y&#252;kseltmeyi ve uzun vadeli s&#252;reklili&#287;i hedefledi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxM_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F409263e1-24e7-4427-8ac4-64acba873f54_1500x1000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxM_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F409263e1-24e7-4427-8ac4-64acba873f54_1500x1000.jpeg 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Mondariz&#8211;Balneario&#8217;daki tarih&#238; &#351;atonun termal tesis olarak yeniden i&#351;levlendirilip modern bir yap&#305;ya d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;lm&#252;&#351; bi&#231;imi</figcaption></figure></div><p>Mondariz &#246;rne&#287;inde &#231;iftliklerden otel mutfaklar&#305;na uzanan bir tedarik zinciri s&#246;z konusuydu. &#350;i&#351;elenmi&#351; su tesisleri, mevsimlik ve kal&#305;c&#305; i&#351;&#231;iler, yabanc&#305; uyruklu elit hizmetliler, m&#252;zisyenler, bah&#231;&#305;vanlar, teknisyenler ve idari personel, tek bir sistemin par&#231;alar&#305; olarak &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yordu. Spa, bu yap&#305;da yaln&#305;z sa&#287;l&#305;k da&#287;&#305;tan bir mek&#226;n olmaktan &#231;&#305;kar, yerel kimli&#287;i &#351;ekillendiren, b&#246;lgesel ekonomiyi canland&#305;ran, burjuva k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252; paketleyip sunan bir platforma d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;r. &#8220;End&#252;striyel koloni&#8221; kavram&#305;, bu kapal&#305; ama d&#305;&#351;a a&#231;&#305;k, &#231;ok katmanl&#305; yap&#305;y&#305; tan&#305;mlamak i&#231;in kullan&#305;&#351;l&#305;d&#305;r.</p><h3>Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n Kapl&#305;ca Gelene&#287;i ve On Dokuzuncu Y&#252;zy&#305;lda D&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png" width="728" height="437" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gf1F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87350d2e-7ab2-42f4-a4c7-840ae0c30187_1506x904.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1910 civar&#305;nda Yeni Kapl&#305;ca ve arkas&#305;nda K&#252;k&#252;rtl&#252; Oteli</figcaption></figure></div><p>Bu Avrupa merkezli d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252;n Bursa&#8217;da bir kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k bulmas&#305; tesad&#252;f say&#305;lamaz. Osmanl&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n en k&#246;kl&#252; kapl&#305;ca gelene&#287;ine sahip kentlerinden biri olan Bursa, on dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;lda uluslararas&#305; bir sa&#287;l&#305;k ve sosyalle&#351;me co&#287;rafyas&#305;n&#305;n par&#231;as&#305; haline geldi. Erken d&#246;nemlerde vak&#305;f sistemi i&#231;inde i&#351;leyen hamam ve kapl&#305;calar, zamanla kapitalist hizmet ekonomisinin mant&#305;&#287;&#305;na yakla&#351;an bir i&#351;letme tarz&#305;na evrildi.</p><p>&#199;ekirge ve K&#252;k&#252;rtl&#252;&#8217;de termal su ba&#287;lant&#305;l&#305; kiral&#305;k evlerin y&#252;ksek kira getirisi, Avrupa&#8217;daki aristokratlar&#305;n mevsimlik villalar&#305;n&#305;n, Bursa &#246;l&#231;e&#287;inde yeniden &#252;retilmi&#351; halini and&#305;r&#305;yordu. Seyahatnamelerde kad&#305;nlar&#305;n haftada yaln&#305;zca bir g&#252;n hamama eri&#351;ebilmesi, spa k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n cinsiyet rejimiyle nas&#305;l i&#231; i&#231;e ge&#231;ti&#287;ini g&#246;sterir. Kapl&#305;ca, erkekler i&#231;in hemen her g&#252;n ula&#351;&#305;labilir bir kamusal alan iken, kad&#305;nlar i&#231;in s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; eri&#351;ilebilen, &#252;zerine hayaller kurulan, beklenen ve rit&#252;elle&#351;en bir g&#252;nd&#252;. Bu y&#246;n&#252;yle kapl&#305;calar, Osmanl&#305; toplumunun modernlik tasavvurlar&#305;n&#305; yaln&#305;z sa&#287;l&#305;k bak&#305;m&#305;ndan de&#287;il, beden politikalar&#305; ve toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri bak&#305;m&#305;ndan da &#351;ekillendirdi.</p><h3>Bursa&#8217;da Kapl&#305;calar ve G&#252;ndelik Pratikler</h3><p>Bursa&#8217;daki kapl&#305;ca deneyimi, burjuva aylakl&#305;k k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n yerel bir versiyonunu ortaya &#231;&#305;kard&#305;. Kente d&#305;&#351;ar&#305;dan gelen varl&#305;kl&#305; ziyaret&#231;iler i&#231;in kapl&#305;ca, sadece suya girilen bir yap&#305; de&#287;il, zaman&#305;n b&#246;l&#252;nd&#252;&#287;&#252;, g&#252;n&#252;n planland&#305;&#287;&#305;, yeni davran&#305;&#351; kodlar&#305;n&#305;n benimsendi&#287;i bir ya&#351;am prati&#287;i haline geldi. Sabah i&#231;ilen su, &#246;&#287;le y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;&#351;&#252;, &#246;&#287;leden sonra dinlenme ve sohbet, ak&#351;am sofralar&#305; ve bah&#231;e bulu&#351;malar&#305;, Veblen&#8217;in &#8220;aylak s&#305;n&#305;f&#8221; kavram&#305;yla uyumlu bi&#231;imde bir stat&#252; g&#246;sterisi niteli&#287;i ta&#351;&#305;d&#305;.</p><p>Bu rit&#252;eller, Bursa&#8217;y&#305; ta&#351;ra kentinden &#231;ok, mevsimsel bir burjuva ya&#351;am sahnesi gibi kurgulad&#305;. Kapl&#305;ca u&#287;ra&#287;&#305;, ki&#351;inin hem sa&#287;l&#305;kl&#305;, kontroll&#252; ve &#8220;bak&#305;ml&#305;&#8221; bir beden sahibi oldu&#287;unu g&#246;steriyor, hem de belirli bir sosyal &#231;evreye ait oldu&#287;unu i&#351;aret ediyordu. T&#252;rkiye&#8217;de modernle&#351;menin g&#252;ndelik hayatla ili&#351;kisini anlamak i&#231;in Bursa kapl&#305;calar&#305; bu nedenle kritik bir g&#246;zlem alan&#305; sunar. Bu mek&#226;nlar, bedeni terbiye etmekle yetinmeyip, oturu&#351; kalk&#305;&#351;tan konu&#351;ma &#252;slubuna kadar pek &#231;ok davran&#305;&#351; kal&#305;b&#305;n&#305; da d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;yordu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png" width="856" height="600" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2nCF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffbf793b-8379-4da0-92e0-570851f09561_856x600.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1910&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda bir kapl&#305;can&#305;n i&#231;i, &#231;ini duvarlar dikkat &#231;ekiyor.</figcaption></figure></div><h3>M&#252;lkiyet, Sermaye ve Yerel G&#252;&#231; Dengeleri</h3><p>Kapl&#305;ca ekonomisinin arka plan&#305;nda m&#252;lkiyet ili&#351;kileri ve yerel g&#252;&#231; dengeleri belirleyiciydi. Bursa&#8217;daki yerli sermaye sahipleri bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m&#252; erken fark etti, ancak sahneye ilk &#231;&#305;kan akt&#246;rler &#231;o&#287;u zaman Avrupal&#305; ve gayrim&#252;slim giri&#351;imciler oldu. Frans&#305;z ve &#304;talyan otelciler, kente on dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;l standartlar&#305;na g&#246;re l&#252;ks say&#305;labilecek i&#351;letmeler kazand&#305;rd&#305;lar. Yerel d&#252;zlemde ise Bursal&#305; Ermeni Papazyan ailesi, kontrol etti&#287;i otellerle kentin turizm alan&#305;nda adeta bir tekel olu&#351;turdu. Ailenin esasen ipek fabrikat&#246;r&#252; olmas&#305;, sanayiden elde edilen sermayenin nas&#305;l hizmet sekt&#246;r&#252;ne aktar&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;sterir.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/32e81196-bcda-4b0d-81e6-997f92b2886f_700x453.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/980b1141-29a2-43c7-9deb-79b3a7d24eb7_1000x1574.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/43aaddbc-8b2f-4c66-96e2-efa4e1835b86_1800x2820.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Splendid Oteli ve farkl&#305; D&#246;nemlerine ait reklam ilanlar&#305;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/24b0a09c-e732-4403-98b2-6adf1ee273c1_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p></p><p>Mihran Papazyan, B&#252;y&#252;k Avrupa Oteli&#8217;nin sahibiydi. Garabet Papazyan ise Dervi&#351;yan taraf&#305;ndan kurulmu&#351;, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n en b&#252;y&#252;k otellerinden Splendid Oteli&#8217;ni ve ona ba&#287;l&#305; Servinaz banyolar&#305;n&#305; 1909 dolaylar&#305;nda kontrol&#252;ne ald&#305;. Burada g&#246;r&#252;len, ipek &#252;retiminden gelen sanayi sermayesinin, modern konaklama ve kapl&#305;ca i&#351;letmecili&#287;ine y&#246;nelmesidir. 1915 sonras&#305; ya&#351;anan zorunlu g&#246;&#231; s&#252;re&#231;leriyle bu m&#252;lkler Emlak-&#305; Metruke stat&#252;s&#252;ne ge&#231;ti. Buradan ya devletin elinde kald&#305;lar ya da yerli e&#351;raf aras&#305;nda payla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;ld&#305;lar. Bu s&#252;re&#231;, Bursa turizm ekonomisinin s&#305;n&#305;fsal ve etnik bile&#351;imini k&#246;kten de&#287;i&#351;tirdi.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/192e7ebc-1254-4197-b76f-2962b2f01b7f_506x749.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8141b4be-d2ab-46d5-a01f-4f3406f4d1e6_1444x926.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/10b409a8-42a9-46db-a595-d4a937196b88_716x584.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Mihran Papazyan ve Sahip Oldu&#287;u B&#252;y&#252;k Avrupa Oteli ve ona ait reklam ilan&#305;, Osmanl&#305; Bankas&#305; Ar&#351;ivi, SALT Ara&#351;t&#305;rma&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/78056f62-b6d0-4351-970b-20375c07d633_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>Eski vak&#305;f m&#252;lk&#252; olan kapl&#305;calar ise farkl&#305; bir hukuki zeminde, &#231;o&#287;u zaman k&#246;kl&#252; M&#252;sl&#252;man ayan ailelerinin tasarrufunda kald&#305;. &#350;eyh Bahaddin Efendi&#8217;nin (1823-1897) Kara Mustafa Pa&#351;a Kapl&#305;calar&#305;n&#305;n mutasarr&#305;f&#305; olmas&#305; bu duruma &#246;rnektir. Bahaddin Efendi bu hakk&#305;, 1855 depremi sonras&#305; imar g&#246;revini &#252;stlenirken payitahttan gelen irade ile elde etti. B&#246;ylece devlet merkezinin imar politikalar&#305; ile yerel sermaye ve n&#252;fuz ili&#351;kileri i&#231; i&#231;e ge&#231;ti. Bug&#252;n h&#226;l&#226; onun soyundan gelen hissedarlar&#305;n, Yeni Kapl&#305;ca ve di&#287;er s&#305;cak su haklar&#305;n&#305; aile i&#351;letmesi olarak elinde bulundurmas&#305;, bu s&#252;reklili&#287;i g&#246;steren ilgin&#231; bir ayr&#305;nt&#305;d&#305;r.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/efa0db03-3151-4f4a-b6ae-5e0785554490_706x974.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4fb340ba-11e5-4fdb-98b3-c2c8c3dfd5c8_856x600.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&#350;eyh Bahaeddin Efendi ve Yeni Kapl&#305;ca&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/da693201-404d-4d54-81c9-592656c6c9cf_1456x720.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>M&#252;sl&#252;man T&#252;rk giri&#351;imciler aras&#305;nda ipek fabrikat&#246;r&#252; Osman Fevzi Efendi (1824?-1920), bu resimde &#246;zel bir yer i&#351;gal eder. Mondariz&#8217;in Peinador ailesiyle k&#305;yasland&#305;&#287;&#305;nda, benzer bir sermaye ve prestij stratejisi izledi&#287;i g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;r. Kapl&#305;ca yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305;n&#305; basit bir ticari faaliyet olarak g&#246;rmek yerine, aile kimli&#287;ini peki&#351;tiren, sosyal prestiji art&#305;ran ve &#351;ehirde kal&#305;c&#305; bir iz b&#305;rakan yat&#305;r&#305;mlar olarak tasarlad&#305;. Hatta &#246;m&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n son k&#305;sm&#305;n&#305; bu kapl&#305;ca-oteldeki &#246;zel dairesinde ge&#231;irdi. K&#252;k&#252;rtl&#252; ve H&#252;sn&#252;g&#252;zel gibi tesisler, hem aile ya&#351;am&#305;n&#305;n uzant&#305;s&#305; haline geldi, hem de Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n se&#231;kin misafirlerini a&#287;&#305;rlayan modern mek&#226;nlar olarak i&#351;lev g&#246;rd&#252;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png" width="728" height="610.48" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3mP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d8dcde-7b6c-4fb0-b03c-535096514b41_1400x1174.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Osman Fevzi Efendi&#8217;nin K&#252;k&#252;rtl&#252; Oteli, Armut A&#287;a&#231;lar&#305;, sa&#287; alt k&#246;&#351;ede bir T&#252;rbe</figcaption></figure></div><h3>Kapl&#305;calar&#305;n End&#252;striyel Koloni Mant&#305;&#287;&#305; ve Bursa</h3><p>Mondariz&#8217;in &#8220;end&#252;striyel koloni&#8221; yap&#305;s&#305;, Bursa&#8217;da da belirli &#246;l&#231;&#252;de sezilebilir. Kapl&#305;calar kendi ekosistemini &#252;retir. Hamam ustalar&#305;, tellaklar, k&#226;hyalar, otel &#231;al&#305;&#351;anlar&#305;, su teknisyenleri, kiral&#305;k ev sahipleri, bah&#231;&#305;vanlar, kahveciler, arabac&#305;lar gibi pek &#231;ok akt&#246;r, kapl&#305;ca ekonomisinin farkl&#305; &#231;arklar&#305;n&#305; temsil eder. Bu yap&#305;, sadece sa&#287;l&#305;k hizmeti sunan bir i&#351;letmeden &#231;ok, mevsimlik olarak canlanan k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir &#351;ehir ekonomisi gibidir.</p><p>Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n termal suyu, bu anlamda &#351;ehrin hem maddi hem k&#252;lt&#252;rel &#252;retiminin merkezinde yer al&#305;r. Kapl&#305;ca mek&#226;n&#305;, hastalar&#305;n ve ziyaret&#231;ilerin dola&#351;&#305;m&#305;na rehberlik eder, &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma ili&#351;kilerini &#246;rg&#252;tler, mahalle ve semt d&#252;zeyinde emek ve sermaye dola&#351;&#305;m&#305;n&#305; y&#246;nlendirir. Bu &#231;er&#231;evede kapl&#305;ca, iyile&#351;tirme i&#351;levi olan bir su kayna&#287;&#305; olman&#305;n &#246;tesine ge&#231;erek, sosyal ili&#351;kileri d&#252;zenleyen, ekonomik d&#246;ng&#252; yaratan ve &#351;ehir kimli&#287;ini &#351;ekillendiren bir akt&#246;r haline gelir.</p><h3>Yan Sanayilerin Geli&#351;imi: Tekstil, Koku ve Maden Sular&#305;</h3><p>Kapl&#305;ca ekonomisinin merkezinde su bulunsa da, etraf&#305;nda olu&#351;an yan sanayiler Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n sanayi tarihine do&#287;rudan etki etmi&#351;tir. Hamam ve kapl&#305;ca k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n gerektirdi&#287;i pe&#351;temal, havlu, sabun, kese, terlik, ferahlat&#305;c&#305; kokular ve kolonya benzeri &#252;r&#252;nler, kente &#246;zg&#252; bir &#252;retim ekosistemi yaratt&#305;. Bursa ve &#231;evresinde pamuk tar&#305;m&#305; yo&#287;un de&#287;ildi, buna ra&#287;men ithal pamuk iplikleriyle &#231;al&#305;&#351;an havlu ve pe&#351;temal dokuma at&#246;lyeleri, kapl&#305;ca talebi sayesinde geli&#351;ti. B&#246;ylece termal su, sadece sa&#287;l&#305;k hizmetiyle de&#287;il, hamam tekstili ve koku end&#252;strisi &#252;zerinden de katma de&#287;er &#252;retir hale geldi</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png" width="856" height="600" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;width&quot;:856,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:839178,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/181223196?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NHOj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e23854e-2337-438a-aa1f-00f027b7ccdf_856x600.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Bursa/ Yeni Kapl&#305;ca&#8217;da sat&#305;lan havlu, pe&#351;temal, maden sular&#305; gibi &#252;r&#252;nlerin net olarak g&#246;r&#252;ld&#252;&#287;&#252; foto&#287;raf, 1910&#8217;lar civar&#305;.</figcaption></figure></div><p>.Sabun, esans ve kolonya &#252;retimi, kapl&#305;ca m&#252;&#351;terisinin beklentilerine g&#246;re &#231;e&#351;itlenirken, kentteki zanaatk&#226;rlar i&#231;in yeni bir pazar olu&#351;turdu. Kapl&#305;ca ziyareti, beraberinde hediyelik &#252;r&#252;n k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252; getirdi; sabun, pe&#351;temal, koku gibi &#252;r&#252;nler, turistin evine ta&#351;&#305;d&#305;&#287;&#305; k&#252;&#231;&#252;k hat&#305;ralar haline geldi. &#214;te yandan Bursa ve &#231;evresinde &#231;&#305;kan maden sular&#305;, zamanla &#351;i&#351;elenip markala&#351;ma yoluna gitti. Etiket ta&#351;&#305;yan, ticari isimler alan maden suyu &#351;i&#351;eleri, Bursa&#8217;y&#305; sadece kapl&#305;ca &#351;ehri olarak de&#287;il, mineral su &#252;retim merkezi olarak da g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;r k&#305;ld&#305;. Suyun &#351;ebekeden akmas&#305;n&#305;n yan&#305; s&#305;ra &#351;i&#351;eden i&#231;ilmesi, termal kayna&#287;&#305;n piyasadaki ikinci hayat&#305;n&#305; temsil etti.</p><p>B&#252;t&#252;n bu s&#252;re&#231;ler sonucunda Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n s&#305;cak ve so&#287;uk sular&#305;, kentin maddi &#252;retim a&#287;lar&#305;nda, k&#252;lt&#252;rel imgelerinde ve d&#305;&#351;ar&#305;ya d&#246;n&#252;k tan&#305;t&#305;m stratejilerinde merkez&#238; bir yere oturdu. Kapl&#305;ca, bu bak&#305;&#351; a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan, sosyal ili&#351;kileri d&#252;zenleyen, ekonomik d&#246;ng&#252; yaratan, yan sanayileri besleyen ve &#351;ehir kimli&#287;ini &#351;ekillendiren etkin bir akt&#246;r olarak okunmal&#305;d&#305;r.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cae9d2fc-9ed7-4a3d-8022-d2d03c3ac448_856x600.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/94cfc2f3-5b6c-4036-ab05-239768a606f5_844x574.png&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/392d41cf-48a6-4755-ba79-42899f5e6d30_856x600.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Yeni Kapl&#305;ca i&#231;indeki so&#287;ukluk k&#305;sm&#305;ndaki &#231;e&#351;me ve kenar&#305;nda dinlenen misafirler ve tellaklar, 1910&#8217;lar civar&#305;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/122eb9ed-cecc-431d-9ebd-2af110894729_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><h3>Sonu&#231;: Suyun Etraf&#305;nda Kurulan Yerel Modernlik</h3><p>Sonu&#231;ta Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n on dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;ldaki kapl&#305;ca deneyimi, Avrupa&#8217;daki spa modernizmiyle ayn&#305; dalga &#252;zerinde y&#252;kselir, ancak bunu b&#252;t&#252;n&#252;yle kopyalanm&#305;&#351; bir model olarak de&#287;il, kendine &#246;zg&#252; bir yerel modernlik anlat&#305;s&#305; &#351;eklinde ger&#231;ekle&#351;tirir. Bu anlat&#305;da suyun etraf&#305;nda yaln&#305;z bedenler iyile&#351;mez, sermaye birikimi, sosyal &#231;evreler, burjuva kimlikleri ve k&#252;lt&#252;rel haf&#305;zalar da &#351;ekillenir.</p><p>Kapl&#305;calar, Osmanl&#305; toplumunda modern t&#305;bba a&#231;&#305;lan bir kap&#305; oldu&#287;u kadar, s&#305;n&#305;f ili&#351;kilerinin, cinsiyet rejimlerinin, g&#252;ndelik hayat pratiklerinin yeniden kuruldu&#287;u mek&#226;nlar olarak kar&#351;&#305;m&#305;za &#231;&#305;kar. Walton&#8217;&#305;n i&#351;aret etti&#287;i &#252;zere spa mek&#226;nlar&#305;, toplumlar&#305;n kendilerini yeniden kurdu&#287;u alanlard&#305;r. Bursa kapl&#305;calar&#305; da tam anlam&#305;yla b&#246;yle bir yeniden kurulu&#351; sahnesi i&#351;levi g&#246;rm&#252;&#351;t&#252;r. Burada su, yaln&#305;zca &#351;ifa da&#287;&#305;tmaz, bir kenti modernle&#351;tirir, yeni bir s&#305;n&#305;f yarat&#305;r ve onun etraf&#305;nda &#246;zg&#252;n bir k&#252;lt&#252;r in&#351;a eder.</p><div class="pullquote"><p>KAYNAK&#199;A</p><p>John K. Walton, &#8220;Health, Sociability, Politics and Culture. Spas in History, Spas and History: An Overview,&#8221; <em>Journal of Tourism History</em> 4, no. 1 (2012): 1&#8211;14.</p><p>John K. Walton, &#8220;Family Firm, Health Resort and Industrial Colony: The Grand Hotel and Mineral Springs at Mondariz Balneario, Spain, 1873&#8211;1932,&#8221; <em>Business History</em> 56, no. 7 (2014): 1037&#8211;1056.</p><p>&#304;smail Ya&#351;ayanlar, <em>Osmanl&#305; D&#246;nemi Bursa Otelleri</em> (Bursa: Akk&#305;l&#305;&#231; K&#252;t&#252;phanesi Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, 2013)</p><p>Cumhurba&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305; Osmanl&#305; Ar&#351;ivleri (COA), A.{ }MKT. NZD. 157/45, H 21 11 1271.</p><p>Banu Demira&#287;, <em>Manolya A&#287;ac&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n K&#246;kleri</em>, (&#304;stanbul: <em>G&#246;k&#231;en Ltd. &#350;ti., 2000)</em></p><p></p></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Su Kentinin Kurak Günleri: Bursa’da Suyun Ticarileşme Hikâyesi]]></title><description><![CDATA[2025 y&#305;l&#305;n&#305;n Eyl&#252;l ay&#305;ndan bu yana Bursa halk&#305;, uzun zamand&#305;r g&#246;z ard&#305; etti&#287;i bir duyguyla yeniden kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;: susuzluk. Haftan&#305;n belirli g&#252;nlerinde, ak&#351;am saatlerinde musluklardan suyun kesilmesiyle kentliler, en temel haklardan biri olan suyun yoklu&#287;unu anlamaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yor.]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/su-kentinin-kurak-gunleri-bursada</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/su-kentinin-kurak-gunleri-bursada</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 01 Dec 2025 05:32:35 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png" width="1456" height="937" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:937,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:4371704,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/180342657?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Qrqe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5d264a1-d797-4aee-b719-ced9fa96c2ff_1560x1004.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>2025 y&#305;l&#305;n&#305;n Eyl&#252;l ay&#305;ndan bu yana Bursa halk&#305;, uzun zamand&#305;r g&#246;z ard&#305; etti&#287;i bir duyguyla yeniden kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;: <strong>susuzluk.</strong> Haftan&#305;n belirli g&#252;nlerinde, ak&#351;am saatlerinde musluklardan suyun kesilmesiyle kentliler, en temel haklardan biri olan suyun yoklu&#287;unu anlamaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yor. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla, bug&#252;n&#252; haz&#305;rlayan zincirleme s&#252;re&#231;ler, &#246;ncekinden &#231;ok daha fazla sorgulan&#305;r oldu. Fakat biraz geriye bak&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;nda, mesele bundan &#231;ok daha derin. Nas&#305;l olur da tarih boyunca seyyahlar&#305;n &#246;vg&#252;lerine konu olmu&#351;, Osmanl&#305; &#351;airlerinin &#8220;Bursa suyu&#8221; diye methiyeler d&#252;zd&#252;&#287;&#252; bu &#351;ehir, bir as&#305;rdan k&#305;sa bir s&#252;rede kendi suyuna hasret kalm&#305;&#351;t&#305;?</p><p>Bir zamanlar her mahallede serin serin akan &#231;e&#351;melerin, cami avlular&#305;n&#305; ve hanlardaki &#351;ad&#305;rvanlar&#305; dolduran o berrak sular&#305;n yerini nas&#305;l oldu da plastik &#351;i&#351;eler ald&#305;? Ve nas&#305;l oldu da kentin &#231;evresine dizilmi&#351; onlarca fabrika, yanl&#305;&#351; y&#246;netimlerin g&#246;lgesinde, <strong>vatanda&#351;&#305;n pay&#305;na d&#252;&#351;en suyu</strong> sanayiye ak&#305;t&#305;r hale geldi? Bu makale, i&#351;te bu sorulara yan&#305;t ar&#305;yor. Ama &#246;nce&#8230; &#304;nsanl&#305;k olarak suya bak&#305;&#351;&#305;m&#305;z&#305;n, <strong>do&#287;al bir kaynaktan ekonomik bir metaya</strong> d&#246;n&#252;&#351;mesinin nas&#305;l ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; anlamam&#305;z gerekiyor. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; suyun ticarile&#351;mesi yaln&#305;zca bug&#252;n&#252;n de&#287;il, <strong>iki y&#252;zy&#305;ll&#305;k bir hik&#226;yenin</strong> sonucu.</p><h2><strong>Avrupa&#8217;da Kent Suyunun Ticarile&#351;mesi</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg" width="542" height="386.175" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pezm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d87169f-54b0-4cf5-bd09-e2253dee2741_1280x912.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Londra &#350;ehri&#8217;ne Thames Suyu sa&#287;lamak amac&#305;yla Londra K&#246;pr&#252;s&#252;&#8217;ndeki Su Tesislerini g&#246;steren grav&#252;r</figcaption></figure></div><p>On dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;l Avrupa&#8217;s&#305;, bir yandan fabrikalar&#305;n bacalar&#305;n&#305;n t&#252;tmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;, bir yandan da &#351;ehirlerin giderek kalabal&#305;kla&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; bir &#231;a&#287;d&#305;. Bu b&#252;y&#252;menin en sessiz ama en hayati sorunu &#8220;su&#8221; idi. Artan n&#252;fus, sanayi &#252;retimi ve hijyen beklentileri, &#351;ehirlerin geleneksel &#231;e&#351;me ve kuyularla yetinemeyece&#287;ini g&#246;steriyordu. Ancak suyun temini, yaln&#305;zca m&#252;hendislik meselesi de&#287;ildi; ayn&#305; zamanda b&#252;y&#252;k bir <strong>ekonomik f&#305;rsat</strong>t&#305;. Paris&#8217;te, Londra&#8217;da, Berlin&#8217;de ve Milano&#8217;da su art&#305;k do&#287;an&#305;n bir arma&#287;an&#305; olmaktan &#231;&#305;k&#305;yor, <strong>sat&#305;n al&#305;nabilir bir hizmete</strong> d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;yordu. Tarih&#231;i Verena Winiwarter&#8217;&#305;n ifadesiyle, bu d&#246;nem suyun &#8220;do&#287;al bir kaynaktan ekonomik bir rejime&#8221; ge&#231;ti&#287;i &#231;a&#287;d&#305;r. Bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m bug&#252;n ya&#351;ad&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z kent hayat&#305;n&#305;n, yani modern belediyecili&#287;in, kamu hizmetlerinin ve altyap&#305; planlamas&#305;n&#305;n da do&#287;u&#351;unu haz&#305;rlad&#305;.</p><p>Sanayi Devrimi&#8217;nin kalbinde yer alan &#351;ehirlerde, 1800&#8217;lerin ortalar&#305;nda <strong>&#246;zel su &#351;irketleri</strong> ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;. Londra bu konuda &#246;nc&#252;yd&#252;. 1820&#8217;lerden itibaren sekiz farkl&#305; &#351;irket, kentin de&#287;i&#351;ik b&#246;lgelerine su sa&#287;lama hakk&#305; elde etti. Ancak bu sistem k&#305;sa s&#252;rede &#8220;kim daha fazla &#246;deyebilirse o daha temiz su al&#305;r&#8221; mant&#305;&#287;&#305;na d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Halk&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;k k&#305;sm&#305; h&#226;l&#226; kirli kuyulardan ya da nehirlerden su ta&#351;&#305;mak zorundayd&#305;.</p><p>Benzer bir durum Paris&#8217;te de ya&#351;and&#305;. &#350;ehrin imtiyazl&#305; su &#351;irketleri, devletle uzun vadeli anla&#351;malar yaparak da&#287;&#305;t&#305;m a&#287;lar&#305;n&#305; kurdu; ancak suyun fiyat&#305; y&#252;ksekti ve eri&#351;im s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305;yd&#305;. Su art&#305;k bir <strong>kamusal hak</strong> de&#287;il, parayla sat&#305;n al&#305;nan bir hizmetti. O d&#246;nemin gazetelerinde, &#8220;zengin mahallelerdeki &#231;e&#351;melerin akarken, yoksul sokaklar&#305;n susuz kalmas&#305;&#8221; s&#305;k&#231;a ele&#351;tiriliyordu. Buna ra&#287;men, &#246;zel &#351;irketlerin sa&#287;lad&#305;&#287;&#305; teknik bilgi, m&#252;hendislik becerisi ve finansman g&#252;c&#252;, modern su altyap&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n olu&#351;mas&#305;nda &#246;nemli bir rol oynad&#305;. Kimi tarih&#231;iler bu d&#246;nemi &#8220;belediyelerin &#246;&#287;renme &#231;a&#287;&#305;&#8221; olarak nitelendirir. &#231;&#252;nk&#252; &#351;ehir y&#246;netimleri, ciddi bir altyap&#305; isteyen suyun ne kadar karma&#351;&#305;k, pahal&#305; ve stratejik bir hizmet oldu&#287;unu ancak bu &#246;zel giri&#351;imler sayesinde fark etti.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg" width="536" height="365.8828125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:699,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:536,&quot;bytes&quot;:297154,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/180342657?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lNzA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8530f99-9531-45b7-9aa2-d7fa063444ef_1024x699.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Baron <strong>Haussmann&#8217;&#305;n plan&#305; olan Paris yer alt&#305; su &#351;ebekesini g&#246;steren grav&#252;r</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>On dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n sonlar&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde, Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n bir&#231;ok kentinde &#246;zel &#351;irketlerin uygulamalar&#305; tepki toplamaya ba&#351;lad&#305;. Su fiyatlar&#305; y&#252;kseliyor, hizmet kalitesi d&#252;&#351;&#252;yor, ama k&#226;rlar art&#305;yordu. Bu durum belediyeleri harekete ge&#231;irdi.<br>&#214;zellikle Almanya ve Britanya&#8217;da ba&#351;layan <strong>kamula&#351;t&#305;rma</strong> dalgas&#305;, k&#305;sa s&#252;rede k&#305;tan&#305;n geneline yay&#305;ld&#305;. Belediyeler, suyu tekrar kendi kontrol&#252;ne alarak hem fiyatlar&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;rd&#252; hem de e&#351;it eri&#351;imi hedefledi. Bu s&#252;re&#231;, bug&#252;nk&#252; anlamda &#8220;belediye hizmeti&#8221; kavram&#305;n&#305;n do&#287;u&#351;uydu.</p><p>Kimi kentlerde ise bu ge&#231;i&#351; sanc&#305;l&#305; oldu. &#350;irketlerle yap&#305;lan uzun s&#252;reli s&#246;zle&#351;melerin feshi, yeni altyap&#305; yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305; ve teknik bilgi eksikli&#287;i belediyeleri zorlad&#305;. Ancak sonu&#231;ta suyun ticarile&#351;mesinden kamusalla&#351;mas&#305;na uzanan bu d&#246;ng&#252;, Avrupa kentlerinin modernle&#351;me ve sivil toplumun e&#351;it bir d&#252;zeni talep edi&#351; hik&#226;yesinin temel ta&#351;lar&#305;ndan biri haline geldi.</p><h2><strong>Kamusal Sudan Ticarile&#351;en Suya: Bursa&#8217;da Suyun &#350;irketle&#351;mesi</strong></h2><p>Modern altyap&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar&#305;ndan &#246;nce Bursa&#8217;da su temini, y&#252;zy&#305;llar boyunca <strong>k&#252;nkle su ta&#351;&#305;ma</strong> y&#246;ntemine dayan&#305;yordu. Ovadaki kiremithanelerde yaz aylar&#305;nda &#252;retilen bu k&#252;nkler olduk&#231;a dayan&#305;ks&#305;zd&#305;; bu nedenle su yollar&#305; &#231;o&#287;u zaman y&#305;lda birka&#231; kez ar&#305;zalan&#305;r, hatlar&#305;n s&#252;reklili&#287;i s&#252;rekli bir onar&#305;m d&#246;ng&#252;s&#252;ne ba&#287;l&#305; kal&#305;rd&#305;. K&#252;nklerin keten ve kire&#231; kar&#305;&#351;&#305;m&#305; bir macunla birle&#351;tirilmesi, derz aralar&#305;nda yabani otlar&#305;n bitmesine ve hatlar&#305;n kolayca t&#305;kanmas&#305;na yol a&#231;&#305;yordu. B&#252;t&#252;n bu sorunlara ra&#287;men su yollar&#305;n&#305;n i&#351;letilmesi, hen&#252;z merkezile&#351;memi&#351; Osmanl&#305; idaresinin karakteristi&#287;ine uygun bi&#231;imde, b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de <strong>yerel filantropi</strong> ve <strong>vak&#305;f destekli bir &#246;zy&#246;netim</strong> prati&#287;iyle y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;l&#252;yordu. Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n &#246;nde gelen aileleri taraf&#305;ndan kurulan <strong>su vak&#305;flar&#305;</strong>, hatlar&#305;n tamiri i&#231;in gerekli ustalar&#305;, malzemeleri ve y&#305;ll&#305;k bak&#305;m giderlerini kar&#351;&#305;layan ba&#351;l&#305;ca kurumlard&#305;. Bu vak&#305;f sistemi sayesinde su yollar&#305;, devletin do&#287;rudan d&#252;zenleyici kontrol&#252;n&#252;n hen&#252;z s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; oldu&#287;u bir d&#246;nemde, yerel hay&#305;r sahiplerinin katk&#305;lar&#305;yla ayakta tutuluyordu. 1870&#8217;lerde belediye te&#351;kilat&#305; kuruldu&#287;unda bile durum b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de de&#287;i&#351;memi&#351;ti; su i&#351;lerinin &#246;nemli bir b&#246;l&#252;m&#252; h&#226;l&#226; vak&#305;f k&#246;kenli bu yerel dayan&#305;&#351;ma ve filantropik d&#252;zenin omuzlar&#305;nda ta&#351;&#305;n&#305;yordu.</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2035cb62-ef35-4706-a10a-57231e8b5d24_1600x1200.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cdd32560-e69e-441a-a730-3654829235c5_1200x1600.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b2137f1b-fc12-4232-b897-365d97820936_1200x1600.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;P&#305;narba&#351;&#305; suyunun tarihsel ta&#351;&#305;nma y&#246;ntemi olan su k&#252;nklerinin izlerini g&#246;steren Bursa Cilimboz Deresi'ndeki kal&#305;nt&#305;lar.&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3000dfb6-d332-450b-b9e8-d7431b049cee_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p>&#304;smail Ya&#351;ayanlar&#8217;&#305;n <em>Bursa Kentinin Suyunu &#8216;S&#305;hhile&#351;tirmek&#8217; </em>&#231;al&#305;&#351;mas&#305;yla g&#246;rd&#252;k ki, Bursa sular&#305;n&#305;n sistemli &#351;ekilde y&#246;netilmesini hedefleyen demir boru d&#246;&#351;eme giri&#351;imi, <em>Lacroix s&#305;hhi su tesisat&#305; projesi</em>, 1909 y&#305;l&#305;nda tamamland&#305;. Bu proje, &#351;ehrin giderek artan su ihtiyac&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;lamay&#305; ve modern m&#252;hendislik tekniklerinden yararlanarak suyun daha g&#252;venli bi&#231;imde da&#287;&#305;t&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305; ama&#231;l&#305;yordu. 1915&#8211;1916 y&#305;llar&#305; aras&#305;nda yakla&#351;&#305;k 75 kilometrelik bir &#351;ebeke d&#246;&#351;endi&#287;i ve abone say&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n 2.000 civar&#305;na ula&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; kay&#305;tl&#305;d&#305;r. 1923 y&#305;l&#305;nda G&#246;kdere deposundaki yenileme d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda kayda de&#287;er bir faaliyet g&#246;r&#252;nmemekle birlikte, bu altyap&#305; at&#305;l&#305;mlar&#305; Bursa&#8217;da suyun &#8220;modern&#8221; bir kamu hizmeti olarak d&#252;zenlenmesinin ilk ad&#305;mlar&#305;n&#305; olu&#351;turmu&#351;tur.</p><p>1927&#8217;de yay&#305;mlanan <em>Cen&#251;b&#238; Marmara Havzas&#305; Bursa Vilayeti Co&#287;rafyas&#305;</em> adl&#305; kitapta ise kentte la&#287;&#305;m te&#351;kilat&#305; bulunmad&#305;&#287;&#305;, su yataklar&#305;n&#305;n genellikle kirli oldu&#287;u ve nemli iklimin batakl&#305;klar yaratarak hastal&#305;klara neden oldu&#287;u belirtilir. Bu g&#246;zlemler, modern &#351;ehircilik d&#252;&#351;&#252;ncesinin en belirgin yanlar&#305;ndan birini, yani<strong> sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n ve d&#252;zenin altyap&#305; yoluyla sa&#287;lanmas&#305; </strong>fikrini yans&#305;t&#305;r. Art&#305;k su, yaln&#305;zca do&#287;an&#305;n bir arma&#287;an&#305; de&#287;il, kontrol alt&#305;na al&#305;nmas&#305; gereken teknik bir &#8220;&#246;&#287;e&#8221; olarak g&#246;r&#252;lmektedir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png" width="470" height="510.4397705544933" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j673!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1282c87-1dd3-4e70-8c89-ed5fdacd91a9_1046x1136.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">G&#246;kdere&#8217;den civardaki de&#287;irmenlere ve ipek fabrikalar&#305;na su &#231;ekilmek i&#231;in kullan&#305;lan su kanallar&#305;n&#305; detayl&#305;ca g&#246;steren foto&#287;raf, 1880&#8217;ler, <em>Vues de Brousse</em>, S&#233;bah &amp; Joaillier</figcaption></figure></div><p>Modernle&#351;menin h&#305;z kazanmas&#305;yla birlikte &#351;ehirlerde &#8220;sudan daha verimli istifade etme&#8221; d&#252;&#351;&#252;ncesi &#246;n plana &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bu anlay&#305;&#351;, daha &#246;nce de de&#287;indi&#287;imiz gibi do&#287;an&#305;n kendili&#287;inden ak&#305;&#351;&#305;na b&#305;rak&#305;lmamas&#305;, planlanmas&#305; ve &#246;l&#231;&#252;lmesi gerekti&#287;ini savunan rasyonel bir zihniyettir. O g&#252;nler i&#231;in suyun &#8220;bo&#351;a akmas&#305;na&#8221; izin vermemek hem ilerlemenin hem de medeniyetin g&#246;stergesi olarak d&#252;&#351;&#252;n&#252;l&#252;yordu. Bu fikir, Avrupa&#8217;da oldu&#287;u gibi Osmanl&#305; sonras&#305; T&#252;rkiye&#8217;de de g&#252;&#231;l&#252; bi&#231;imde hissedilmi&#351;; teknik akl&#305;n, idari kontrolle birle&#351;ti&#287;i bir &#8220;verimlilik ideolojisi&#8221; do&#287;mu&#351;tur.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png" width="240" height="246.0215053763441" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d-uu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda13db7b-5443-4564-87d5-b29b90739901_558x572.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#220;zerinde Rumca, Ermenice ve Osmanl&#305;ca &#8220;&#194;&#8217;l&#226; Kay&#305;&#351;da&#287;&#305; suyu&#8221;, yazan 1868 tarihli mermer su k&#252;p&#252;, Kad&#305;k&#246;y/ &#304;stanbul.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Bursa&#8217;da bu zihniyetin en somut &#246;rnekleri 1920&#8217;ler ve 1930&#8217;larda g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;r. Uluda&#287;&#8217;dan do&#287;up kente ula&#351;an su hatlar&#305;n&#305;n merkezlerde toplan&#305;p demir borularla da&#287;&#305;t&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305; &#246;ng&#246;ren sistemin temel halkas&#305; olan su depolar&#305;, hem birer k&#252;&#231;&#252;k baraj i&#351;levi g&#246;rm&#252;&#351; hem de suyun ak&#305;&#351;&#305;n&#305; d&#252;zenlemi&#351;tir. 1929&#8217;da Teferr&#252;&#231; ve &#199;ekirge depolar&#305;n&#305;n tamamlanmas&#305;yla &#199;ekirge, Setba&#351;&#305;, Namazg&#226;h, Mollaarap, Ye&#351;il, Emirsultan, &#304;ncirlik ve &#350;ible semtlerine su verilmi&#351;tir. 1943&#8217;te Bursa Halk Evi taraf&#305;ndan yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351; Bursa sular idaresi &#304;hsan Uzer&#8217;in <em>Bursa Sular&#305;</em> adl&#305; k&#252;lt eseri de bu &#231;abalar s&#305;ras&#305;nda elde edilen tecr&#252;beler neticesinde yaz&#305;labilmi&#351;tir. Uzer, y&#252;zlerce y&#305;ll&#305;k kadim Bursa sular&#305;n&#305;n membalar&#305;n&#305; tek tek incelemi&#351;, kat ettikleri mesafeleri g&#246;zlemlemi&#351; ve bu kitab&#305; meydana getirmi&#351;tir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jr9G!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b875e28-ce35-4c94-a7de-be87488b6a5a_1238x838.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jr9G!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b875e28-ce35-4c94-a7de-be87488b6a5a_1238x838.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jr9G!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b875e28-ce35-4c94-a7de-be87488b6a5a_1238x838.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jr9G!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b875e28-ce35-4c94-a7de-be87488b6a5a_1238x838.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jr9G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b875e28-ce35-4c94-a7de-be87488b6a5a_1238x838.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jr9G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b875e28-ce35-4c94-a7de-be87488b6a5a_1238x838.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">17.10.1948- Teferr&#252;&#231; su deposunda K&#305;rkp&#305;nar isale su hatt&#305; i&#231;in &#304;smet &#304;n&#246;n&#252;&#8217;ye a&#231;&#305;klama yapan Su &#304;&#351;leri M&#252;d&#252;r&#252; &#304;hsan Uzer-Yan&#305;nda g&#246;zl&#252;kl&#252; su m&#252;hendisi Suphi Subul (Ender Uzer Ar&#351;ivi)</figcaption></figure></div><p>1935 y&#305;l&#305;nda belediye s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; i&#231;indeki t&#252;m sular&#305;n i&#351;letmesi, bak&#305;m&#305; ve da&#287;&#305;t&#305;m&#305; belediyeye ge&#231;mi&#351;, b&#246;ylece y&#246;netim tamamen kamusal bir &#231;er&#231;eveye oturmu&#351;tur. Ayn&#305; y&#305;llarda yap&#305;lan hesaplamalara g&#246;re, 75.000 n&#252;fuslu &#351;ehirde ki&#351;i ba&#351;&#305;na d&#252;&#351;en g&#252;nl&#252;k su miktar&#305; 100 litre olsa da y&#252;ksek tazyikli sistem bulunmad&#305;&#287;&#305;ndan bunun %40&#8217;&#305; kayba u&#287;ruyordu. Bu oran, d&#246;nemin g&#246;z&#252;nde bir &#8220;do&#287;al eksiklikten&#8221; ziyade &#8220;m&#252;hendislik ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;zl&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8221; olarak yorumlanm&#305;&#351;, dolay&#305;s&#305;yla &#8220;suyu bo&#351;a ak&#305;tmama&#8221; fikrini g&#252;&#231;lendirmi&#351;tir.</p><p>1938&#8217;de Bursa merkezde 90, Mudanya&#8217;da 18, Orhaneli&#8217;de 20, Karacabey&#8217;de 38, &#304;neg&#246;l&#8217;de 12, Mustafakemalpa&#351;a&#8217;da 20 ve Yeni&#351;ehir&#8217;de 76 olmak &#252;zere toplam 274 &#231;e&#351;menin yap&#305;lmas&#305; ise modernle&#351;me s&#252;recinin yaln&#305;zca teknik de&#287;il, <strong>kamusal adalet</strong> y&#246;n&#252;n&#252; de g&#246;sterir. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; bu &#231;e&#351;meler, suyun kamusal bir hak olarak &#252;cretsiz eri&#351;imini s&#252;rd&#252;rm&#252;&#351;, Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n ayn&#305; d&#246;nemde girdi&#287;i yo&#287;un ticarile&#351;me s&#252;recinin aksine, e&#351;itsizlikleri s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; tutmu&#351;tur. 1942 y&#305;l&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde &#351;ehirde 10.390 abone bulunuyor, g&#252;nl&#252;k 15.000 m&#179; su da&#287;&#305;t&#305;l&#305;yor; Sular &#304;daresi&#8217;nin 74.000 liral&#305;k geliri, 34.000 liral&#305;k gideriyle dengeli bir kamu i&#351;letmesi olarak faaliyet g&#246;steriyordu.</p><p>Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n bu deneyimi, modernle&#351;me &#231;a&#287;&#305;nda suyun hem <strong>rasyonelle&#351;tirilmi&#351; bir kaynak</strong> hem de <strong>kamusal bir hak</strong> olarak y&#246;netilebilece&#287;ini g&#246;sterir. Bir &#246;nceki b&#246;l&#252;mde alt&#305;n&#305; &#231;izdi&#287;imiz gibi Avrupa&#8217;n&#305;n pek &#231;ok kentinde su hizmetleri 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l sonu itibariyle &#246;zel &#351;irketlere devredilirken, bu durum yoksul mahallelerin hizmet d&#305;&#351;&#305; kalmas&#305;na ve derin mek&#226;nsal e&#351;itsizliklere yol a&#231;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Oysa Bursa&#8217;da ayn&#305; s&#252;re&#231;, belediye kontrol&#252;nde ve halk&#305;n eri&#351;imi &#246;ncelenerek y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;lm&#252;&#351;t&#252;r. Teknik modernle&#351;me, burada ticarile&#351;meden ayr&#305;lm&#305;&#351;; verimlilik d&#252;&#351;&#252;ncesi k&#226;r de&#287;il, <strong>toplumsal yarar</strong> &#252;zerinden tan&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p>Cumhuriyet&#8217;in ilk y&#305;llar&#305;nda kamusal bir hak olarak tan&#305;mlanan su, 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ikinci yar&#305;s&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde h&#305;zl&#305; kentle&#351;me, sanayile&#351;me ve altyap&#305; yetersizlikleri nedeniyle yeni bir gerilim alan&#305;na d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Su kaynaklar&#305; bak&#305;m&#305;ndan zengin say&#305;lan Bursa bile bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;mden ka&#231;amad&#305;. Kentteki do&#287;al kaynaklar&#305;n bollu&#287;u, zamanla yanl&#305;&#351; y&#246;netim ve teknik eksiklikler y&#252;z&#252;nden k&#305;r&#305;lgan bir bollu&#287;a d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;. 1970&#8217;ler ve 1980&#8217;lerde %58&#8217;i bulan &#351;ebeke ka&#231;ak oran&#305;, eskiyen altyap&#305; ve kontrols&#252;z n&#252;fus art&#305;&#351;&#305; sonucu ortaya &#231;&#305;kan gecekondula&#351;ma su teminini s&#252;rekli bir kriz haline getirdi. Baz&#305; d&#246;nemlerde ovadaki artezyen kuyular&#305;na ba&#351;vurulduysa da s&#305;k ya&#351;anan elektrik kesintileri bu &#231;&#246;z&#252;m&#252; k&#305;sa &#246;m&#252;rl&#252; k&#305;ld&#305;. Bir&#231;ok ki&#351;i bah&#231;esine artezyen kuyulardan su &#231;ekmek i&#231;in basma tulumba kurarak &#351;ebeke suyunun verilmedi&#287;i g&#252;nlerde idare etmeye &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Su k&#305;tl&#305;&#287;&#305;, kentlilerin g&#252;nl&#252;k hayat&#305;n&#305;n de&#287;i&#351;mez bir ger&#231;e&#287;ine d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><p>1979&#8217;da ya&#351;ananlar, bu krizin toplumsal boyutunu a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a g&#246;sterdi. D&#246;nemin gazetelerinde &#8220;kentlilerle k&#246;yl&#252;ler aras&#305;nda su sava&#351;&#305;&#8221; man&#351;etleri at&#305;l&#305;yordu. Ge&#231;it, Balat ve Minareli&#231;avu&#351; k&#246;ylerine su ta&#351;&#305;yan hatlara gecekonducular taraf&#305;ndan gizlice &#231;ekilen ka&#231;ak borular, k&#246;yl&#252;lerin &#246;fkesini patlama noktas&#305;na getirmi&#351;ti. K&#305;rsal kesimde &#8220;kentin bizim suyumuza el koydu&#287;u&#8221; y&#246;n&#252;ndeki inan&#231;, yaln&#305;zca teknik bir mesele de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda k&#305;rsal ve kentsel adalet tart&#305;&#351;mas&#305;n&#305;n erken bir i&#351;aretiydi.</p><p>Ayn&#305; y&#305;llarda sanayi b&#246;lgeleri ve il&#231;eler de su s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;s&#305;ndan dert yan&#305;yordu. Su, tar&#305;m, sanayi ve konut aras&#305;nda &#231;eki&#351;en bir kaynak haline gelmi&#351;ti. Bir yanda kent b&#252;y&#252;yor, &#246;te yanda tar&#305;m arazileri daral&#305;yor, do&#287;al kaynaklar kirleniyordu. 1983&#8217;te tamamlanan Do&#287;anc&#305; Baraj&#305; kentin su ihtiyac&#305;n&#305; b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de kar&#351;&#305;layarak ge&#231;ici bir rahatlama sa&#287;lad&#305;; ancak as&#305;l mesele, suyun nas&#305;l y&#246;netilece&#287;i, h&#226;l&#226; &#231;&#246;z&#252;lememi&#351;ti.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F00K!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bbd478-300b-43cf-8be6-9eaf5740d67a_750x563.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Eyl&#252;l/ 2025&#8217;de Do&#287;anc&#305; Barj&#305;, Kaynak: Fatih &#199;apk&#305;n/ AA</figcaption></figure></div><p>Suyun hik&#226;yesi yaln&#305;zca k&#305;tl&#305;kla de&#287;il, ta&#351;k&#305;nla da yaz&#305;ld&#305;. 1965 &#350;ubat&#8217;&#305;nda ya&#351;anan b&#252;y&#252;k sel felaketi, Bursa ve &#231;evresini vurmu&#351;; Uluabat G&#246;l&#252;&#8217;n&#252;n ta&#351;mas&#305; Karacabey ve Mustafakemalpa&#351;a&#8217;y&#305; haftalarca sular alt&#305;nda b&#305;rakm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Bu felaketin ard&#305;ndan g&#246;l&#252;n be&#351;te &#252;&#231;&#252;n&#252;n kurutulmas&#305;n&#305; &#246;ng&#246;ren bir proje haz&#305;rland&#305;. Ama&#231; hem ta&#351;k&#305;n riskini azaltmak hem de yeni tar&#305;m arazileri kazanmakt&#305;. D&#246;nemin m&#252;hendislik anlay&#305;&#351;&#305; a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan &#8220;mant&#305;kl&#305;&#8221; g&#246;r&#252;nen bu plan&#305;n hayata ge&#231;irilememesi, asl&#305;nda kenti daha b&#252;y&#252;k bir felaketten korudu. Zira sonraki y&#305;llarda h&#305;zla artan sanayi faaliyetleri ve kentle&#351;me, zaten var olan g&#246;l ve su havzalar&#305;n&#305; kirletmeye ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. E&#287;er Uluabat veya Manyas g&#246;lleri o y&#305;llarda kurutulsayd&#305;, bug&#252;n Bursa &#231;ok daha b&#252;y&#252;k bir tatl&#305; su yoksunlu&#287;uyla kar&#351;&#305; kar&#351;&#305;ya olabilirdi.</p><p>Yirmi birinci y&#252;zy&#305;la gelindi&#287;inde Bursa, ge&#231;mi&#351;te ya&#351;ad&#305;&#287;&#305; su krizlerini b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de kontrol alt&#305;na alm&#305;&#351; gibi g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;yordu. Ancak bu iyimser tablo, y&#252;zeyin alt&#305;ndaki k&#305;r&#305;lganl&#305;klar&#305; gizliyordu. Kent ile k&#305;r aras&#305;ndaki s&#305;n&#305;r, su &#252;zerinden yeniden &#231;izilmeye ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;: Kentin artan n&#252;fusu ve sanayisi tar&#305;m&#305;n su hakk&#305;n&#305; tehdit ediyor, madencilik faaliyetleri yeralt&#305; sular&#305;n&#305; &#231;ekiyor, barajlar&#305;n su rezervleri h&#305;zla azal&#305;yor, altyap&#305; yetersizlikleri hem kenti hem de &#231;evresini ma&#287;dur ediyordu.</p><p>2021 itibar&#305;yla Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n i&#231;me suyu &#252;&#231; b&#252;y&#252;k barajdan, Do&#287;anc&#305;, Nil&#252;fer ve &#199;&#305;narc&#305;k, sa&#287;lanmaktad&#305;r. 2002&#8217;de tamamlanan &#199;&#305;narc&#305;k Baraj&#305; i&#231;me suyu temininde ve elektrik &#252;retiminde kullan&#305;lmakta; 2007&#8217;de devreye giren Nil&#252;fer Baraj&#305; ise y&#305;ll&#305;k 60 milyon metrek&#252;p kapasitesiyle kente uzun vadeli bir g&#252;vence sunmaktayd&#305;. Ancak ne yaz&#305;k ki Nil&#252;fer Baraj&#305; eyl&#252;l ay&#305; ortas&#305;nda tamamen kurudu. Bu barajlardan gelen sular, -art&#305;k gelemeyen sular- g&#252;nl&#252;k 500 bin metrek&#252;p kapasiteye sahip Dobruca Ar&#305;tma Tesisi&#8217;nde ar&#305;t&#305;ld&#305;ktan sonra kentin &#351;ebeke sistemine aktar&#305;lmaktad&#305;r.</p><p>Su arz&#305;n&#305; &#231;e&#351;itlendirmek amac&#305;yla yap&#305;m&#305; s&#252;ren Gemlik-B&#252;y&#252;kkumla, &#304;neg&#246;l-Hocak&#246;y ve Karacabey-G&#246;lecik barajlar&#305;n&#305;n tamamlanmas&#305;yla kentin kaynaklar&#305;n&#305;n daha da g&#252;&#231;lenece&#287;i &#246;ng&#246;r&#252;lmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n i&#231;me suyunun yakla&#351;&#305;k %15&#8217;i h&#226;len kentin tarihsel su &#351;ebekesinin beslendi&#287;i Uluda&#287; p&#305;narlar&#305;ndan gelmektedir. Ayr&#305;ca yakla&#351;&#305;k 200 yeralt&#305; kuyusu da kurakl&#305;k veya ar&#305;za d&#246;nemlerinde devreye al&#305;nabilecek durumdad&#305;r.</p><p>Ne var ki bu &#231;e&#351;itlilik, su y&#246;netiminde sorunlar&#305;n &#231;&#246;z&#252;ld&#252;&#287;&#252; anlam&#305;na gelmemektedir. &#304;l genelinde %30 civar&#305;nda seyreden &#351;ebeke kay&#305;p oran&#305; h&#226;l&#226; ciddi bir problem olarak varl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#252;rd&#252;rmektedir. &#220;&#231; merkez il&#231;ede bu oran %19&#8217;a kadar gerilerken, Mustafakemalpa&#351;a&#8217;da &#351;ebeke suyunun %64&#8217;&#252; ka&#231;ak nedeniyle zayi olmaktad&#305;r. Bu tablo, teknik altyap&#305;n&#305;n h&#226;l&#226; k&#305;r&#305;lgan oldu&#287;unu ve suyun nicelik olarak bol g&#246;r&#252;nse de y&#246;netimsel a&#231;&#305;dan s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirlikten uzak oldu&#287;unu g&#246;stermektedir.</p><h2><strong>Kaynaktan Muslu&#287;a, &#350;irketten Vatanda&#351;a</strong></h2><p>Bu tablo, teknik altyap&#305;n&#305;n &#246;tesinde bir &#8220;g&#252;ven&#8221; meselesini de g&#246;zler &#246;n&#252;ne seriyor. 2006&#8217;da yap&#305;lan bir ara&#351;t&#305;rmaya g&#246;re, Bursal&#305;lar&#305;n yaln&#305;zca y&#252;zde 28&#8217;i t&#252;m su ihtiyac&#305;n&#305; musluk suyundan kar&#351;&#305;larken, b&#252;y&#252;k &#231;o&#287;unluk ya &#351;i&#351;elenmi&#351; suya y&#246;neliyor ya da ev tipi ar&#305;tma cihazlar&#305;n&#305; tercih ediyor. &#350;ebeke suyuna duyulan bu g&#252;vensizlik hem Bursa&#8217;da hem de T&#252;rkiye genelinde ambalajl&#305; su end&#252;strisini h&#305;zla b&#252;y&#252;tt&#252;.</p><p>Yirmi birinci y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ba&#351;&#305;ndan itibaren Uluda&#287; ve &#231;evresinde her y&#305;l yeni su fabrikalar&#305; y&#252;kseldi. Kimi do&#287;al kaynak sular&#305;n&#305; do&#287;rudan kayna&#287;&#305;ndan &#231;&#305;kar&#305;p &#351;i&#351;elerken, kimileri barajlar&#305; besleyen su damarlar&#305;n&#305; usuls&#252;z bi&#231;imde kendi &#252;retim hatlar&#305;na y&#246;nlendirdi. Sonu&#231;ta Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n ve Marmara B&#246;lgesi&#8217;nin suyu, musluklardan de&#287;il, etiketli &#351;i&#351;elere akar hale geldi.</p><p>Bug&#252;n &#252;lkede t&#252;ketilen ambalajl&#305; sular&#305;n y&#252;zde 48&#8217;i yine Marmara B&#246;lgesi&#8217;nde i&#231;iliyor. Ki&#351;i ba&#351;&#305;na y&#305;ll&#305;k ortalama 80 litre t&#252;ketim esas al&#305;nd&#305;&#287;&#305;nda, yaln&#305;zca pet &#351;i&#351;e sular&#305;n y&#305;ll&#305;k pazar pay&#305; yakla&#351;&#305;k 165 milyon TL&#8217;ye, damacana sular&#305;nki ise 280 milyon TL&#8217;ye ula&#351;&#305;yor (2022 verileri). Daha da &#231;arp&#305;c&#305; olan ise bu pazar&#305;n y&#252;zde 70&#8217;inin yabanc&#305; &#351;irketlerin kontrol&#252;nde olmas&#305;.</p><p>Tarih boyunca suyuyla an&#305;lan bir kentte, art&#305;k insanlar&#305;n kendi sular&#305;na ancak &#351;irketler arac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla ula&#351;abiliyor olu&#351;u b&#252;y&#252;k bir ironi. Bir zamanlar kamusal bir hak olarak g&#246;r&#252;len su, bug&#252;n ticarile&#351;mi&#351; bir meta haline geldi. Uluda&#287;&#8217;&#305;n eteklerinden do&#287;an sular&#305;n &#351;i&#351;elere girmesi, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n belle&#287;inde suyun anlam&#305;n&#305; k&#246;kten de&#287;i&#351;tirdi. &#8220;Kayna&#287;a eri&#351;im&#8221; art&#305;k belediyenin de&#287;il, piyasan&#305;n belirledi&#287;i bir meseleye d&#246;n&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351; durumda.</p><p>Bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;m, yaln&#305;zca ekonomik bir olgu de&#287;il; ayn&#305; zamanda derin bir k&#252;lt&#252;rel k&#305;r&#305;lman&#305;n i&#351;areti. Kentli, bir zamanlar &#246;zg&#252;rce akt&#305;&#287;&#305; &#231;e&#351;melerin suyuna art&#305;k hem fiziksel hem de sembolik anlamda yabanc&#305;.</p><h1><strong>Osmanl&#305;&#8217;dan G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;ze Ambalajl&#305; Kaynak ve Maden Suyunun Tarih&#231;esi</strong></h1><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png" width="134" height="349.18823529411765" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NXeQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde3a8718-cf36-4ff5-9c33-7af2eea3d0fb_340x886.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#304;ng&#246;l&#8217;den &#231;&#305;kan ve orada &#351;i&#351;elenen &#199;itli Maden Suyu&#8217;nun <em>Servetif&#252;nun</em> Dergisi&#8217;nde yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351; reklam ilan&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><p>Do&#287;al kaynak sular&#305;n&#305;n hen&#252;z ticarile&#351;medi&#287;i 19. y&#252;zy&#305;lda, &#351;i&#351;eleme ve depolama gibi i&#351;letme maliyetleri daha y&#252;ksek olan maden sular&#305;, Osmanl&#305; co&#287;rafyas&#305;n&#305;n &#231;e&#351;itli b&#246;lgelerinde metala&#351;maya ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Bursa&#8217;da &#304;neg&#246;l civar&#305;ndan &#231;&#305;kan <em>&#199;&#305;tl&#305; Maden Suyu</em>, bu anlamda Osmanl&#305;&#8217;daki ilk &#246;rneklerden biri olarak kabul edilir. Fransa&#8217;dan ithal edilen b&#252;y&#252;k boy cam &#351;i&#351;eler bu maden suyunun doldurulmas&#305;nda kullan&#305;l&#305;yor, ard&#305;ndan &#304;stanbul ve Bursa pazarlar&#305;na g&#246;nderiliyordu.<br>Bu d&#246;nemde maden sular&#305;n&#305;n &#246;zellikle mide rahats&#305;zl&#305;klar&#305;na iyi geldi&#287;ine inan&#305;l&#305;yor; bu nedenle y&#252;ksek talep g&#246;ren bir pazar olu&#351;uyordu. Devlet de bu i&#351;letmelerin kamu yarar&#305;na katk&#305; sunmas&#305;n&#305; &#351;art ko&#351;mu&#351;tu: &#199;&#305;tl&#305; Maden Suyu&#8217;nun gelirinden bir k&#305;sm&#305; <em>Bursa Guraba Hastanesi&#8217;</em>ne tahsis edilmekteydi. Hatta ilerleyen y&#305;llarda bu gelirden Hamidiye&#8211;Hicaz Demiryolu in&#351;aat&#305; da pay alm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Bu y&#246;n&#252;yle, erken d&#246;nem maden suyu i&#351;letmeleri yaln&#305;zca ticar&#238; de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda kamusal bir hizmet i&#351;levi de &#252;stlenmi&#351;tir.</p><p>1911 y&#305;l&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde, Orhaneli&#8211;&#199;ayba&#351;&#305; (G&#246;ndert) civar&#305;ndaki do&#287;al maden suyu kaynaklar&#305;, uzun s&#252;re yerel halk taraf&#305;ndan bilinse de, ilk kez yabanc&#305; giri&#351;imcilerin ilgisini &#231;ekti. Frans&#305;z bir yat&#305;r&#305;mc&#305; taraf&#305;ndan <em>&#8220;Ke&#351;i&#351; Da&#287; Maden Sular&#305;</em>&#8221; ad&#305;yla &#351;i&#351;elenip pazarlanan bu kaynak, Cumhuriyet d&#246;neminde el de&#287;i&#351;tirerek <em>Uluda&#287; &#304;&#231;ecek</em> markas&#305;n&#305;n temelini olu&#351;turdu. Cumhuriyet&#8217;in ilk y&#305;llar&#305;nda dahi bu sular tam kapasiteyle i&#351;letilemiyor, &#351;i&#351;elenmi&#351; &#252;r&#252;nler <em>kat&#305;rlarla kent merkezine</em> ta&#351;&#305;n&#305;yordu. G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zdeyse bu b&#246;lgeden &#231;&#305;kan kaynaklar <em>Uluda&#287;, &#214;zkaynak </em>ve<em> &#199;&#305;nar</em> gibi markalar arac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla T&#252;rkiye genelinde sat&#305;lmakta; b&#246;lge halk&#305;n&#305;n yakla&#351;&#305;k %70&#8217;i su end&#252;strisinde istihdam edilmektedir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p3sm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdfeabad-26cc-4f48-8d96-c02b279ce32c_1600x1501.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p3sm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdfeabad-26cc-4f48-8d96-c02b279ce32c_1600x1501.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p3sm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdfeabad-26cc-4f48-8d96-c02b279ce32c_1600x1501.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p3sm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdfeabad-26cc-4f48-8d96-c02b279ce32c_1600x1501.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p3sm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdfeabad-26cc-4f48-8d96-c02b279ce32c_1600x1501.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p3sm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbdfeabad-26cc-4f48-8d96-c02b279ce32c_1600x1501.jpeg" width="326" height="305.8489010989011" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda <em>Uluda&#287; Maden Suyu</em>&#8217;nun &#351;i&#351;elenme ve ta&#351;&#305;nma i&#351;lemini g&#246;steren foto&#287;raflar ve haber yaz&#305;s&#305;. </figcaption></figure></div><p>1980&#8217;li y&#305;llar ise T&#252;rkiye&#8217;de ambalaj teknolojisinde bir d&#246;n&#252;m noktas&#305; oldu. &#220;lkede ilk kez PET (Polietilen Tereftalat) &#351;i&#351;e &#252;retimi bu d&#246;nemde ger&#231;ekle&#351;tirildi. &#214;nceleri yaln&#305;zca su ambalajlamada kullan&#305;lan bu &#351;i&#351;eler, k&#305;sa s&#252;rede di&#287;er s&#305;v&#305; g&#305;dalar i&#231;in de tercih edilmeye ba&#351;land&#305;. <em>Erbak-Uluda&#287;</em>, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;ye ilk vidal&#305; kapak sistemini getiren firma olurken; <em>&#199;aml&#305;ca Gazoz</em> ile PET &#351;i&#351;eye me&#351;rubat dolumunu ba&#351;latan &#246;nc&#252; &#351;irketlerden biri oldu. T&#252;rkiye&#8217;deki ilk PET ambalajl&#305; su markas&#305; ise P&#305;nar (&#350;anal) olarak bilinmektedir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png" width="250" height="333.59375" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:854,&quot;width&quot;:640,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:250,&quot;bytes&quot;:964311,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/180342657?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j6OM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94ea67f9-1bff-4be4-97a5-9070bb5bb7e1_640x854.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br>Adana&#8217;daki Sabanc&#305; Holding&#8217;e ait SASA Fabrikas&#305;, T&#252;rkiye&#8217;de PET &#351;i&#351;e &#252;retimini sanayi &#246;l&#231;e&#287;inde ba&#351;latan ilk tesistir. &#304;lk &#252;retim, iki adet Nissei ASB (650 ve 1200) enjeksiyon&#8211;&#351;i&#351;irme makinesiyle 0,5 litrelik kavanoz ve 20 litrelik damacana formunda ger&#231;ekle&#351;tirilmi&#351;; pazara &#8220;Ne cam &#351;i&#351;e, ne plastik &#351;i&#351;e, yepyeni bir &#351;i&#351;e: PET &#350;i&#351;e!&#8221; slogan&#305;yla tan&#305;t&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p>1987&#8217;de yaln&#305;zca Pozant&#305;&#8217;daki kaynaktan 52 milyon adet PET su &#351;i&#351;esi &#252;retildi. 2000&#8217;lere gelindi&#287;inde SASA, sekiz preform enjeksiyon, be&#351; &#231;ift a&#351;amal&#305; &#351;i&#351;irme ve on be&#351; tek a&#351;amal&#305; enjeksiyon&#8211;&#351;i&#351;irme makinesiyle T&#252;rkiye&#8217;nin entegre PET &#252;retim merkezi h&#226;line geldi. 2000&#8217;li y&#305;llardan itibaren verimlilik gerek&#231;esiyle &#231;ift a&#351;amal&#305; &#252;retim teknolojisine ge&#231;ildi.<br>Bug&#252;n T&#252;rkiye&#8217;de PET &#351;i&#351;e &#252;retimi b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de yerli hammaddeyle s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lmekle birlikte, temel hammadde olan PET resin (Polietilen Tereftalat re&#231;inesi) &#252;reticisi say&#305;s&#305; h&#226;l&#226; s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305;d&#305;r. Yine de i&#231;me sular&#305;, maden sular&#305; ve karbondioksitli i&#231;eceklerde PET malzeme, dayan&#305;kl&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;, kimyasal direnci ve &#351;effafl&#305;&#287;&#305; nedeniyle en &#231;ok tercih edilen ambalaj t&#252;r&#252; olmaya devam etmektedir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png" width="304" height="417.2692307692308" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1142,&quot;width&quot;:832,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:304,&quot;bytes&quot;:1360820,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/180342657?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Onn7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49381083-a132-4f8d-92bf-882984cd2a11_832x1142.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Metnimizi noktalarken &#351;u noktay&#305; &#246;zellikle vurgulamak gerekir: Elbette Uluda&#287;&#8217;&#305;n e&#351;siz do&#287;al kaynak sular&#305;n&#305; en ileri teknolojilerle i&#351;leyip &#351;i&#351;eleyelim; katma de&#287;erli &#252;r&#252;nler ortaya koyal&#305;m; T&#252;rk Hava Yollar&#305; gibi k&#252;resel markalar, farkl&#305; milletlerden milyonlarca yolcusuna Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n suyunu sunarak b&#246;lge ekonomisine katk&#305; sa&#287;las&#305;n. Modern ekonominin gerektirdi&#287;i giri&#351;imcilik ruhu ve k&#252;resel pazarlara a&#231;&#305;lma arzusu son derece de&#287;erlidir. Ancak kar&#351;&#305; &#231;&#305;kt&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z, barajlar&#305; besleyen do&#287;al damarlar&#305;n <strong>kontrols&#252;z ve hoyrat bi&#231;imde</strong> do&#287;rudan fabrikalara y&#246;nlendirilmesi, bu damarlar&#305;n ticari ama&#231;la a&#351;&#305;r&#305; t&#252;ketilmesi ve bunun sonucunda kentin susuz b&#305;rak&#305;lmas&#305;d&#305;r.</p><p>Di&#287;er yandan mesele yaln&#305;zca suyun ticarile&#351;tirilmesi de&#287;ildir; son yirmi y&#305;lda giderek h&#305;zlanan k&#252;resel &#305;s&#305;nma, ya&#287;&#305;&#351; rejimlerini alt&#252;st etmi&#351;; yerel su d&#246;ng&#252;s&#252;n&#252; bask&#305; alt&#305;na alan daha geni&#351; &#246;l&#231;ekli, y&#252;zlerce y&#305;ll&#305;k bir iklim de&#287;i&#351;imi s&#252;recinin i&#231;inde oldu&#287;umuzu da hat&#305;rlatmaktad&#305;r. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla yap&#305;lmas&#305; gereken, ekonomik faaliyetleri destekleyen ancak <strong>ekolojik s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lebilirli&#287;i esas alan</strong>, hem sekt&#246;r&#252;n b&#252;y&#252;mesini hem de kentin uzun vadeli su g&#252;venli&#287;ini garanti alt&#305;na alan bir kaynak y&#246;netimi anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;d&#305;r.</p><p></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Kaynaklar:</strong></p><p>Winiwarter, Verena, ve Gertrud Haidvogl. 2016. &#8220;The Long-Term Evolution of Urban Waters and Their Nineteenth-Century Transformation in European Cities: A Comparative Environmental History.&#8221; <em>Water History</em> 8 (2): 145&#8211;164.</p><p>  Ya&#351;ayanlar, &#304;smail. &#8220;Su, &#199;evre, Sanayi ve Devlet: Modernle&#351;me S&#252;recinde Bursa Kentinin Suyunu &#8216;S&#305;hhile&#351;tirmek&#8217;&#8221;. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi, sy. 2 (Haziran 2023): 72-89.</p><p>Uzer, &#304;hsan. 1943. <em>Bug&#252;nk&#252; Bursa Sular&#305;.</em> Bursa: Halkevi Ne&#351;riyat&#305; &#8211; Bursa Vilayet Matbaas&#305;.</p><p>&#214;zdemir, Nezaket ve Alper Can. 2024. <em>Cumhuriyet Asr&#305;nda Bursa (1923&#8211;2023).</em> &#304;stanbul: Son&#231;a&#287; Akademi.</p><p>Devlet Ar&#351;ivleri Ba&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305; Osmanl&#305; Ar&#351;ivi (BOA). BEO, 148/11083, 4-07-1310.</p><p>Devlet Ar&#351;ivleri Ba&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305; Cumhuriyet Ar&#351;ivi (BCA). 30-18-1/20.58.18, 12.09.1926.</p></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Rıza İlova'nın Kaleminden Eski Bursa Meyhaneleri, Eğlence Alemleri ve Kabadayıları]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n 20.]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/rza-ilovann-kaleminden-eski-bursa</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/rza-ilovann-kaleminden-eski-bursa</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 15 Nov 2025 07:04:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bBki!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F860f1fa1-0b8b-48d1-8f4b-0eaa4d125249_1125x889.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bBki!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F860f1fa1-0b8b-48d1-8f4b-0eaa4d125249_1125x889.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bBki!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F860f1fa1-0b8b-48d1-8f4b-0eaa4d125249_1125x889.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bBki!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F860f1fa1-0b8b-48d1-8f4b-0eaa4d125249_1125x889.jpeg 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bBki!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F860f1fa1-0b8b-48d1-8f4b-0eaa4d125249_1125x889.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bBki!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F860f1fa1-0b8b-48d1-8f4b-0eaa4d125249_1125x889.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bBki!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F860f1fa1-0b8b-48d1-8f4b-0eaa4d125249_1125x889.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bBki!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F860f1fa1-0b8b-48d1-8f4b-0eaa4d125249_1125x889.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l ba&#351;lar&#305;nda h&#305;zla de&#287;i&#351;en &#231;ehresi i&#231;inde kaybolan bir d&#252;nyan&#305;n tan&#305;kl&#305;klar&#305;, R&#305;za &#304;lova&#8217;n&#305;n anlatt&#305;klar&#305;nda canl&#305; bir &#351;ekilde kar&#351;&#305;m&#305;za &#231;&#305;kar. Onun hat&#305;ralar&#305;nda, &#351;ehrin eski kabaday&#305;lar&#305;, meyhaneleri, hovardal&#305;k &#226;lemleri ve esnaf dayan&#305;&#351;mas&#305; yaln&#305;zca birer hik&#226;ye de&#287;il, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n toplumsal haf&#305;zas&#305;n&#305;n dokusunu olu&#351;turan sahnelerdir. &#304;lova&#8217;n&#305;n aktard&#305;klar&#305;, Osmanl&#305; son d&#246;neminden Cumhuriyet&#8217;in ilk y&#305;llar&#305;na uzanan bir ge&#231;i&#351; toplumunun renklerini, raconunu, erkeksi zarafetini ve g&#252;ndelik hayat pratiklerini g&#246;zler &#246;n&#252;ne serer.</p><p>Bu anlat&#305;lar, bir yandan ta&#351;ra kentinde &#351;ekillenen yerel k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n ayr&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305;n&#305; sergilerken, &#246;te yandan &#304;stanbul&#8217;un g&#246;lgesindeki bir Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n kendi &#8220;efelik&#8221; tarz&#305;n&#305;, kendi ahl&#226;k kodlar&#305;n&#305; ve e&#287;lence k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252; nas&#305;l kurdu&#287;unu da g&#246;sterir. &#8220;Bursa efesi&#8221;nin y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;&#351;&#252;nden, &#8220;ak&#351;amc&#305;&#8221;lar&#305;n meyhane sohbetlerine; &#8220;hovardal&#305;k&#8221;tan esnaf dayan&#305;&#351;mas&#305;na kadar bu hik&#226;yeler, kaybolmu&#351; bir &#351;ehir k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n i&#231;ten, yer yer mizahi bir aynas&#305;d&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic" width="336" height="365.3076923076923" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rSt2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f348f5-ff8a-4836-8985-1a0c9efefaee_2891x3143.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Bursa Kent M&#252;zesi&#8217;ndeki R&#305;za &#304;lova&#8217;n&#305;n &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma masas&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><h3><strong>BURSA EFES&#304;</strong></h3><p>Merhum Mehmed Balaca, Bursa efesini &#351;&#246;yle tarif ederdi:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Aya&#287;&#305;nda tulumbac&#305; yemenisi yahut gedik pabu&#231;; beyaz dizlik.<br>K&#305;sa &#351;alvar, dizleri a&#231;&#305;k. Kal&#231;adan g&#246;&#287;&#252;s alt&#305;na kadar ku&#351;ak i&#231;inde s&#246;&#287;&#252;t yapra&#287;&#305; b&#305;&#231;ak. Koltuk alt&#305;nda sald&#305;rma. &#220;stte camadan, onun &#252;st&#252;nde ferman veya salta. Ba&#351;ta uzun ve sivri kal&#305;pl&#305; fes.<br>Fesin etraf&#305;nda yedi sekiz yemeni burma; arkada k&#252;rek alt&#305;na kadar uzanan bir okkal&#305;k ipek p&#252;sk&#252;l.</p><p>&#199;ar&#351;&#305;dan ge&#231;erken ayak parmaklar&#305;n&#305;n ucuna basarak ta&#351;tan ta&#351;a seker gibi y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;&#351;...</p><p>&#304;&#351;in fiyakas&#305; da p&#252;sk&#252;l&#252;n bir iki ucunu a&#287;za al&#305;p, sigara i&#231;er gibi &#231;i&#287;neyerek y&#252;r&#252;mektir.</p><p>Sonralar&#305; Vali Ahmet Vefik Pa&#351;a, yan&#305;na ald&#305;&#287;&#305; birka&#231; zaptiye ile Tahtakale&#8217;de kasaplar&#305;n &#246;n&#252;ne oturur, oradan ge&#231;en efelerin &#351;alvarlar&#305;n&#305; makasla kestirerek arkas&#305; a&#231;&#305;k &#351;ekilde &#231;ar&#351;&#305;dan kovdururdu. Halk aras&#305;nda bu gibilerine &#8216;U&#231;ari&#8217; denirdi.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Benim hat&#305;rlad&#305;&#287;&#305;m k&#305;yafet de &#351;udur:</p><p>Sivri kal&#305;pl&#305;, siyaha yak&#305;n koyu renkli fes ve ince siyah p&#252;sk&#252;l; bol g&#252;m&#252;&#351; i&#351;lemeli d&#252;&#287;melerle s&#252;slenmi&#351; lacivert ceket ve &#246;n&#252; keseli avc&#305; yele&#287;i. Yine lacivert, &#231;ok geni&#351; pa&#231;al&#305; pantolon&#8230;<br>Pantolonun dizden a&#351;a&#287;&#305; yan k&#305;s&#305;mlar&#305; d&#252;&#287;melidir; gerekti&#287;inde aya&#287;&#305;n etraf&#305;na dolan&#305;p ikinci s&#305;ra d&#252;&#287;melerle iliklenince k&#252;lot pantolona d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;r. &#199;izme veya garmal&#305;k giymeye elveri&#351;li bi&#231;imdedir. Dizlerinin &#252;st&#252; oval &#351;ekilde ayn&#305; kuma&#351;tan bir kat daha kaplanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p>Bunlar&#305;n &#252;zerinde diz alt&#305;nda ba&#287;l&#305;, ayr&#305; renkte kuma&#351;tan geni&#351; pa&#231;al&#305; tozluk; ayakta yumurta &#246;k&#231;eli, arkas&#305; bas&#305;k tulumbac&#305; yahut yemeni ayakkab&#305;.<br>Bazen fes yerine &#8220;&#199;erkez ba&#287;&#305;&#8221; denilen, p&#252;sk&#252;ll&#252;, gerekti&#287;inde boyun ve kulaklar&#305; koruyan; g&#252;ndelikte ise ba&#351;a sar&#305;k gibi ustal&#305;kla oturtulan ba&#351;l&#305;k da giyilirdi.</p><p>Kibar olanlarda &#246;nde alt&#305;n ve g&#252;m&#252;&#351; i&#351;lemeli &#199;erkez kamas&#305; olurdu.<br>Sa&#231;lar kulaklar&#305;n &#252;st&#252;ne kadar uzun ve m&#252;mk&#252;nse k&#305;v&#305;rc&#305;k; tepe k&#305;sm&#305; ise &#8220;ayna tra&#351;&#305;&#8221; denen &#351;ekilde k&#305;sa kesilirdi.<br>B&#305;y&#305;klar yukar&#305;ya burulurdu; sol omuz daima sald&#305;rman&#305;n alt&#305;nda oldu&#287;unu belli edecek bi&#231;imde yukar&#305; kalk&#305;kt&#305;.</p><p>Ata binildi&#287;inde siyah ke&#231;eden, d&#305;&#351;&#305; uzun y&#252;nlerle p&#252;sk&#252;ll&#252; ve kukuletal&#305; &#199;erkez yam&#231;&#305;s&#305; giyilirdi. Bu hem at&#305; hem biniciyi ya&#287;murdan korurdu.<br>&#199;izme varsa, sa&#287; kenar&#305;nda mutlaka bir &#199;erkez kam&#231;&#305;s&#305; sokulurdu.</p><p>G&#246;mlek olarak yakas&#305; d&#252;z veya g&#246;&#287;s&#252; a&#231;&#305;k, &#8220;Hama kuma&#351;&#305;&#8221; denilen yollu ipekli mintanlar tercih edilirdi.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>ESK&#304; AK&#350;AMCILAR</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg" width="290" height="435.50640279394645" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iY5w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60e2462b-4891-4c50-bad9-ec2c2655eb21_859x1290.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Rahmetli Balaca Mehmed Efendi anlat&#305;rd&#305;:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Arkada&#351;&#305;m&#305;z, Muradiyeli Mehmed &#199;avu&#351; her ak&#351;am rak&#305; i&#231;meden duramazd&#305;. &#304;kindiden sonra Alt&#305;parmak&#8217;taki Rum meyhanelerinden birine gider, rak&#305;s&#305;n&#305; i&#231;er, evine &#246;yle d&#246;nerdi.</p><p>Evde han&#305;m&#305; buna k&#305;zar, &#8216;&#304;&#231;eceksen evinde i&#231;, elin meyhanecisine para verme!&#8217; dermi&#351;.</p><p>Bir g&#252;n Mehmed &#199;avu&#351; rak&#305;s&#305;n&#305; evde i&#231;meye karar vermi&#351;. Sabah han&#305;m&#305;na da tembihlemi&#351;:</p><p>&#8211; Ak&#351;ama &#231;armak&#231;uru (rak&#305;) evde i&#231;ece&#287;im, mezeyi ona g&#246;re haz&#305;rla!</p><p>Han&#305;m&#305; da &#231;e&#351;it &#231;e&#351;it meze haz&#305;rlam&#305;&#351;. Mehmed ak&#351;am okkal&#305;k &#351;i&#351;e ile eve gelmi&#351;. Sofraya bakm&#305;&#351; ki Rum meyhanesindekinden bin kat g&#252;zel. &#304;&#231;meye ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;, kendi kendine s&#246;yleniyormu&#351;:</p><p>&#8211; Ne diye meyhaneye gider, hem imans&#305;z peynirle kokmu&#351; kavun yer, hem de d&#252;nyan&#305;n paras&#305;n&#305; veririm! Rak&#305; b&#246;yle i&#231;ilir i&#351;te...</p><p>Ama &#351;i&#351;e yar&#305;lan&#305;nca, i&#231;ki dili &#231;&#246;zd&#252;rm&#252;&#351;; konu&#351;acak kimse bulamay&#305;nca s&#305;k&#305;lm&#305;&#351;. Rak&#305; insana konu&#351;turur ya&#8230; Nihayet han&#305;m&#305;na d&#246;nm&#252;&#351;:</p><p>&#8211; Han&#305;m! Sen Sivastopol muharebesinde ka&#231;&#305;nc&#305; taburdayd&#305;n?</p><p>Han&#305;m&#305; &#351;a&#351;&#305;rm&#305;&#351;:</p><p>&#8211; A efendi, kendine gel! Benim Sivastopol muharebesinde ne i&#351;im var?</p><p>Mehmed&#8217;in arad&#305;&#287;&#305; da buymu&#351; zaten:</p><p>&#8211; G&#246;rd&#252;n m&#252;? Ben bunu meyhanede sorsam, en az d&#246;rt arkada&#351; &#231;&#305;kar; kimi birinci taburda, kimi yaralanm&#305;&#351;, kimi esir olmu&#351; der. Bununla da bu &#351;i&#351;enin kalan&#305;n&#305; i&#231;erdik!</p><p>Deyip yar&#305;m &#351;i&#351;eyi cebine koydu&#287;u gibi Muradiye&#8217;den Alt&#305;parmak&#8217;a, meyhaneye inmi&#351; yine&#8230;&#8221;</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3><strong>ESK&#304; HOVARDALIK &#194;LEMLER&#304;</strong></h3><p>Eski Bursa hovardalar&#305;ndan rahmetli A. A.&#8217;dan derlenmi&#351;tir:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Biz eskiden Bursa&#8217;da i&#231;ki i&#231;mekte, kad&#305;n oynatmakta zorluk &#231;ekmezdik; fakat yer bulmakta zorlan&#305;rd&#305;k. Mahallelerde b&#246;yle &#226;lemlere kar&#305;&#351;an olur, bask&#305;n yap&#305;l&#305;r, ho&#351; g&#246;r&#252;lmezdi.</p><p>Birka&#231; arkada&#351; Zindankap&#305; Mahallesi&#8217;nde bir ev tutard&#305;k. G&#252;nd&#252;zden birimiz rak&#305;y&#305;, mezeyi, oyuncu k&#305;z&#305; (ya da o zaman&#305;n tabiriyle &#8216;kaltak&#8217;) eve sokar, biz de yats&#305;dan sonra gizlice giderdik.</p><p>Bir g&#252;n arkada&#351;lardan biri bir kad&#305;n buldu&#287;unu s&#246;yledi. &#220;&#231; ki&#351;iydik. Aram&#305;zda para toplad&#305;k, mezeyi o haz&#305;rlayacakt&#305;.</p><p>Biz iki ki&#351;i Alt&#305;parmak&#8217;taki Rum meyhanelerinde biraz &#8216;&#305;s&#305;nd&#305;k&#8217; ve yats&#305;dan sonra eve vard&#305;k. Sofra haz&#305;r, kad&#305;n mutfakta. Tam sofraya oturduk ki arkada&#351;&#305;m birden bozuldu, kula&#287;&#305;ma e&#287;ilip:</p><p>&#8211; &#304;&#351;te &#351;imdi i&#351; sarpa sard&#305;. Bu kad&#305;n bizim dikici A.&#8217;n&#305;n eski metresi!</p><p>Eskiden racon vard&#305;; bir arkada&#351;&#305;n kad&#305;n&#305;na, metresine dahi yan g&#246;zle bak&#305;lmazd&#305;. Hemen karar verdik, Dikici&#8217;nin evine gidip durumu anlatacakt&#305;k.</p><p>Hava ya&#287;&#305;&#351;l&#305;, yollar &#231;amurlu, sokaklar karanl&#305;k&#8230; &#199;aresiz ver elini Molla Arap!</p><p>Dikici&#8217;yi evinde uyur bulduk. Uyand&#305;r&#305;p anlatt&#305;k. O da d&#246;rt y&#305;l &#246;nce bu kad&#305;ndan ayr&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, evlenip &#231;ocuk sahibi oldu&#287;unu s&#246;yledi. Yine de bizimle geldi.</p><p>O gece sabaha kadar &#231;armak&#231;ur i&#231;tik; kad&#305;n bize hizmet etti, rak&#305; doldurdu ama biz kad&#305;na bakmadan sabahlad&#305;k.</p><p>Bizim zaman&#305;m&#305;zda hovardal&#305;k b&#246;yleydi: Ba&#351;kas&#305;n&#305;n kar&#305;s&#305;na, k&#305;z&#305;na de&#287;il, be&#351; sene evvelki metresine bile yan g&#246;zle bak&#305;lmazd&#305;...&#8221;</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3><strong>ESNAF ARASINDAK&#304; B&#304;RL&#304;K</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg" width="344" height="488.3271111111111" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F9tE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F93c41514-2087-46f4-a406-8237c415c741_1125x1597.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Sermet Muhtar Alus&#8217;un 1935&#8217;te &#231;izdi&#287;i resim</figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p>Merhum Bademlio&#287;lu Said Bey &#351;&#246;yle anlat&#305;r:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Biz Bursa&#8217;da sabahlar&#305; d&#252;kk&#226;nlar&#305;m&#305;z&#305; a&#231;&#305;nca ilk m&#252;&#351;terinin yapaca&#287;&#305; siftah al&#305;&#351;veri&#351;ine &#231;ok k&#305;ymet verirdik.</p><p>E&#287;er kom&#351;u esnaf siftah etmemi&#351;se, bize gelen ikinci m&#252;&#351;teriye elimizde olsa bile o mal&#305; satmazd&#305;k.</p><p>&#8211; O maldan kar&#351;&#305;daki d&#252;kk&#226;nda var, oraya sorun! &#8211; derdik.</p><p>Mutlaka herkesin sabah birer sat&#305;&#351; yapmas&#305;n&#305; isterdik. Ondan sonra g&#252;n boyu herkes kendi k&#305;smetine &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;rd&#305;. Esnaf dayan&#305;&#351;mas&#305; b&#246;yleydi...&#8221;</p></blockquote><p></p><div class="pullquote"><p>Faz&#305;l Yenisey&#8217;in <em>Bursa Folkl&#246;r&#252;</em> adl&#305; eserindeki R&#305;za &#304;lova&#8217;n&#305;n b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;nden (s. 215-218) al&#305;nt&#305;d&#305;r. </p></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Uludağ’ın Gölgesinde Kayıp Bir İsviçreli: Emanuel Falkeisen ve Vin d’Olympe ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bursa'n&#305;n unutulan &#351;arap markas&#305; ve bir ailenin hikayesi]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/uludagn-golgesinde-kayp-bir-isvicreli</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/uludagn-golgesinde-kayp-bir-isvicreli</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 07:19:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png" width="1430" height="808" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-dTQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F752c4b0b-e721-4448-8f33-04bc5032e09f_1430x808.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bug&#252;n Bursa, neredeyse hi&#231;bir &#351;arap &#252;retimine ev sahipli&#287;i yapmayan bir kent. Oysa yakla&#351;&#305;k 160 y&#305;l &#246;ncesine d&#246;nd&#252;&#287;&#252;m&#252;zde, kar&#351;&#305;m&#305;za bamba&#351;ka bir manzara &#231;&#305;kar. Kirazl&#305;yayla&#8217;dan Demirkap&#305;&#8217;ya, Demirta&#351;&#8217;tan G&#252;ndo&#287;du&#8217;ya kadar uzanan geni&#351; bir co&#287;rafyada ba&#287;c&#305;l&#305;k canl&#305; ve yayg&#305;nd&#305;. Bu ba&#287;lardan elde edilen &#351;araplar&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;k k&#305;sm&#305; belki kaba i&#231;imliydi, ama kent merkezindeki meyhanelerde hem M&#252;sl&#252;manlar hem de gayrim&#252;slimler taraf&#305;ndan bolca t&#252;ketiliyordu. &#350;arap, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n sosyal ya&#351;am&#305;nda da &#246;nemli bir rol oynuyordu; sokak aralar&#305;nda, &#231;ar&#351;&#305;da, meyhanelerde kentin g&#252;nl&#252;k ritmini &#351;ekillendiriyordu.</p><p>Ancak baz&#305; &#252;reticiler, d&#246;nemin modern &#252;retim tekniklerini benimseyerek &#351;araplar&#305;n&#305; birer &#8220;marka&#8221; h&#226;line getirmeye ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. &#304;&#351;te bu noktada kar&#351;&#305;m&#305;za <strong>Emanuel Falkeisen</strong> ve onun <strong>&#8220;Vin d&#8217;Olympe&#8221;</strong> markas&#305; &#231;&#305;k&#305;yor. Falkeisen, yaln&#305;zca &#351;arap&#231;&#305;l&#305;k ile de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda Bursa sanayi hayat&#305;na da damgas&#305;n&#305; vurmu&#351; bir isimdi; kentin ilk buharl&#305; ipek fabrikalar&#305;ndan birini kurmu&#351; ve bir d&#246;nem Avusturya ile Rusya&#8217;n&#305;n fahri konsolosluklar&#305;n&#305; y&#252;r&#252;tm&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><p>&#350;imdi gelin, Ke&#351;i&#351; Da&#287;&#305; eteklerinde izlerini kaybetmi&#351; o unutulmu&#351; &#351;arap markas&#305;na ge&#231;meden &#246;nce, Bursa sanayi tarihine ve kent ya&#351;am&#305;na derin izler b&#305;rakm&#305;&#351; <strong>Falkeisen Ailesi&#8217;nin hik&#226;yesine</strong> yak&#305;ndan bakal&#305;m.</p><h3>Basel&#8217;den Bursa&#8217;ya Uzanan Bir Hikaye: Falkeisenler</h3><p>Falkeisen ailesinin hik&#226;yesi, Ren Nehri&#8217;nin sulad&#305;&#287;&#305; geni&#351; ovalar&#305;yla &#252;nl&#252; <strong>Basel</strong>&#8217;de, yani &#304;svi&#231;re&#8217;nin ipek kurdele &#252;retimiyle tan&#305;nan eski manifakt&#252;r kentinde ba&#351;lar. Y&#252;zy&#305;llard&#305;r ipekli dokumac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n merkezlerinden birisi olan Basel, sanayi &#231;a&#287;&#305;n&#305;n geli&#351;iyle birlikte h&#305;zla buhar makineleriyle dolu fabrikalar&#305;n kentine d&#246;n&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Hen&#252;z iplik h&#226;line getirilmemi&#351; ipek telleri, genellikle &#304;svi&#231;re ve Fransa k&#305;rsal&#305;ndaki yerle&#351;imlerde yeti&#351;tirilen kozalar&#305;n filat&#252;rlerde &#231;ekilmesiyle elde ediliyordu. Ancak Buhar &#231;a&#287;&#305;nda rekabet sertle&#351;mi&#351;, &#252;reticiler hammadde kaynaklar&#305;n&#305; daha ucuz elde etmenin yollar&#305;n&#305; aramaya ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Bu nedenle pek &#231;ok giri&#351;imci Osmanl&#305; topraklar&#305;na y&#246;neldi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png" width="422" height="331.99717514124296" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1114,&quot;width&quot;:1416,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:422,&quot;bytes&quot;:2514041,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hUGy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d862890-a7d2-4113-8f7c-8c5bc7ff5c4f_1416x1114.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Emanuel Falkeisen, &#199;izen: J. J. Falkeisen</figcaption></figure></div><p>Emanuel Falkeisen de onlardan biriydi. Fakat o, &#304;svi&#231;re&#8217;de kendi fabrikas&#305;n&#305;n sahibi de&#287;il; <em>Heinrich de Daniel von Muralt</em> firmas&#305;n&#305;n temsilcisiydi. G&#246;revi, Bursa piyasas&#305;n&#305; yak&#305;ndan izlemek, en uygun fiyata koza sat&#305;n almak ve bunlardan elde etti&#287;i ham ipe&#287;i Basel&#8217;e g&#246;ndermekti. K&#305;sa s&#252;rede b&#252;y&#252;k ba&#351;ar&#305; kazand&#305;. Hatta ar&#351;iv belgeleri ve d&#246;nemin anlat&#305;lar&#305;na g&#246;re, Muradiye/ &#199;&#305;nar&#246;n&#252;&#8217;ndeki buharl&#305; fabrikas&#305;nda Rum kad&#305;n i&#351;&#231;ilerin &#231;al&#305;&#351;abilmesi i&#231;in Bursa Piskoposu&#8217;ndan &#246;zel izin alm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G_x2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa05f5cfa-ef6e-4a2f-b6f9-b98c5602cf59_1496x1160.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G_x2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa05f5cfa-ef6e-4a2f-b6f9-b98c5602cf59_1496x1160.png 424w, 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Johann Jakob Falkeisen, <strong>Bursa&#8217;ya Var&#305;&#351; ve Giri&#351;, Kas&#305;m 1843</strong>, <em>Skizzenbuch &#171;Reise Erinnerungen&#187;, Falkeisenler ve Bursa&#8217;daki yak&#305;n &#231;evreleri, Rus Konsoloslu&#287;u binas&#305; olarak kulland&#305;klar&#305; Setba&#351;&#305;&#8217;ndaki &#351;ahsi konutlar&#305; dikkat &#231;ekiyor. Basel Arkeoloji M&#252;zesi Koleksiyonu.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>D&#246;neminin klasik &#8220;t&#252;ccar-diplomat&#8221; tiplerinden biri olan Falkeisen, ilerleyen y&#305;llarda Rusya ve ard&#305;ndan Avusturya&#8217;n&#305;n fahri konsolosu olarak g&#246;rev yapt&#305;. 22 Nisan 1844 tarihli, Odessa&#8217;dan g&#246;nderilen bir mektupta, Falkeisen&#8217;in Rus bayra&#287;&#305; ta&#351;&#305;yan gemisinin kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; engelleri gerek&#231;e g&#246;stererek &#304;ngiliz himayesinden ayr&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; ve Rus t&#252;ccar stat&#252;s&#252;n&#252; benimsedi&#287;i anla&#351;&#305;lmaktad&#305;r. Bu durum, onun ilerleyen y&#305;llarda Rus konsolosu olarak atanmas&#305;n&#305;n da &#246;n&#252;n&#252; a&#231;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n yerel dokusuna h&#305;zla uyum sa&#287;lad&#305;; ticari giri&#351;imleri k&#305;sa s&#252;rede &#231;e&#351;itlendi. Gemlik&#8217;ten &#304;stanbul&#8217;a i&#351;leyen bir buharl&#305; gemi hatt&#305;n&#305;n acental&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; &#252;stleniyor, Bursa&#8217;da bir hamam i&#351;letiyor, hatta birazdan inceleyece&#287;imiz &#351;arap ve rak&#305; at&#246;lyesinin de sahibi olarak &#246;ne &#231;&#305;k&#305;yordu. Ayr&#305;ca ila&#231; ithalat&#305;na girmi&#351; ve bir eczane a&#231;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;. T&#252;m bu yat&#305;r&#305;mlar, k&#305;r&#305;lgan ipek piyasas&#305;ndaki dalgalanmalara kar&#351;&#305; bir &#231;e&#351;it sermaye sigortas&#305; i&#351;levi g&#246;r&#252;yordu.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png" width="378" height="155.25" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:598,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:378,&quot;bytes&quot;:1824968,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wpGH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb901783a-4c61-48a4-8545-9482f1818d36_1578x648.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Osmanl&#305;ca hat sanat&#305;yla &#8220;&#304;spen&#231;iyar Espadaro&#8221; yani eczac&#305; yaz&#305;l&#305; hat levha, J. J. Falkeisen,  Basel Arkeoloji M&#252;zesi Koleksiyonu.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Nitekim 1848 &#304;&#351;&#231;i Devrimleri s&#305;ras&#305;nda Avrupa genelinde ya&#351;anan ekonomik sars&#305;nt&#305;lar, onun i&#351; ortaklar&#305;n&#305; da etkiledi. Basel&#8217;de &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305; fabrikalar&#305;n &#231;o&#287;u iflas etmi&#351;, Falkeisen ham ipe&#287;ini satabilece&#287;i pazarlar&#305; kaybetmi&#351;ti. &#199;in&#8217;den gelen ipe&#287;in yaratt&#305;&#287;&#305; fiyat d&#252;&#351;&#252;&#351;leri de cabas&#305;yd&#305;. Bu d&#246;nemde ipek&#231;ilik faaliyetlerine ara verip di&#287;er sekt&#246;rlerdeki giri&#351;imlerine ve konsolosluk g&#246;revine a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;k verdi. Daha sonralar&#305;, 1855&#8217;te, Bursa&#8217;da meydana gelen depremlerde fabrikas&#305;n&#305;n &#252;zerine kayalar d&#252;&#351;t&#252;, bu a&#287;&#305;r tahribat&#305; uzun s&#252;re atlatmad&#305;.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a></p><p>Falkeisen&#8217;in ili&#351;kileri yaln&#305;zca Bursa ile s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; de&#287;ildi. Karadeniz k&#305;y&#305;lar&#305;ndaki liman kasabalar&#305;nda buharl&#305; gemi i&#351;letmeleri bulunan ki&#351;ilerle akrabal&#305;k veya ortakl&#305;k ba&#287;lar&#305; kurmu&#351;tu. Bursa&#8217;daki Bayo&#287;lu Osep A&#287;a ve Ohannes Ta&#351;&#231;&#305;yan gibi ipek sanayicileriyle de geni&#351; bir ticari i&#351; a&#287;&#305; ve ortakl&#305;klar kurmu&#351;tu. Onun &#231;evresini en iyi, Uluda&#287; eteklerinde d&#252;zenledikleri piknikte, yani &#351;ehrin se&#231;kin t&#252;ccar ve sanayicilerini bir araya getiren o sosyal bulu&#351;malarda, g&#246;zlemlemek m&#252;mk&#252;nd&#252;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png" width="660" height="534.8275862068965" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tv21!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7366d7cb-3557-46a1-bca1-3205eb621f4d_1392x1128.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Uluda&#287;&#8217;da zevk-&#252; sefa i&#231;indeki Falkeisenler ve &#231;evreleri. Ulu buzluk ve &#231;oban bar&#305;na&#287;&#305; dikkat &#231;ekiyor. Dalgalanan Rus bayra&#287;&#305;, Falkeisen&#8217;in konsolosluk g&#246;revine refere ediyor. Basel Arkeoloji M&#252;zesi Koleksiyonu</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ancak Falkeisen&#8217;in faaliyetleri, d&#246;nemin baz&#305; Avrupal&#305; seyyahlar&#305; taraf&#305;ndan pek olumlu kar&#351;&#305;lanmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. 1847&#8217;de Bursa&#8217;y&#305; ziyaret eden &#304;ngiliz gezgin Charles Mac Farlane, Falkeisen&#8217;i ba&#351;ar&#305;l&#305; bir giri&#351;imciden &#231;ok, kentin ekonomik hayat&#305;na fazlas&#305;yla h&#226;kim olmu&#351; bir &#8220;f&#305;rsat&#231;&#305; t&#252;ccar&#8221; olarak anlat&#305;r. Mac Farlane&#8217;e g&#246;re Falkeisen, d&#246;nemin Bursa valisi Mustafa Nuri Pa&#351;a&#8217;dan ald&#305;&#287;&#305; &#231;e&#351;itli ayr&#305;cal&#305;klarla kapl&#305;calardan &#351;arap &#252;retimine, ipek ticaretinden nakliyeye kadar bir&#231;ok alanda s&#246;z sahibi olmu&#351;, adeta Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n k&#252;&#231;&#252;k bir &#8220;ekonomi imparatoruna&#8221; d&#246;n&#252;&#351;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Mac Farlane&#8217;in &#231;izdi&#287;i bu portre, Falkeisen&#8217;in yaln&#305;zca giri&#351;imci ruhuyla de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda ki&#351;isel ba&#287;lant&#305;lar&#305; ve kurnazl&#305;&#287;&#305;yla da &#246;ne &#231;&#305;kt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; ima eder. Hatta onu, &#8220;hamamdan &#351;araba kadar Bursa&#8217;da spek&#252;lasyon yaratmad&#305;&#287;&#305; hi&#231;bir &#351;ey b&#305;rakmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;&#8221; diyerek tan&#305;mlar. Bu ifadeler, Falkeisen&#8217;in o d&#246;nemki Bursa&#8217;da  ku&#351;ku uyand&#305;ran bir fig&#252;r oldu&#287;una i&#351;aret eder. Mac Farlane ayr&#305;ca, onun &#8220;Vin d&#8217;Olympe&#8221; yani &#8220;Olympos &#350;arab&#305;&#8221; ad&#305;n&#305; verdi&#287;i markas&#305;ndan da bahseder, buna birazdan gelece&#287;iz.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png" width="676" height="475.42857142857144" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cW0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd4d4645d-d856-459d-b4a4-89cb1c9e43b4_1598x1124.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Johann Jakob Falkeisen&#8217;in f&#305;r&#231;as&#305;ndan karde&#351;i Emanuel Falkeisen&#8217;in i&#351;letti&#287;i &#199;ekirge&#8217;deki Eski Kapl&#305;ca, 1840&#8217;lar, <em>M&#252;zayede Ar&#351;ivi</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Aile &#252;zerine ara&#351;t&#305;rma yapan Cumali Bozp&#305;nar, Falkeisen&#8217;in bu geni&#351; ticari networklerini <strong>Yahudi kimli&#287;i sayesinde kazand&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;</strong> iddia eder. Ancak bu iddian&#305;n temellendirilmesi olduk&#231;a zay&#305;ft&#305;r. Tek veri, Ludwig August Frankl&#8217;&#305;n <em>The Jews in the East</em> adl&#305; eserinde ge&#231;en k&#305;sa bir anlat&#305;d&#305;r. Frankl, 1856&#8217;da Viyana&#8217;dan Kud&#252;s&#8217;e yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; seyahat s&#305;ras&#305;nda, 1855 Bursa depremi sonras&#305;nda Viyana&#8217;da toplanan yard&#305;mlar&#305;n Bursa&#8217;daki Yahudilere ula&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305; s&#252;recinde Falkeisen&#8217;in rol ald&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; belirtir. Ancak Frankl&#8217;&#305;n anlat&#305;s&#305;ndan Falkeisen&#8217;in Yahudi oldu&#287;u sonucunu &#231;&#305;karmak do&#287;rudan m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;ildir.</p><p>Frankl&#8217;&#305;n kendisinin Viyana Yahudi cemaatinde uzun y&#305;llar sekreter ve ar&#351;ivci olarak g&#246;rev yapmas&#305;, Bozp&#305;nar&#8217;&#305;n Falkeisen&#8217;in de ayn&#305; cemaatten olabilece&#287;i y&#246;n&#252;ndeki varsay&#305;m&#305;n&#305; g&#252;&#231;lendirmek i&#231;in kullan&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Ne var ki bu ili&#351;ki, yaln&#305;zca yard&#305;m organizasyonu kapsam&#305;nda geli&#351;en bir diplomatik veya ticari temas olarak da okunabilir. Falkeisen&#8217;in o d&#246;nemde Avusturya konsolosu olarak g&#246;rev yapmas&#305;, Frankl&#8217;&#305;n ona ba&#351;vurmas&#305;n&#305; zaten do&#287;al k&#305;lmaktad&#305;r. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla Falkeisen&#8217;in Yahudi oldu&#287;u y&#246;n&#252;ndeki &#231;&#305;kar&#305;m, eldeki verilerle kan&#305;tlanabilir bir kimlik tespitinden &#231;ok, varsay&#305;msal bir yorum niteli&#287;indedir.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-4" href="#footnote-4" target="_self">4</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png" width="348" height="433.06666666666666" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20yV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F428b1d9d-0873-45a3-9fb0-0f8eee17ad64_900x1120.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Falkeisen&#8217;in &#351;irketine ait 1 Haziran 1836 tarihli belge, Yay&#305;mlayan: Yi&#287;it Topkaya</figcaption></figure></div><p>Bu nedenle, Falkeisen&#8217;in ticari ba&#287;lant&#305;lar&#305;n&#305; Yahudi kimli&#287;i &#252;zerinden a&#231;&#305;klamak yerine, onun Avrupa&#8217;daki sanayi ve ticaret a&#287;lar&#305;yla kurdu&#287;u ili&#351;kiler ve &#304;svi&#231;re k&#246;kenli t&#252;ccar-diplomat gelene&#287;i ba&#287;lam&#305;nda de&#287;erlendirmek daha sa&#287;lam bir zemin sunmaktad&#305;r. Nitekim, <em>Geneanet.com</em> sitesinde ailenin soy a&#287;ac&#305;n&#305;n yer almas&#305;, b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de yerel vaftiz kay&#305;tlar&#305;n&#305;n varl&#305;&#287;&#305; sayesinde m&#252;mk&#252;nd&#252;r. Ayr&#305;ca, Bursa&#8217;daki <em>Latin Katolik Mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305;</em>&#8217;nda aileye ait birka&#231; mezar&#305;n bulunmas&#305;, Falkeisenlerin muhtemelen Avusturya k&#246;kenli, &#304;svi&#231;re&#8217;de yerle&#351;ik Latin Katolik bir aile oldu&#287;unu g&#246;stermektedir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg" width="426" height="239.696" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:422,&quot;width&quot;:750,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:426,&quot;bytes&quot;:114624,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UNPH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b53e000-3f6c-4d7d-bfc2-a00e3dae753b_750x422.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Marie Falkeisen&#8217;nin Bursa Piremir&#8217;deki <em>Latin-Katolik Mezarl&#305;&#287;&#305; </em>kal&#305;nt&#305;s&#305;ndaki ta&#351;&#305;.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Aile yaln&#305;zca sanayi ve ticaretle de&#287;il, sanatla da an&#305;l&#305;r. Bu yaz&#305; boyunca bize resimleriyle e&#351;lik eden Emanuel&#8217;in karde&#351;i Johann Jakob Falkeisen, hem onun i&#351; d&#252;nyas&#305;n&#305; hem de Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n o zamanki do&#287;al g&#252;zelli&#287;ini resmetmi&#351;tir. Avrupa&#8217;da tan&#305;nm&#305;&#351; bir grav&#252;r ressam&#305; olan Johann Jakob, 1804&#8217;te Basel&#8217;de do&#287;mu&#351;, Paris&#8217;te e&#287;itim ald&#305;ktan sonra Milano&#8217;da sanat &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar&#305;na devam etmi&#351;tir. 1843 y&#305;l&#305;nda Atina, Bursa ve &#304;stanbul&#8217;u kapsayan bir sanat gezisine &#231;&#305;kar. Bursa&#8217;ya geldi&#287;inde, karde&#351;inin o d&#246;nem Rus konsoloslu&#287;u olarak da kullan&#305;lan evi ile Bursa kapl&#305;calar&#305; aras&#305;ndaki b&#246;lgeyi konu alan, &#231;o&#287;u kara kalem &#252;zerine sulu boyayla renklendirmeli grav&#252;rler &#252;retir.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-5" href="#footnote-5" target="_self">5</a> Bu eserlerin bir k&#305;sm&#305; bug&#252;n Basel Arkeoloji M&#252;zesi&#8217;nde, bir k&#305;sm&#305; ise &#246;zel koleksiyonlarda bulunmaktad&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png" width="338" height="420.7755102040816" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1098,&quot;width&quot;:882,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:338,&quot;bytes&quot;:1281091,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o1j1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26f8811e-f074-452c-8beb-d50f56edb334_882x1098.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Albert H&#246;flinger taraf&#305;ndan &#231;izilmi&#351; Johann Jakob Falkeisen portresi, 1882, Basel Arkeoloji M&#252;zesi Koleksiyonu.</figcaption></figure></div><h3><strong>Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n &#304;lk Markal&#305; &#350;arab&#305;:</strong><em><strong> Vin d&#8217;Olympe</strong></em></h3><p>On dokuzuncu y&#252;zy&#305;l ortalar&#305;nda Bursa ve &#231;evresindeki bir&#231;ok gayrim&#252;slim k&#246;yde &#351;arap &#252;retiliyordu. </p><p>Ancak yaz&#305;n&#305;n ba&#351;&#305;nda da vurgulad&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z gibi, bu &#252;retim b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de yerel t&#252;ketimle s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305;yd&#305;. Hatta kimi zaman Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n kendi ihtiyac&#305;n&#305; kar&#351;&#305;lamak i&#231;in ba&#351;ka &#351;ehirlerden &#351;arap ithal edilirdi. Rak&#305; &#252;retimi de benzer bi&#231;imde, ithal edilen etil alkol&#252;n yerelde anasonla kar&#305;&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305; esas&#305;na dayan&#305;yordu. 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l ba&#351;lar&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde, rak&#305; imalat&#305; b&#252;t&#252;n&#252;yle ithalata ba&#287;&#305;ml&#305; hale gelmi&#351;; kimi d&#246;nemlerde Rusya&#8217;dan, kimi zaman da Avusturya&#8217;dan getirilen alkolle s&#252;rd&#252;r&#252;lm&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><p>Bu tabloyu de&#287;i&#351;tirme fikri, yani yerelde kaliteli &#351;arap &#252;retip bir marka yaratma cesareti, ne bir Ermeni, ne bir Rum, ne de bir T&#252;rk giri&#351;imciden gelmi&#351;ti. Bu ad&#305;m&#305; atan, yine Falkeisenler olmu&#351;tu.</p><p>Emanuel Falkeisen&#8217;in &#351;arap i&#351;ine 1830&#8217;lar&#305;n sonlar&#305;nd<strong>a</strong> girdi&#287;i tahmin edilir. Sanat tarih&#231;isi Martina Baleva, seyyah MacFarlane &#8217;nin &#231;a&#287;da&#351; g&#246;zlemlerine dayanarak Falkeisen&#8217;in ipek i&#351;inin 1848 Devrimleri sonras&#305;nda batmas&#305;n&#305;n ard&#305;ndan &#351;arap&#231;&#305;l&#305;&#287;a y&#246;neldi&#287;ini &#246;ne s&#252;rse de, bu do&#287;ru g&#246;r&#252;nm&#252;yor. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; Falkeisen&#8217;in &#351;arap faaliyetlerine &#231;ok daha &#246;nce ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; d&#246;nemin seyahat kay&#305;tlar&#305; a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a g&#246;steriyor. &#214;rne&#287;in 1849&#8217;da Bursa&#8217;ya gelen seyyah Charles James Monk, Falkeisen&#8217;in a&#351;a&#287;&#305; y&#305;kar&#305; 8-9 y&#305;ldan beridir bu i&#351;i yapmaya devam etti&#287;inden bahseder:</p><blockquote><p><em>&#8230;Sur boyunca yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;z bir y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;&#351; bizi, son sekiz ya da dokuz y&#305;ld&#305;r Bursa&#8217;ya yerle&#351;mi&#351; olan <strong>Falkeisen</strong> (metinde &#8220;Falkazin&#8221; olarak ge&#231;iyor) ad&#305;nda &#304;svi&#231;reli bir &#351;arap t&#252;ccar&#305;n&#305;n mahzenlerine getirdi. Bu s&#252;re zarf&#305;nda &#231;evredeki ba&#287;c&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; geli&#351;tirmi&#351;, ziyaretimiz s&#305;ras&#305;nda ise Olympos Da&#287;&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n (Uluda&#287;&#8217;&#305;n) kayal&#305;k yama&#231;lar&#305;na oyulmu&#351; uzun kemerli mahzenlerin sahibi konumundayd&#305;. Bu mahzenlerde, Ren Nehri k&#305;y&#305;lar&#305;n&#305;n me&#351;hur hafif &#351;araplar&#305;yla rahatl&#305;kla boy &#246;l&#231;&#252;&#351;ebilecek kalitede epey miktarda &#351;arap bulunuyordu.</em></p><p>Charles James Monk, <em>The Golden Horn: And Sketches in Asia Minor, Egypt, Syria, and the Hauraan</em>, (London, R. Bentley, 1851): 51-52.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-6" href="#footnote-6" target="_self">6</a></p></blockquote><p>Monk&#8217;un bu g&#246;zlemi, Falkeisen&#8217;in 1840&#8217;lar&#305;n ortalar&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde <strong>Ba&#287;c&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; Bursa&#8217;da yeniden canland&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;</strong> ve &#8220;Ren k&#305;y&#305;lar&#305;n&#305;n hafif &#351;araplar&#305;yla boy &#246;l&#231;&#252;&#351;ebilecek kalitede&#8221; &#252;r&#252;nler elde etti&#287;ini do&#287;ruluyor. &#220;stelik, yaln&#305;zca &#252;retim de&#287;il, <strong>mahzen mimarisi</strong> a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan da Bursa&#8217;da bir yenili&#287;e &#246;nc&#252;l&#252;k etmi&#351;ti: &#8220;Uluda&#287;&#8217;&#305;n kayal&#305;k yama&#231;lar&#305;na oyulmu&#351;, kemerli ta&#351; mahzenler&#8221; ifadesi, kapsaml&#305; bir organizasyonu ima ediyor.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg" width="498" height="280.125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:498,&quot;bytes&quot;:546628,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fb4m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fded7b247-8bd1-41aa-a639-79c14e179d7f_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Eski Saray civar&#305; Tophane yama&#231;lar&#305;na Kayaba&#351;&#305;/ Muradiye&#8217;den bak&#305;&#351;,<em> foto&#287;raflayan: Serhat Altay</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Peki bu mahzen tam olarak neredeydi? Monk&#8217;un anlat&#305;m&#305;ndan bunu kesin olarak &#231;&#305;karmak zor. Ancak birka&#231; tahmin y&#252;r&#252;tebiliriz. &#8220;Sur boyunca&#8221; y&#252;r&#252;d&#252;klerini s&#246;ylemesi, Tophane yama&#231;lar&#305;n&#305;, yani bug&#252;nk&#252; Tophane/Ha&#351;im &#304;&#351;can Park&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n yama&#231;lar&#305;n&#305;n alt&#305;ndaki da yer ald&#305;&#287;&#305; b&#246;lgeyi, i&#351;aret ediyor olmal&#305;. Buras&#305;, 1875&#8217;te Rum Okulu&#8217;nun in&#351;a edildi&#287;i alan&#305;n hemen yan&#305;na denk gelir. Muhtemelen Falkeisen&#8217;in ipek fabrikas&#305;na olduk&#231;a yak&#305;n bir noktadayd&#305;. Yine de Emanuel Falkeisen&#8217;in Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n farkl&#305; b&#246;lgelerinde birden fazla mahzene sahip oldu&#287;unu da unutmamak gerekir. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png" width="614" height="433.0892857142857" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lR4C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cece43d-70f5-4e78-98f1-334a0c1c93c6_1556x1098.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bu belirsizli&#287;i ayd&#305;nlatan ipu&#231;lar&#305;ndan biri, Johann Jakob Falkeisen&#8217;in bir grav&#252;r&#252;nde kar&#351;&#305;m&#305;za &#231;&#305;k&#305;yor. Do&#287;rudan g&#246;zleme dayal&#305;, ger&#231;ek&#231;i &#252;slubuyla tan&#305;nan ressam&#305;n &#231;iziminde, mahzenin Tophane yama&#231;lar&#305;ndaki bir d&#252;zl&#252;kte, s&#305;rt&#305;n&#305; kayal&#305;klara vermi&#351; gibi durdu&#287;u g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;yor. Bu da Falkeisen&#8217;in &#351;arap mahzeninin, hem Uluda&#287; etekleriyle hem de sur hatt&#305;yla g&#246;rsel bir ba&#287;lant&#305; kuran, stratejik ve estetik bir noktada yer ald&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;r&#252;yor.</p><h3><strong>Kadehte Hayal K&#305;r&#305;kl&#305;&#287;&#305;:</strong> Charles MacFarlane, Bursa &#350;araplar&#305; ve <em>Vin d&#8217;Olympe </em>Notlar&#305;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png" width="588" height="415.9264214046823" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v3LA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F599a1f89-c839-4790-b061-c5567f7db162_1196x846.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Johann Jakob Falkeisen, Falkeisen karde&#351;lerin Hans Conrad ve Felix Robert von Muralt-Locher ile birlikte &#199;ekirge&#8217;deki kamp&#305;, 1848, Basel Arkeoloji M&#252;zesi Koleksiyonu</figcaption></figure></div><p>Bursa&#8217;da ba&#287;c&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;n o d&#246;nemde Avrupal&#305; g&#246;zlemciler i&#231;in olduk&#231;a ilkel y&#246;ntemlerle yap&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;ndan s&#246;z etmi&#351;tik. Ancak Falkeisen&#8217;i bu yaz&#305; boyunca Bursa&#8217;da &#351;arap&#231;&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; modernle&#351;tiren &#246;nc&#252; bir t&#252;ccar olarak ele al&#305;rken, 1847&#8217;de kente gelen &#304;ngiliz seyyah Charles MacFarlane bamba&#351;ka bir tablo &#231;izer. Ona g&#246;re &#8220;Vin d&#8217;Olympe&#8221; tam bir hayal k&#305;r&#305;kl&#305;&#287;&#305;d&#305;r. MacFarlane, Falkeisen&#8217;in &#8220;y&#252;ksek perdeden isimler ve &#351;&#305;k &#351;i&#351;elerle&#8221; asl&#305;nda zay&#305;f bir &#252;r&#252;n&#252; parlatmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;t&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, yani adeta bir <em>etiket oyunu</em> oynad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; ima eder.</p><p>Bu yarg&#305; yaln&#305;zca damak tad&#305;na de&#287;il, d&#246;nemin ticari rekabetine de dayan&#305;yor gibidir. &#199;&#252;nk&#252; MacFarlane ve onun par&#231;as&#305; oldu&#287;u Anglo-Sakson ticaret &#231;evreleri&#8212;Zohrab ailesi, &#304;ngiliz konsolosu Sandison ve birka&#231; &#304;ngiliz t&#252;ccar&#8212;Bursa&#8217;daki ekonomik a&#287;lar&#305;n&#305; koruma pe&#351;indeydi. Falkeisen ise bu a&#287;lar&#305;n d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda, kendi sermayesi ve ba&#287;lant&#305;lar&#305;yla hareket eden bir &#304;svi&#231;reliydi. Dolay&#305;s&#305;yla &#8220;Vin d&#8217;Olympe&#8221; markas&#305;na y&#246;neltilen ele&#351;tiriler, bir anlamda ticaretin vitrininde ya&#351;anan bir prestij sava&#351;&#305;n&#305;n da yans&#305;mas&#305;yd&#305;.</p><p>MacFarlane&#8217;in sat&#305;r aralar&#305;nda sezilen as&#305;l rahats&#305;zl&#305;k, Falkeisen&#8217;in &#8220;yerel &#252;retimi Avrupai bir kimlikle pazarlama&#8221; giri&#351;imiydi. &#350;arab&#305;n kalitesinden &#231;ok markas&#305;yla fark yaratmaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;an bu strateji, Osmanl&#305;&#8217;daki erken d&#246;nem marka bilincinin de ilgin&#231; &#246;rneklerinden birini olu&#351;turmu&#351;tu. O halde buyrun, MacFarlane&#8217;in g&#246;zlemlerine kulak verelim:</p><blockquote><p><em>&#8230;Asmalar budanm&#305;&#351; olsa da, yeterince kesilmemi&#351;tir; ayr&#305;ca &#231;ok ya&#351;lanmalar&#305;na ve birbirlerine fazlas&#305;yla yak&#305;n b&#252;y&#252;melerine izin verilmektedir. Fidan dikimi ve yenilenmesi konusunda da &#231;ok az &#246;zen g&#246;sterilmektedir. Halk, miktar&#305;n pe&#351;indedir ama bunu elde etmenin do&#287;ru yollar&#305;n&#305; bilmemektedir. Kaliteye ise neredeyse hi&#231; &#246;nem verilmez. Napoli&#8217;de elliden fazla &#252;z&#252;m &#231;e&#351;idi say&#305;l&#305;rken, burada be&#351; &#231;e&#351;itten fazlas&#305;n&#305; g&#246;rmek m&#252;mk&#252;n de&#287;ildir; hatta yayg&#305;n olarak yaln&#305;zca &#252;&#231; &#231;e&#351;it t&#252;ketilmektedir, ger&#231;i bize yakla&#351;&#305;k on iki &#231;e&#351;it bulundu&#287;u s&#246;ylendi.</em></p><p><em>Devletin fiyatlar &#252;zerindeki sa&#231;ma d&#252;zenlemeleri ve m&#252;dahaleleri, iyile&#351;tirme y&#246;n&#252;ndeki her t&#252;rl&#252; giri&#351;imi engellemektedir. Olympos yama&#231;lar&#305;nda ve ovan&#305;n kar&#351;&#305; taraf&#305;ndaki Katerlee Da&#287;lar&#305;&#8217;nda yap&#305;lan &#351;araplar da &#246;zensiz bir bi&#231;imde &#252;retilmektedir. Bursa &#351;arab&#305; beyaz, ek&#351;i ve ba&#351; d&#246;nd&#252;r&#252;c&#252;d&#252;r. Asl&#305;nda &#231;ok iyi yap&#305;labilir, hatta kimi zaman &#246;zel bir ki&#351;i kendi ailesi i&#231;in &#252;retim yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;nda m&#252;kemmel &#351;araplar ortaya &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Sevgili dostum Konstantin Zobrab her y&#305;l k&#252;&#231;&#252;k miktarda &#351;arap &#252;retirdi; &#351;arab&#305; ola&#287;an&#252;st&#252; olurdu ve y&#305;lland&#305;k&#231;a daha da g&#252;zelle&#351;irdi. Fakat onun &#246;l&#252;m&#252;nden benim T&#252;rkiye&#8217;ye d&#246;n&#252;&#351;&#252;me kadar ge&#231;en s&#252;rede, son &#351;i&#351;esi bile i&#231;ilmi&#351;ti</em>.</p><p><em>B&#252;y&#252;k ipek fabrikas&#305;na sahip olan Falkeisen firmas&#305;, valinin a&#231;&#305;k onay&#305;yla bir&#231;ok &#351;eyi tekelinde toplayarak her t&#252;rl&#252; i&#351;te spek&#252;lasyon yapard&#305;; &#351;arapta da ayn&#305; &#351;ekilde spek&#252;lasyona giri&#351;mi&#351;lerdi. G&#246;r&#252;n&#252;&#351;e bak&#305;l&#305;rsa, her &#351;eyi y&#252;ksek perdeden bir isimle ve &#351;i&#351;elerinin &#351;ekliyle pazarlamaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;&#305;yorlard&#305;. &#350;araplar&#305;na &#8220;Vin d&#8217;Olympe&#8221; (Olympos &#350;arab&#305;) ad&#305;n&#305; vermi&#351;ler ve uzun boyunlu Ren &#351;i&#351;elerine doldurmu&#351;lard&#305;. Demirta&#351;&#8217;ta yap&#305;lan &#351;araplar da genellikle tatl&#305; ve de&#287;ersizdi; fakat baz&#305;lar&#305; Burgonya &#351;araplar&#305; kadar iyiydi. Demirta&#351;&#8217;&#305;n arkas&#305;ndaki yama&#231;larda, Filedar&#8217;&#305;n eteklerindeki yoku&#351;larda ve daha yirmi kadar yerde, g&#252;ne&#351;li ba&#287;lar ve son derece elveri&#351;li topraklar bulunmaktayd&#305;; bunlar, &#252;nl&#252; C&#244;te d&#8217;Or ya da C&#244;te R&#244;tie b&#246;lgelerindeki &#351;araplara denk kalitede &#252;r&#252;nler verebilecek nitelikteydi. Falkeisen&#8217;in bize i&#231;irdi&#287;i &#351;arapsa, burada kullan&#305;lan beyaz &#351;araplar&#305;n en k&#246;t&#252;s&#252;yd&#252;. Sinir ve mideye zarar veren, k&#246;t&#252; imal edilmi&#351; berbat bir s&#305;v&#305;yd&#305;.</em></p></blockquote><h3><strong>Bursa&#8217;da Bir &#304;ntihar</strong>: Falkeisen&#8217;in M&#252;d&#252;r&#252;&#8217;n&#252;n Melankolisi</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png" width="314" height="396.83435582822085" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:824,&quot;width&quot;:652,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:314,&quot;bytes&quot;:984483,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xvke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf94666e-d54f-435b-a814-fc0e26c7374b_652x824.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Uluda&#287;&#8217;daki &#351;enlikte Bay Puhl, J. J. Falkeisen f&#305;r&#231;as&#305;ndan</figcaption></figure></div><p>&#304;nsan&#305;n do&#287;du&#287;u topraklardan uzakta ya&#351;amas&#305;, herkesin kald&#305;rabilece&#287;i bir de&#287;i&#351;im de&#287;ildir, hele ki mesafelerin g&#252;nler, hatta aylar s&#252;rd&#252;&#287;&#252; bir &#231;a&#287;da&#8230; Bursa&#8217;daki Avrupa kolonisi, &#231;o&#287;u zaman ticari h&#305;rslar&#305;n, yaln&#305;zl&#305;&#287;&#305;n ve uyumsuzlu&#287;un i&#231; i&#231;e ge&#231;ti&#287;i bir d&#252;nyayd&#305;. MacFarlane, Vin d&#8217;Olympe&#8217;nin m&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; yapan bir Avrupal&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n da bu bask&#305;ya daha fazla dayanamad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; yazar:</p><blockquote><p><em>Bir zamanlar &#351;arap b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;, Fransa ve Almanya&#8217;da iyi bir deneyime sahip oldu&#287;u s&#246;ylenen bir &#304;svi&#231;reli taraf&#305;ndan y&#246;netilmekteydi; ancak bu zavall&#305; &#304;svi&#231;reli Bursa&#8217;da melankoliye kap&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, bir ak&#351;am &#246;nce bo&#287;az&#305;n&#305; kesmi&#351;, sonra da kendini Olympos Da&#287;&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n bir yamac&#305;ndan a&#351;a&#287;&#305; atm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. </em></p></blockquote><p>Bu trajik olay, d&#246;nemin Bursa&#8217;s&#305;ndaki Avrupal&#305; koloniler aras&#305;nda b&#252;y&#252;k yank&#305; uyand&#305;rm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Olay&#305; do&#287;rulayan ba&#351;ka kaynaklar da vard&#305;r. Bursa &#304;ngiliz Konsolosu Donald Sandison, 8 Ekim 1845 tarihli raporunda bu intihardan &#351;&#246;yle s&#246;z eder:</p><blockquote><p><em>Bay Puhl ad&#305;nda, Avusturya tebaas&#305;ndan oldu&#287;u s&#246;ylenen bir kimse, Bay Falkeisen&#8217;in kurdu&#287;u b&#252;y&#252;k &#350;arap &#304;malathanesi&#8217;nin ortaklar&#305;ndan biri olarak g&#246;rev yap&#305;yormu&#351;; birka&#231; g&#252;n &#246;nce intihar etti. Bu olay &#231;e&#351;itli s&#246;ylentilere yol a&#231;t&#305; ve nedenine dair farkl&#305; yorumlar ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;.</em><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-7" href="#footnote-7" target="_self">7</a></p></blockquote><p>&#214;te yandan Puhl&#8217;un intihar&#305; s&#305;ras&#305;nda &#351;araphaneyi de yakt&#305;&#287;&#305; bildirilir.</p><h3>Bursa&#8217;daki &#350;arap ve Rak&#305; &#220;retiminin G&#246;rsel Haf&#305;zas&#305;</h3><p>J. J. Falkeisen&#8217;in &#231;izimleri yaln&#305;zca manzara ya da mimari tasvirlerden ibaret de&#287;ildir; karde&#351;inin &#252;retim s&#252;recini de adeta belgesel bir titizlikle kayda ge&#231;irmi&#351;tir. Grav&#252;rlerinde, &#351;arap mahzenlerinin yan&#305; s&#305;ra rak&#305; &#252;retiminin de yap&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;na i&#351;aret eden ayr&#305;nt&#305;lar g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;r. Dam&#305;tma i&#351;lemi i&#231;in kullan&#305;lan alevli ocaklar, k&#246;r&#252;kler, f&#305;&#231;&#305;lar ve  imbikler, at&#246;lyedeki yo&#287;un &#252;retim atmosferini ele verir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png" width="580" height="436.986301369863" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:880,&quot;width&quot;:1168,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:580,&quot;bytes&quot;:1874816,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k5_v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f187637-c368-4163-9c12-2048ba60e7e0_1168x880.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bir ba&#351;ka sahnede, &#252;z&#252;mleri ayaklar&#305;yla ezen i&#351;&#231;ileri g&#246;r&#252;r&#252;z. Yukar&#305;dan sarkan iplerden tutunarak ezme i&#351;lemini yapan bu fig&#252;rler, d&#246;nemin &#351;arap &#252;retim prati&#287;ini neredeyse sahne sahne g&#246;zler &#246;n&#252;ne serer. Falkeisen&#8217;in bu betimlemeleri, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l ortas&#305; Bursa&#8217;s&#305;nda end&#252;stri ile el eme&#287;inin nas&#305;l i&#231; i&#231;e ge&#231;ti&#287;ini g&#246;sterir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png" width="612" height="461.09589041095893" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:880,&quot;width&quot;:1168,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:612,&quot;bytes&quot;:1917607,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X5XO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F659ea6f2-fc98-4479-a91e-90648b667747_1168x880.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ancak J. J. Falkeisen, d&#246;neminin oryantalist estetiklerinden t&#252;m&#252;yle uzak kalamam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Grav&#252;rlerinin bir k&#246;&#351;esinde nargilesini t&#252;tt&#252;ren Osmanl&#305; erkekleri, yerel halk&#305;n &#8220;egzotik&#8221; bir dekor unsuru gibi sunulmas&#305;na hizmet eder. Bu sahnelerde hem g&#246;zlemci bir ger&#231;ek&#231;ilik hem de Avrupa seyircisinin bekledi&#287;i &#8220;Do&#287;u imgesi&#8221; yan yana durur.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png" width="604" height="455.06849315068496" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xl5u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb182cb-26c7-4987-8d5f-ce7a96c4c538_1168x880.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Falkeisen ailesinin bu &#351;arap hik&#226;yesi, yaln&#305;zca Bursa&#8217;da de&#287;il, Avrupa&#8217;da da kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k buldu. <strong>1855 Paris Uluslararas&#305; Sergisi</strong>&#8217;nde Emanuel Falkeisen, Osmanl&#305; pavyonunda <em><strong>Vin d&#8217;Olympe </strong></em><strong> </strong>markas&#305;yla &#351;araplar&#305;n&#305; tan&#305;tt&#305; ve <strong>madalya ile &#246;d&#252;llendirildi</strong>.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-8" href="#footnote-8" target="_self">8</a> Bu ba&#351;ar&#305;, hem Osmanl&#305; &#252;reticileri aras&#305;nda &#8220;marka&#8221; fikrinin ilk &#246;rneklerinden biri olmas&#305; bak&#305;m&#305;ndan hem de Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n i&#231;ki sanayi tarihine yeni bir sayfa eklemesi a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan dikkate de&#287;erdir.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png" width="386" height="200.20149253731344" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:556,&quot;width&quot;:1072,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:386,&quot;bytes&quot;:915179,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/178367247?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vhhu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa09564c3-a9f7-4585-b63f-57c4594ce3d9_1072x556.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Osmanl&#305;ca Hat sanat&#305;yla &#8220;Burusa Falkayz&#305;n &#350;arap Ma&#287;azas&#305;&#8221; yaz&#305;l&#305; etiket. Al&#305;nd&#305;&#287;&#305; Kaynak:Martina Baleva, as&#305;l Kaynak: Kunstmuseum Basel env. No: Z.835.1 Foto&#287;raf: Jonas Haenggi.</figcaption></figure></div><h3><em>Ke&#351;i&#351; Da&#287;&#305; &#350;araplar&#305;&#8217;</em>n&#305;n Yank&#305;lar&#305;&#8230;</h3><p>&#304;lerleyen y&#305;llarda Falkeisen&#8217;in faaliyetlerinin ne &#246;l&#231;&#252;de devam etti&#287;i konusunda elimizde s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; bilgi var. Ancak 1869&#8217;daki &#246;l&#252;m&#252;ne kadar i&#351;lerinin b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de sona erdi&#287;ini d&#252;&#351;&#252;nebiliriz. 1880&#8217;lerde ise, ayn&#305; soyad&#305;n&#305; ta&#351;&#305;yan Robert Falkeisen&#8217;in Avusturya&#8217;n&#305;n Bursa fahri konsolosu olarak g&#246;rev yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;r&#252;yoruz. Bu, o&#287;lu Oskar&#8217;&#305;n ikinci ad&#305; Robert olabilece&#287;i gibi, ailenin ba&#351;ka bir &#252;yesinin Bursa&#8217;ya gelip i&#351;leri devralm&#305;&#351; olabilece&#287;ini de d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;r&#252;yor.</p><p>Falkeisen&#8217;in &#351;arap&#231;&#305;l&#305;k miras&#305;, kendi ad&#305; unutulsa da, izlerini uzun s&#252;re s&#252;rd&#252;rd&#252;. 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n sonlar&#305;na gelindi&#287;inde, Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas&#305; (BTSO) Meclisi&#8217;nde &#351;arap &#252;retimi, ta&#351;&#305;mac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; ve ihracat&#305; &#252;zerine tart&#305;&#351;malar y&#252;r&#252;t&#252;l&#252;yordu. 1894 tarihli bir meclis oturumunda ise, Avusturya&#8217;ya g&#246;nderilen Osmanl&#305; mallar&#305; aras&#305;nda en &#231;ok ilgi g&#246;ren &#252;r&#252;n&#252;n &#351;arap oldu&#287;u kaydedilmi&#351;ti.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-9" href="#footnote-9" target="_self">9</a> Bu bilgiler, Falkeisen&#8217;in y&#305;llar &#246;nce Avusturya ve Rusya gibi pazarlara ula&#351;t&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305; <em>Vin d&#8217;Olympe </em>&#351;araplar&#305;n&#305;n haf&#305;zalarda iz b&#305;rakt&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; d&#252;&#351;&#252;nd&#252;r&#252;yor. G&#246;r&#252;nen o ki, Ke&#351;i&#351; Da&#287;&#305; eteklerinde &#252;retilen o &#351;araplar&#305;n tad&#305;, Falkeisen ad&#305; unutulduktan sonra bile damaklarda ya&#351;amaya devam etmi&#351;ti.</p><h3>Bursa&#8217;da Ba&#287;c&#305;l&#305;k ve &#350;arap&#231;&#305;l&#305;k Neden Bitti ?</h3><p>Ancak k&#305;sa s&#252;re sonra Bursa ba&#287;lar&#305;n&#305; yok edecek bir felaket ba&#351; g&#246;sterdi: <em>filoksera </em>(Phylloxera vastatrix). 19. y&#252;zy&#305;lda Avrupa&#8217;y&#305; ve ard&#305;ndan Osmanl&#305; ba&#287;lar&#305;n&#305; istila eden bu mikroskobik asma zararl&#305;s&#305;, &#246;zellikle Fransa&#8217;da ba&#287;c&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; &#231;&#246;kertmi&#351;ti. Avrupa&#8217;daki &#252;z&#252;m ve &#351;arap a&#231;&#305;&#287;&#305;, g&#246;zleri Ege&#8217;ye &#231;evirmi&#351;, &#304;zmir ve Ayd&#305;n ba&#287;lar&#305; 1850&#8217;lerden itibaren b&#252;y&#252;m&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Amerikan &#304;&#231; Sava&#351;&#305; nedeniyle pamuk k&#305;tl&#305;&#287;&#305; ya&#351;an&#305;nca &#252;reticiler ba&#287;c&#305;l&#305;&#287;a y&#246;nelmi&#351;, sultaniye &#252;z&#252;m&#252; Osmanl&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n ihracat y&#305;ld&#305;z&#305;na d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;lm&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Ancak bu tatl&#305; r&#252;ya, filoksera ile k&#226;busa d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;. &#304;stanbul&#8217;da 1885&#8217;te tespit edilen salg&#305;n, &#246;nce Erenk&#246;y ve Kad&#305;k&#246;y&#8217;deki ba&#287;lar&#305; vurdu, ard&#305;ndan 20. y&#252;zy&#305;l ba&#351;lar&#305;nda &#304;zmir ve Kocaeli &#252;zerinden Bursa ba&#287;lar&#305;na ula&#351;t&#305;. &#350;ehir &#231;evresindeki ba&#287;lar h&#305;zla yok olurken, yerel &#351;arap &#252;retimi neredeyse tamamen durdu. B&#246;ylece Bursa, 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l ortalar&#305;ndaki canl&#305; &#351;arap k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252; b&#252;y&#252;k &#246;l&#231;&#252;de kaybetti ve &#351;arap t&#252;ketimi ithalata ba&#287;&#305;ml&#305; h&#226;le geldi.  Osmanl&#305; Devleti, Avrupa&#8217;daki &#246;rnekleri takip ederek yasalar &#231;&#305;karm&#305;&#351;; ithalat k&#305;s&#305;tlamalar&#305;, zararl&#305; tespitinde ihbar zorunlulu&#287;u ve tazminat d&#252;zenlemeleriyle salg&#305;na kar&#351;&#305; &#246;nlem almaya &#231;al&#305;&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-10" href="#footnote-10" target="_self">10</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg" width="318" height="282.9222423146474" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MBdI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d6f38c0-0cc5-4f80-ac68-e84eeca99928_1106x984.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">filoksera (Phylloxera vastatrix)&#8217;n&#305;n evrelerini g&#246;sterir Osmanl&#305;ca metinli tasvirler</figcaption></figure></div><p>1922 sonras&#305; Gayrim&#252;slim n&#252;fusun kentten ayr&#305;lmas&#305; da &#351;arap k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252;n unutulmas&#305; s&#252;recini h&#305;zland&#305;rd&#305;. &#214;zellikle Rumlar&#305;n ya&#351;ad&#305;&#287;&#305; Filedar (G&#252;ndo&#287;du) ve Demirta&#351; gibi &#351;arap &#252;retim merkezleri &#231;&#246;kt&#252;. Misi ise, M&#252;sl&#252;manlar&#305;n da &#351;arap &#252;retti&#287;i bir merkez olarak uzun s&#252;re ayakta kalmay&#305; ba&#351;ard&#305;; ama o da son direnen &#351;arap&#231;&#305;l&#305;k merkezi olarak tarihe ge&#231;ti. Bug&#252;n Bursa&#8217;da neredeyse hi&#231;bir &#351;arap &#252;retimi yok. Bu gidi&#351;le, b&#305;rak&#305;n ba&#287;c&#305;l&#305;k yapacak bir &#231;ift&#231;iyi, meyve yeti&#351;tirecek alanlar bile zor g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;yor. Falkeisen&#8217;in 19. y&#252;zy&#305;ldaki giri&#351;imci ruhu ve &#351;arap&#231;&#305;l&#305;k denemeleri, Bursa tarihinin k&#305;sa ama parlak bir d&#246;neminin hat&#305;ras&#305; olarak h&#226;l&#226; haf&#305;zalarda yer ediyor.</p><h4>-Agah E. Yasa</h4><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Cumali Bozp&#305;nar,  &#8220;A Typological Study in the Light of British and Ottoman Archival Documents: Emanuel Falkeisen.&#8221; <em>Middle Eastern Studies</em>. 2025.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p> Yi&#287;it Topkaya, <em>Seidener Handel: Basel und das Osmanische Reich im 19. Jahrhundert</em>, Christoph Merian Verlag, 2023. </p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Charles Mac Farlane, <em>Turkey and Its Destiny: The Result of Journeys Made in 1847 and 1848 to Examine into the State of that Country I, </em>(Philadelphia: T. K. and P. G. Collins, 1850).</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-4" href="#footnote-anchor-4" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">4</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Bozp&#305;nar, <em>a.g.m.</em></p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-5" href="#footnote-anchor-5" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">5</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Martina Baleva, &#8220;Seidennetzwerke Textile Verflechtungen zwischen Basel dem Balkan und Bursa,&#8221; <em>Basler Zeitschrift f&#252;r Geschichte und Altertumskunde</em> no. 120, 2020: 102-133.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-6" href="#footnote-anchor-6" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">6</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Seyahatnamedeki ayr&#305;nt&#305;ya dikkat etmemi sa&#287;layan Furkan Arslan&#8217;a Te&#351;ekk&#252;rler.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-7" href="#footnote-anchor-7" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">7</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>FO 195/208, 8 October 1845, pp.734&#8211;35. (Belgeyi g&#246;steren Cumali Bozp&#305;nar&#8217;a te&#351;ekk&#252;rler.)</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-8" href="#footnote-anchor-8" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">8</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>R&#305;fat &#214;nsoy, <em>Tanzimat d&#246;nemi Osmanl&#305; sanayii ve sanayile&#351;me politikas&#305;</em>, T&#252;rkiye &#304;&#351; Bankas&#305; K&#252;lt&#252;r Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, 1988.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-9" href="#footnote-anchor-9" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">9</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><em>Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas&#305; &#304;lk Karar Defteri 1889-1904</em>(yay. haz. Raif Kaplano&#287;lu), BTSO Yay&#305;nlar&#305;, 2009.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-10" href="#footnote-anchor-10" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">10</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Samuel Dolbee. &#8220;The Sick Vines of Europe: Raisins, Phylloxera, and the Politics of Place in the Late Ottoman Aegean.&#8221; <em>Comparative Studies in Society and History</em> 67, no. 2 (2025): 349&#8211;76</p><p></p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[İstanbul’un Oğlu, Bursa’nın Yazarı: Kimdir Bu Faruk Üsküdarî ?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar'&#305;n yazar&#305;n&#305;n portresi]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/istanbulun-oglu-bursann-yazar-kimdir</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/istanbulun-oglu-bursann-yazar-kimdir</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 06 Nov 2025 08:28:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!swpm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e5e447-9232-4ee5-8c4f-9d7639cce00b_980x638.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!swpm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e5e447-9232-4ee5-8c4f-9d7639cce00b_980x638.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!swpm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e5e447-9232-4ee5-8c4f-9d7639cce00b_980x638.png 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!swpm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e5e447-9232-4ee5-8c4f-9d7639cce00b_980x638.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!swpm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e5e447-9232-4ee5-8c4f-9d7639cce00b_980x638.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!swpm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e5e447-9232-4ee5-8c4f-9d7639cce00b_980x638.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!swpm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e5e447-9232-4ee5-8c4f-9d7639cce00b_980x638.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#214;mer Faruk &#220;sk&#252;darl&#305; Bursa Ticaret Lisesi&#8217;nde Hocayken; <em>K&#305;z&#305; Ferhal &#220;sk&#252;darl&#305; Kazdal&#8217;&#305;n izniyle.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dari, ya da tam ad&#305;yla &#214;mer Faruk Zeyn&#252;lislam &#220;sk&#252;darl&#305;, Osmanl&#305; devrinin son divan &#351;airlerinden, hicivcilerinden ve ayn&#305; zamanda bir mevlevi dervi&#351;i olan Talat &#220;sk&#252;dari&#8217;nin (&#246;. 1926) ve Ay&#351;e Ferzan Han&#305;m&#8217;&#305;n  o&#287;lu olarak 1910 y&#305;l&#305;nda &#220;sk&#252;dar/ &#304;hsaniye&#8217;de d&#252;nyaya geldi. Faruk Efendi&#8217;nin nas&#305;l bir ortamda b&#252;y&#252;d&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252; anlamak ad&#305;na babas&#305;n&#305; tan&#305;makla ba&#351;layabiliriz. Enderun-&#305; H&#252;m&#226;yun&#8217;da yeti&#351;en Tal&#226;t Bey&#8217;in babas&#305; -yani Faruk Efendi&#8217;nin dedesi- Ahmed A&#287;a, saraydan ayr&#305;ld&#305;ktan sonra askerlikte binba&#351;&#305;l&#305;&#287;a kadar y&#252;kseldi. 1863&#8217;te memuriyetle gitti&#287;i Van&#8217;da vefat etti&#287;inde o&#287;lu Tal&#226;t hen&#252;z be&#351; ya&#351;&#305;ndayd&#305;. &#304;stanbul&#8217;a d&#246;nen ailesi, k&#252;&#231;&#252;k Tal&#226;t&#8217;&#305;n e&#287;itimini mahallenin hay&#305;rseverlerinden Haf&#305;z &#214;mer Efendi&#8217;nin deste&#287;iyle s&#252;rd&#252;rd&#252;. Selimiye R&#252;&#351;tiyesi&#8217;ni bitirdikten sonra medrese ve &#246;zel derslerle e&#287;itimini derinle&#351;tirdi; Hoca Tahsin Efendi&#8217;den hikmet, Kudretullah Efendi&#8217;den tasavvuf, Hac&#305; Abd&#252;lkadir Efendi&#8217;den Arap&#231;a ve Fars&#231;a &#246;&#287;rendi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png" width="122" height="215.49532710280374" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:756,&quot;width&quot;:428,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:122,&quot;bytes&quot;:557675,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177966512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_4Jy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad9b563f-afbb-4d9a-aa9d-d0dcedc0c7a6_428x756.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Ayl&#305;k Ansiklopedi</em>, No: 5, Eyl&#252;l/ 1944</figcaption></figure></div><p>1879&#8217;da Adliye Nezareti&#8217;nde g&#246;reve ba&#351;layan Tal&#226;t Bey, zamanla muhasebe m&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252;ne ve Bahriye Nezareti m&#252;ste&#351;arl&#305;&#287;&#305;na kadar y&#252;kseldi. &#8220;Saadet&#8221; ve &#8220;Zuh&#251;r&#8221; gazetelerinde yaz&#305;lar kaleme ald&#305;; &#351;iir, hiciv ve din&#238; yaz&#305;larla d&#246;nemin bas&#305;n &#231;evrelerinde tan&#305;nd&#305;. Ancak sans&#252;r bask&#305;lar&#305; nedeniyle yaz&#305;n hayat&#305;ndan &#231;ekilmek zorunda kald&#305;.</p><p>Belliba&#351;l&#305; eserlerini II. Me&#351;rutiyet&#8217;in ilk y&#305;llar&#305;nda toplam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Fakat 1917&#8217;de &#220;sk&#252;dar&#8217;daki evinde &#231;&#305;kan b&#252;y&#252;k bir yang&#305;nda, b&#252;t&#252;n bir &#246;m&#252;r boyunca biriktirdi&#287;i &#351;iirleri ve yaz&#305;lar&#305;n&#305; kaybetti. Bu felaket onu hem maddi hem manevi olarak derinden sarst&#305;. Duydu&#287;u ac&#305;y&#305; &#351;u beyitle dile getirdi:</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;Evimin yand&#305;&#287;&#305;na yanmad&#305;m amma Tal&#8217;at,<br>Yand&#305; bin beyti metinim, ona pek &#231;ok yanar&#305;m.&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Burada &#8220;beyt&#8221; s&#246;zc&#252;&#287;&#252; hem &#8220;&#351;iir dizesi&#8221; hem de &#8220;ev&#8221; anlam&#305;na gelir &#8212; Tal&#226;t Bey&#8217;in kelimeyle oynayarak ac&#305;s&#305;n&#305; edeb&#238; bir incelikle dile getirdi&#287;i g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;r.</p><p>Galata K&#246;pr&#252;s&#252;&#8217;n&#252;n tarih kitabesinin de onun eseri oldu&#287;u bilinmektedir. Ayr&#305;ca d&#246;nemin tan&#305;nm&#305;&#351; isimlerinden <strong>Haf&#305;z &#220;sk&#252;darl&#305; Ali Efendi&#8217;nin amcas&#305;d&#305;r.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg" width="445" height="326.37904468412944" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3hW_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c13a5-121e-4bda-bae0-96ca793ff7e6_649x476.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Bir mezar ba&#351;&#305;nda &#220;sk&#252;darl&#305; Talat Efendi ve o&#287;lu &#214;mer Faruk; <em>Ferhal &#220;sk&#252;darl&#305; Kazdal izniyle.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Ahmed Tal&#226;t Bey, 15 Eyl&#252;l 1926&#8217;da &#220;sk&#252;dar &#304;hsaniye&#8217;de mide kanserinden vefat etti ve &#350;air Nedim&#8217;in kabri yak&#305;n&#305;na defnedildi. &#350;iir, nezaket ve faziletle &#246;r&#252;l&#252; ya&#351;am&#305;, d&#246;nemin zarif ve vefal&#305; kalemlerinden biri olarak hat&#305;rlanmas&#305;n&#305; sa&#287;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.</p><p>***</p><h3><strong>Bursa&#8217;y&#305; Yazan, Bursal&#305;lar&#305; Okutan Bir &#304;stanbullu</strong></h3><p>&#304;stanbul Ticaret Akademisi&#8217;nde e&#287;itimini tamamlayan <strong>&#214;mer Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dar&#238;</strong>, k&#305;sa s&#252;re sonra <strong>Bursa Ticaret Lisesi</strong>&#8217;ne atanarak burada ticaret hukuku ve muhasebe dersleri vermeye ba&#351;lad&#305;. Y&#305;llar i&#231;inde Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n &#246;nde gelen sanayicilerinin bir&#231;o&#287;u onun &#246;&#287;rencileri aras&#305;ndan yeti&#351;ti. N&#252;ktedan ki&#351;ili&#287;i, zarif &#252;slubu ve titiz &#246;&#287;retmenli&#287;iyle hat&#305;rlanan &#220;sk&#252;dar&#238;, derslerinde yaln&#305;z ticareti de&#287;il, hayat&#305; da &#246;&#287;retirdi.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg" width="248" height="362.627280625543" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RHVL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdae9f3d2-b952-4117-a422-b6114ddf50d5_1151x1683.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#220;sk&#252;darl&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n N&#252;fus C&#252;zdan&#305;, <em>Ferhal &#220;sk&#252;darl&#305; Kazdal &#304;zniyle</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>K&#305;z&#305;, babas&#305;n&#305;n eski &#304;stanbul T&#252;rk&#231;esini &#246;zenle korudu&#287;unu ve bu konuda kendine &#246;zg&#252; bir gurur ta&#351;&#305;d&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; anlat&#305;r. &#220;sk&#252;dar&#238;, yeri geldi&#287;inde g&#252;l&#252;mseyerek, &#8220;Edirne&#8217;den Kars&#8217;a h&#226;l&#226; en g&#252;zel T&#252;rk&#231;e konu&#351;an be&#351;-alt&#305; ki&#351;iden biriyim,&#8221; der, bu s&#246;z&#252;yle hem dil zevkini hem de mizah anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;n&#305; g&#246;sterirdi.</p><p>19 Mart 1973&#8217;te Ankara&#8217;da ge&#231;irdi&#287;i bir <strong>beyin t&#252;m&#246;r&#252; ameliyat&#305;</strong> s&#305;ras&#305;nda, beyinci&#287;ine hava baloncu&#287;u ka&#231;mas&#305; sonucu ya&#351;am&#305;n&#305; yitirdi. Vasiyeti &#252;zerine, <strong>Emir Sultan Kabristan&#305;&#8217;nda annesinin mezar&#305;n&#305;n &#252;zerine</strong> defnedildi. Bursa onu yaln&#305;z bir &#246;&#287;retmen olarak de&#287;il, ayn&#305; zamanda bir <strong>&#351;ehir haf&#305;zas&#305;</strong>, eski &#304;stanbul terbiyesini ve k&#252;lt&#252;r&#252;n&#252; Bursa&#8217;ya ta&#351;&#305;yan zarif bir entelekt&#252;el olarak hat&#305;rlad&#305;.</p><p>Cenazesi g&#252;n&#252;nde, <strong>Alt&#305;parmak</strong> ve <strong>Atat&#252;rk Caddesi</strong> insanlarla dolmu&#351;, Bursa adeta onu son kez u&#287;urlamak i&#231;in sokaklara ta&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Uzun y&#305;llar <strong>Setba&#351;&#305;</strong>&#8217;nda, kentin erken apartmanlar&#305;ndan biri olan <strong>Duran Apartman&#305;</strong>&#8217;ndaki dairesinde ya&#351;am&#305;&#351;t&#305;. &#214;l&#252;m&#252;nden sonra ailesi Bursa&#8217;y&#305; tamamen b&#305;rakarak &#304;stanbul&#8217;a yerle&#351;ti.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg" width="322" height="429.3333333333333" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnHO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02921edb-ebba-4719-bc6e-69a3716b0c80_1200x1600.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#220;nl&#252; Caddesi sonunda Duran Apartman&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><p>Kendisini yak&#305;ndan tan&#305;yan <strong>Ertu&#287;rul Seyhan</strong>, &#246;l&#252;m&#252;n&#252;n ard&#305;ndan kaleme ald&#305;&#287;&#305; duygulu yaz&#305;s&#305;nda &#351;&#246;yle diyordu:</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dari Hocay&#305; da kaybettik...</strong></em></p><p><em>O &#351;en, o n&#252;ktedan, o ho&#351;sohbet dost; meclislerin aranan sevilen insan&#305;; &#231;al&#305;&#351;kan, bilgili, iyi &#246;&#287;retmen Faruk Hoca&#8217;n&#305;n &#246;l&#252;m&#252;, kendisini tan&#305;yan herkesi &#252;zd&#252;.</em></p><p><em>Faruk Hoca, tam &#231;eyrek y&#252;zy&#305;l Bursa&#8217;da hizmet etmi&#351;, binlerce &#246;&#287;renci yeti&#351;tirmi&#351;ti.</em></p><p><em>O, Bursa Ticaret Lisesi&#8217;nin bir sembol&#252; haline gelmi&#351;ti; &#246;&#287;retmenler de &#246;&#287;renciler de onu &#231;ok sever ve sayarlard&#305;. Tatl&#305;&#8211;sert bir tutumu vard&#305;; en a&#287;&#305;r s&#246;zler onun a&#287;z&#305;ndan &#231;&#305;karken &#226;deta tatl&#305;la&#351;&#305;rd&#305;. Onun s&#246;zleri kimseye batmaz, kimseyi incitmezdi.</em></p><p><em>Merhum; divan edebiyat&#305;n&#305;n son temsilcilerinden, &#304;stanbul&#8217;un me&#351;hur n&#252;ktedan ve hiciv &#252;stadlar&#305;ndan <strong>&#220;sk&#252;darl&#305; Tal&#226;t Bey&#8217;in</strong> o&#287;lu idi.</em></p><p><em>Tal&#226;t Bey&#8217;i tan&#305;yanlar onun zarif, iyi kalpli, n&#252;ktedan, refik-i sefik ve enis-i celis oldu&#287;unda; eski edebiyat&#305; &#231;ok iyi bildi&#287;inde ve &#231;ok g&#252;zel gazeller yazd&#305;&#287;&#305;nda m&#252;ttefik idiler.</em></p><p><em>Faruk Bey, &#246;yle anla&#351;&#305;l&#305;yor ki, rahmetli babas&#305;n&#305;n pek &#231;ok vas&#305;flar&#305;n&#305; tevar&#252;s etmi&#351;ti.</em></p><p><em>O da &#351;en, o da n&#252;ktedan, o da haz&#305;rcevap, o da heccav, o da &#351;airdi... O da meclislerin aranan insan&#305;yd&#305;.</em></p><p><em>Meslek&#238; m&#252;nasebetlerimizin d&#305;&#351;&#305;nda, dostlu&#287;umuz vard&#305;. Ayn&#305; gazetenin yazarlar&#305;yd&#305;k.</em></p><p><em>Bu sebeple, Yaz&#305; &#304;&#351;leri M&#252;d&#252;r&#252;m&#252;z Mustafa Tayla&#8217;n&#305;n odas&#305;nda &#231;ok zaman bulu&#351;ur, sohbeti koyula&#351;t&#305;r&#305;rd&#305;k. Tevfik Biricik &#252;stad&#305;m&#305;z&#305;n, Mustafa Tayla Bey&#8217;in de kat&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; bu sohbetlerin tad&#305;na doyum olmaz, vaktin nas&#305;l ge&#231;ti&#287;ini anlayamazd&#305;k. Faruk Bey konu&#351;malar&#305;n&#305; f&#305;kra ve beyitlerle s&#252;slerdi. Haf&#305;zas&#305; &#231;ok kuvvetli ve da&#287;arc&#305;&#287;&#305; zengindi. Konu ile ilgili bir f&#305;kra anlatmakta hi&#231; g&#252;&#231;l&#252;k &#231;ekmezdi. Sanki f&#305;kra, &#351;iir ve beyitler yan cebinde haz&#305;rd&#305;.</em></p><p><em>Tevfik Bey de Faruk Bey&#8217;e &#8220;yakas&#305; a&#231;&#305;lmad&#305;k&#8221; f&#305;kralar anlatt&#305;rmakta hakikaten yekta idi. Biri pas verir, biri de patlat&#305;rd&#305; f&#305;kray&#305;... Ondan sonra f&#305;kra f&#305;kray&#305;, n&#252;kte n&#252;kteyi, beyit beyiti, fikir fikiri takip eder; b&#246;ylece saatler ge&#231;erdi.</em></p><p><em>Neden sonra, vaktin bir hayli gecikmi&#351; oldu&#287;unu fark eden Faruk Hoca, etrafa koklar gibi yapar ve &#8220;Mars&#305;k kokusu gelmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;&#8221; der, g&#252;l&#252;&#351;erek da&#287;&#305;l&#305;rd&#305;k.</em></p><p><em>Bu &#8220;Mars&#305;k kokusu&#8221;nu da merhum anlatm&#305;&#351;t&#305;: bir kahveci varm&#305;&#351;; ho&#351;sohbet mi ho&#351;sohbet... Kahvehanesi, &#304;stanbul n&#252;ktedanlar&#305;n&#305;n u&#287;rak yeri. Sohbet, sohbet... Gece yar&#305;lar&#305;na kadar s&#252;rer, kimse k&#305;m&#305;ldamazm&#305;&#351;. Kahveci bakm&#305;&#351; ki olacak gibi de&#287;il, &#8220;kalk&#305;n gidin&#8221; de diyemiyor. Vakit ge&#231;ince kahve oca&#287;&#305;na bir mars&#305;k koyuyormu&#351;. Mars&#305;k kokusundan rahats&#305;z olanlar da peyderpey kalk&#305;p gidermi&#351;.</em></p><p><em>Merhum, bu hik&#226;yeyi anlatt&#305;ktan sonra &#8220;kalkma zaman&#305; geldi&#8221; yerine, &#8220;Mars&#305;k kokusu gelmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;&#8221; derdi.</em></p><p><em>Bilmem, merhum hastal&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n a&#287;&#305;rl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; ve &#252;mitsizli&#287;ini biliyor muydu? Biliyordu ise eminim; &#8220;burnuma toprak kokusu geliyor, gitme zaman&#305; geldi&#8221; diye d&#252;&#351;&#252;nm&#252;&#351;t&#252;r.</em></p><p><em>Mevl&#226;n&#226;&#8217;n&#305;n s&#246;yledi&#287;i gibi:</em></p><p><em>&#8220;Bir g&#252;n ruhlar giderler binip ebed at&#305;na,<br>Madde sefaletinden m&#226;na saltanat&#305;na...&#8221;</em></p><p><em>Faruk Hoca da il&#226;h&#238; emre uydu, m&#226;na &#226;lemine g&#246;&#231;t&#252;; <strong>Allah rahmet eylesin&#8230;</strong></em></p></blockquote><p><strong>Ertu&#287;rul Seyhan, &#8220;Projekt&#246;r&#8221;,</strong><em><strong> Takvim</strong></em><strong>, 21 Mart 1973. </strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg" width="502" height="282.375" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:502,&quot;bytes&quot;:245424,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177966512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qy7J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7226be84-852d-4740-a1bb-c9b0fb484cf1_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h3><em>Eski Bursa&#8217;dan Notlar: </em>Bir Kitab&#305;n, Bir D&#246;nemin Hik&#226;yesi</h3><p>Bu blogun ad&#305;n&#305; ald&#305;&#287;&#305; <em>Eski Bursa&#8217;dan Notlar</em>, bundan tam yar&#305;m as&#305;r &#246;nce, 1972&#8217;de, Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dari taraf&#305;ndan yay&#305;mland&#305;. Bug&#252;n art&#305;k bir &#8220;koleksiyon eseri&#8221; say&#305;lan bu kitap, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n end&#252;strile&#351;me ser&#252;venine dair kaleme al&#305;nm&#305;&#351; ilk birincil kaynaklardan biri olma &#246;zelli&#287;ini ta&#351;&#305;yor. Herhangi bir akademik iddia g&#252;tmeden, d&#246;nemin ruhunu, kokusunu ve esnaf mizah&#305;n&#305; sayfalar&#305;na ta&#351;&#305;yan bir eser&#8230;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg" width="336" height="485.3654342218401" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1680,&quot;width&quot;:1163,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:336,&quot;bytes&quot;:591660,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177966512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z5e8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e12ff2d-95cd-4d3c-8fa6-ac59697ad8f0_1163x1680.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kitab&#305;n hik&#226;yesi de en az i&#231;eri&#287;i kadar renkli. 1950&#8217;li y&#305;llarda, Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas&#305; (BTSO), Zihni D&#252;venli y&#246;netiminde <strong>Bursa Ticaret Haberleri </strong>adl&#305; haftal&#305;k bir gazete &#231;&#305;karmaya karar verir. Ar&#351;ivlerinde tozlu raflarda duran Osmanl&#305;ca karar defterlerini de de&#287;erlendirip, odan&#305;n tarihine dair yaz&#305;lar yay&#305;mlamak isterler. Ancak bir sorun vard&#305;r: Osmanl&#305;ca bilen insan say&#305;s&#305; bir elin parmaklar&#305;n&#305; ge&#231;memektedir.<br>&#304;&#351;te o noktada, Bursa&#8217;da hocal&#305;k yapan orta ya&#351;lar&#305;nda bir tarih merakl&#305;s&#305; ticaret hocas&#305;, Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dari, sahneye &#231;&#305;kar. &#220;sk&#252;dari, o d&#246;nemde ayn&#305; zamanda BTSO&#8217;nun ne&#351;riyat ve istatistik b&#252;rosunda da &#231;al&#305;&#351;maktayd&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png" width="246" height="436.8495575221239" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1204,&quot;width&quot;:678,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:246,&quot;bytes&quot;:1655056,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177966512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GD5i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8c3681d-a05a-4ba1-874b-02f24332ef3f_678x1204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">1950&#8217;lerde Bursa Ticaret Haberleri gazetesinin ilk say&#305;lar&#305;ndan birinde yay&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351; odan&#305;n tarihine dair ilk ara&#351;t&#305;rmalardan birisi.</figcaption></figure></div><p>&#220;sk&#252;dari, defterleri okur, &#231;evirir ve kuru bir ar&#351;iv metnini, esprili bir anlat&#305;mla canland&#305;r&#305;r. Osmanl&#305; belgelerinden do&#287;an o sert b&#252;rokratik dili, yer yer f&#305;kra tad&#305;nda bir metne d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;r. B&#246;ylece, asl&#305;nda bir ar&#351;iv &#231;al&#305;&#351;mas&#305;ndan beklenmeyecek kadar &#8220;okunur&#8221; ve &#8220;keyifli&#8221; bir tarih &#231;&#305;kar ortaya. Bu yaz&#305;lar 1950&#8217;lerde gazetede tefrika edilir; 1972&#8217;de ise BTSO taraf&#305;ndan kitapla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;l&#305;r.</p><p>Bug&#252;n bu kitab&#305;n bir n&#252;shas&#305;na sahip olmak, neredeyse eski bir Bursa haritas&#305; bulmak kadar zor. Bask&#305;s&#305; t&#252;kenmi&#351;, yeni bask&#305;s&#305; yap&#305;lmam&#305;&#351; ve ikinci el piyasas&#305;nda <strong>adeta alt&#305;nla yar&#305;&#351;&#305;r h&#226;le gelmi&#351;</strong> durumda.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Kopyalanan, Ama A&#351;&#305;lamayan Bir Eser</strong></h4><p>&#304;&#351;in ironik yan&#305;, <em>Eski Bursa&#8217;dan Notlar</em> sadece de&#287;er kazanmam&#305;&#351;; ayn&#305; zamanda bol bol <strong>&#8220;kopyalanm&#305;&#351;&#8221;</strong> da.<br>Bursa sanayi veya ticaret tarihi &#252;zerine &#231;al&#305;&#351;an pek &#231;ok yerel ara&#351;t&#305;rmac&#305; ve akademisyen, bu kaynaktan sat&#305;r sat&#305;r al&#305;nt&#305; yapar ama &#231;o&#287;u zaman kaynak&#231;a vermeyi &#8220;unutur.&#8221;<br>Sanki o defteri bizzat kendisi bulmu&#351;, tozunu silkmi&#351; gibi davran&#305;r.<br>Aradan 50 y&#305;l ge&#231;mi&#351; olmas&#305;na ra&#287;men, kimse bu kitab&#305;n &#252;zerine yeni bir &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma koyabilmi&#351; de&#287;il. Mesele &#231;ok iyi bir eser oldu&#287;undan dolay&#305; de&#287;il, akademisyenlerimizin tembelli&#287;inden&#8230;</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>&#8220;Uyan&#305;k Ermeni&#8221;den &#8220;&#350;&#305;mar&#305;k Eczac&#305;&#8221;ya: &#220;sk&#252;dari&#8217;nin Milliyet&#231;i Dili</strong></h4><p>Eserin akademik bir iddias&#305; yok, evet. Ancak tam da bu nedenle bize, d&#246;nemin zihniyet d&#252;nyas&#305;na dair &#246;nemli ipu&#231;lar&#305; sunuyor.<br>Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dari, yaz&#305;lar&#305;nda gayrim&#252;slim t&#252;ccarlara dair &#246;nyarg&#305;lar&#305;n&#305; a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a yans&#305;t&#305;r. &#8220;Uyan&#305;k Ermeni&#8221; gibi ifadeler, bug&#252;n kula&#287;a son derece rahats&#305;z edici gelse de, 1950&#8217;lerin &#8220;yerli-milli sermaye&#8221; s&#246;ylemini yans&#305;tmas&#305; bak&#305;m&#305;ndan dikkat &#231;ekicidir.</p><p>En &#231;arp&#305;c&#305; &#246;rneklerden biri, &#8220;<strong>Dut Dal&#305;ndan Sun&#8217;&#238; &#304;pek</strong>&#8221; ba&#351;l&#305;kl&#305; makaledir. &#220;sk&#252;dari burada, Artin L&#252;tfiyan&#8217;&#305;n dut yapra&#287;&#305;ndan yapay ipek &#252;retmeye dair projesini &#8220;Kurnaz Ermeni, bizim zay&#305;f taraf&#305;m&#305;z&#305; bildi&#287;inden&#8230;&#8221; diye ba&#351;layan c&#252;mlelerle anlat&#305;r.<br>Oysa L&#252;tfiyan&#8217;&#305;n projesi, d&#246;nemin sanayi mekteplerine gelir kazand&#305;rmay&#305; hedefleyen yenilik&#231;i bir fikirdir. Ak&#305;betinin ne oldu&#287;u bile belgelerde anlat&#305;lmamas&#305;na ra&#287;men &#220;sk&#252;dari, yaz&#305;s&#305;n&#305; onun sahtekar bir ka&#351;if olabilece&#287;ini hat&#305;rlatarak &#8220;&#351;&#305;mar&#305;k eczac&#305;&#8221; diye anarak noktalar. Bir yandan Osmanl&#305;&#8217;dan bakiye mizah vard&#305;r bu dilde, ama &#246;te yandan a&#231;&#305;k bir toplumsal &#246;tekile&#351;tirme de.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>&#220;sk&#252;dar&#238;&#8217;nin K&#305;z&#305; Anlat&#305;yor: &#8220;Babam&#305;n Dili Devrin Diliydi&#8221;</strong></h4><p>Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dari&#8217;nin k&#305;z&#305; Ferhal Han&#305;m&#8217;a bu konuyu sordu&#287;umda, &#8220;Babam&#305;n gayrim&#252;slimlere kar&#351;&#305; d&#252;&#351;manca bir tavr&#305; yoktu,&#8221; dedi.<br>Kendisi gibi babas&#305;n&#305;n da &#220;sk&#252;dar k&#246;kenli, &#231;ok k&#252;lt&#252;rl&#252; bir &#231;evrede yeti&#351;ti&#287;ini, Rum ve Ermeni dostlar&#305; oldu&#287;unu anlatt&#305;.<br>O d&#246;nemde BTSO y&#246;neticilerinin &#8220;yerli ve mill&#238; sermaye&#8221; vurgusunu &#246;ne &#231;&#305;karan bir dil istedi&#287;ini, babas&#305;n&#305;n da bu &#252;slubu belki biraz mecburen benimsedi&#287;ini s&#246;yledi.</p><p>Bir ba&#351;ka ilgin&#231; detay da &#351;u: &#220;sk&#252;dari, neredeyse her yaz&#305;s&#305;n&#305; &#8220;makamlar&#305; cennet olsun&#8221; gibi dini bir temenniyle bitirir.<br>Ferhal Han&#305;m&#8217;a bunu sordu&#287;umda, g&#252;l&#252;mseyerek &#8220;Babam son derece sek&#252;ler biriydi, dini inan&#231;larla pek &#246;yle ciddi ilgisi yoktu,&#8221; dedi. &#8220;Muhtemelen bu ifadeler de Oda&#8217;n&#305;n iste&#287;iydi,&#8221; diye ekledi.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>&#220;sk&#252;dari&#8217;nin G&#246;lgesinde: Defter Yeniden G&#252;n Y&#252;z&#252;nde</strong></h3><p>Aradan y&#305;llar ge&#231;ti&#8230; Bursa Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas&#305;&#8217;n&#305;n 150. y&#305;l&#305; vesilesiyle, tarih&#231;i Raif Kaplano&#287;lu &#246;nderli&#287;inde kapsaml&#305; bir yay&#305;n projesi ba&#351;lat&#305;ld&#305;.<br>Bu projelerden biri, &#220;sk&#252;dari&#8217;nin yar&#305;m as&#305;r &#246;nce kulland&#305;&#287;&#305; o me&#351;hur defterle do&#287;rudan ilgiliydi: <strong>BTSO&#8217;nun ilk karar defteri</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg" width="420" height="334.43060498220643" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zilr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb29b612a-5363-44a0-b8a6-32b4e010b86f_1124x895.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">BTSO&#8217;nun 1889 tarihli ilk karar defterinin ilk sayfas&#305;</figcaption></figure></div><p>Odan&#305;n &#231;elik kasas&#305;nda y&#305;llard&#305;r sessizce bekleyen bu defter, tozlar&#305; silinip yeniden g&#252;n y&#252;z&#252;ne &#231;&#305;kar&#305;ld&#305;. Kaplano&#287;lu, Osmanl&#305;ca metinleri g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;z T&#252;rk&#231;esine &#231;evirerek, ar&#351;ivdeki bu temel kayna&#287;&#305;e yay&#305;ma haz&#305;rlad&#305;.</p><p>&#220;&#231; ay gibi k&#305;sa bir s&#252;rede tamamlanan bu &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma, hem tarih&#231;iler hem de Bursa merakl&#305;lar&#305; i&#231;in adeta bir &#8220;ar&#351;iv mucizesi&#8221; oldu.<br>B&#246;ylece Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dari&#8217;nin bir zamanlar esprili bir dille yorumlad&#305;&#287;&#305; o defter, bu kez do&#287;rudan kendi diliyle, ham h&#226;liyle okurun kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;na &#231;&#305;kt&#305;.</p><p>K&#305;sacas&#305;, &#220;sk&#252;dari&#8217;nin <em>Eski Bursa&#8217;dan Notlar</em>&#8217;&#305;ndaki o me&#351;hur kaynak, art&#305;k &#8220;kaynak&#8221; olmaktan &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;, bizzat sahneye d&#246;nm&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><h4><strong>Son S&#246;z</strong></h4><p><em>Eski Bursa&#8217;dan Notlar</em>, bug&#252;n sadece eski bir ar&#351;iv defterinin sayfalar&#305;ndan do&#287;mu&#351; bir kitap de&#287;il; ayn&#305; zamanda <strong>Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n ticari ve g&#252;ndelik hayat haf&#305;zas&#305;n&#305;n aynas&#305;</strong>.<br>Bir d&#246;nemin i&#351; ahlak&#305;n&#305;, &#246;nyarg&#305;lar&#305;n&#305;, umutlar&#305;n&#305; ve b&#252;rokratik mizah&#305;n&#305; ayn&#305; potada eritiyor.<br>Evet, dili akademik de&#287;il; ama tam da bu y&#252;zden ya&#351;ayan, nefes alan, yer yer kahkaha att&#305;ran bir tarih anlat&#305;s&#305;.</p><p>Kim bilir, belki de Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dari&#8217;nin amac&#305; da tam olarak buydu:<br>Tarihi, s&#305;k&#305;c&#305; olmaktan kurtarmak.</p><h5>-Agah E. Yasa</h5><div class="pullquote"><p>Faruk &#220;sk&#252;dar&#238;&#8217;nin k&#305;z&#305;, zarafeti ve inceli&#287;iyle tam bir &#304;stanbul han&#305;mefendisi olan <strong>Ferhal Kazdal</strong> ile onun beyefendi e&#351;i <strong>Ferruh Kazdal</strong>&#8217;a, payla&#351;t&#305;klar&#305; k&#305;ymetli hat&#305;ralar ve e&#351;siz bilgiler i&#231;in en i&#231;ten te&#351;ekk&#252;rlerimi, sayg&#305; ve sa&#287;l&#305;k dileklerimle sunar&#305;m. Ayt&#252;l Seyhan Dursuno&#287;lu&#8217;na da babas&#305; Ertu&#287;rul Seyhan&#8217;&#305;n k&#246;&#351;e yaz&#305;s&#305;n&#305; bana ula&#351;t&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305; i&#231;in te&#351;ekk&#252;r ederim.</p><p></p></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Part II: Bursa Hacivat Gazetesi'nde CHP Eleştirileri]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bir yerel hiciv yay&#305;n&#305;ndan yans&#305;malar]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/part-ii-bursa-hacivat-gazetesinde</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/part-ii-bursa-hacivat-gazetesinde</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 04 Nov 2025 07:44:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png" width="1456" height="479" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pbSG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0092a249-c1a5-4819-ac8d-c7dd1697a875_1756x578.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Ele&#351;tiriler yaln&#305;zca <strong>merkezi y&#246;netim</strong> ya da <strong>valili&#287;e</strong> de&#287;il, <strong>belediyeye</strong> de y&#246;nelmi&#351;ti. Hacivat Gazetesi, in&#351;as&#305; yeni tamamlanan <strong>K&#305;rk Merdivenler&#8217;in</strong> &#246;n&#252;nde biriken <strong>&#231;amur deryas&#305;ndan</strong> vatanda&#351;lar&#305;n nas&#305;l ge&#231;ece&#287;ini hicvederken, &#231;&#246;z&#252;m olarak alayc&#305; bir &#246;neri getirmi&#351;ti:<br><strong>&#8220;En iyisi, &#252;&#231; tane &#231;amurda y&#252;r&#252;meye al&#305;&#351;k&#305;n hamal tutup vatanda&#351;lar&#305; kucaklayarak kar&#351;&#305;ya ge&#231;irsinler.&#8221;</strong></p><p>Gazete, ard&#305;ndan belediyenin de bu i&#351;i yapacak <strong>personel arad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;</strong> s&#246;yleyerek, <strong>yollar&#305;n bak&#305;ms&#305;zl&#305;&#287;&#305;na ve belediyenin yetersizli&#287;ine</strong> mizahi bir bi&#231;imde g&#246;ndermede bulunmu&#351;tu.</p><p>Bu hicivde bahsi ge&#231;en <strong>Do&#287;umevi</strong>, asl&#305;nda <strong>Ya&#287;c&#305; Cemal Bey K&#246;&#351;k&#252;&#8217;d&#252;r</strong>; bug&#252;n bu yap&#305;n&#305;n yerinde <strong>BTSO&#8217;nun Alt&#305;parmak binas&#305;</strong> bulunmaktad&#305;r. Hemen yan&#305;ndaki <strong>K&#305;rk Merdivenler</strong> ise h&#226;l&#226; ayaktad&#305;r ve <strong>aktif bi&#231;imde kullan&#305;lmaya devam etmektedir.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png" width="576" height="662" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:662,&quot;width&quot;:576,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:353877,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177962597?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dvVV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F011c5d3b-cbe0-4126-a6bc-1106ee3b9a62_576x662.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#199;amur ele&#351;tirileri bununla da s&#305;n&#305;rl&#305; kalmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Hacivat Gazetesi, bu kez <strong>Muradiye&#8217;de biriken &#231;amuru</strong> hedef alm&#305;&#351; ve konuyu <strong>&#8220;Belediye Bak&#305;ms&#305;zl&#305;k &#304;&#351;leri&#8221;</strong> ba&#351;l&#305;&#287;&#305;yla hicvetmi&#351;ti.<br>Gazete, kelime oyunlar&#305;yla s&#252;sledi&#287;i bu yaz&#305;da, Muradiye&#8217;nin yollar&#305;ndaki &#231;amuru <strong>belediyenin en istikrarl&#305; ticari yat&#305;r&#305;m&#305;ym&#305;&#351; gibi</strong> &#231;amurun sat&#305;ld&#287;&#305;n&#305; anlatarak, <strong>altyap&#305; sorunlar&#305;n&#305; ve ilgisizli&#287;i</strong> mizahi bir dille ele&#351;tirmi&#351;ti.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png" width="576" height="662" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0n8u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F614e2402-d0e0-435d-9928-2fd916d3bd16_576x662.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ula&#351;t&#305;rma Bakanl&#305;&#287;&#305; da modern yollar&#305; sa&#287;lamamakla alay konusu olmu&#351;; gazete bakanl&#305;&#287;&#305; bir <strong>deve g&#246;rseliyle</strong> hicvetmi&#351;ti. Metinde Bakan&#8217;a y&#246;nelik i&#287;neleyici ifadeler de yer al&#305;yordu. D&#252;zeltilmi&#351; ve ak&#305;&#351;&#305; g&#252;&#231;lendirilmi&#351; h&#226;liyle pasaj &#351;&#246;yle okunuyor:</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;Bizde &#304;kinci D&#252;nya Harbi&#8217;ne girmi&#351;iz de haberimiz yok.</strong><br>Bak&#305;n, ge&#231;enlerde Ula&#351;t&#305;rma Bakan&#305; &#351;&#246;yle konu&#351;tu:<br>&#8216;Harp i&#231;inde kaybetti&#287;imiz tonaj miktar&#305;n&#305; yerine koyamad&#305;k. D&#305;&#351; seferleri de T&#252;rk vapurculu&#287;unu harice tan&#305;tmak i&#231;in yap&#305;yoruz.&#8217;<br>&#304;lah&#238; Bay Bakan &#8212; gel bizim gazeteye muharrir ol bari de halk kat&#305;la kat&#305;la g&#252;ls&#252;n&#8230;&#8221;</p></blockquote><p>Gazetenin hicvinde, Bakan&#8217;&#305;n s&#246;zleri alaya al&#305;n&#305;rken ayn&#305; zamanda &#252;lkenin ula&#351;&#305;m altyap&#305;s&#305;ndaki eksiklikler ve sava&#351;&#305;n getirdi&#287;i lojistik zorluklar ironiyle vurgulan&#305;yor; deve g&#246;rseliyle ise &#8220;modern yollar yerine ilkel ara&#231;lar&#8221; imas&#305; yap&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ztJy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a03ed99-c62c-4fd4-a08e-3c30a2d31e5d_544x640.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0a03ed99-c62c-4fd4-a08e-3c30a2d31e5d_544x640.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:640,&quot;width&quot;:544,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:277770,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177962597?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a03ed99-c62c-4fd4-a08e-3c30a2d31e5d_544x640.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ztJy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a03ed99-c62c-4fd4-a08e-3c30a2d31e5d_544x640.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ztJy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a03ed99-c62c-4fd4-a08e-3c30a2d31e5d_544x640.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ztJy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a03ed99-c62c-4fd4-a08e-3c30a2d31e5d_544x640.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ztJy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a03ed99-c62c-4fd4-a08e-3c30a2d31e5d_544x640.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#246;nemin iktidar&#305;n&#305;n sesi konumundaki <strong>ANT Gazetesi</strong>, haberlerinde <strong>manip&#252;lasyon yapmakla</strong>, &#246;zellikle de <strong>g&#305;da ve giyim maddelerindeki enflasyonu oldu&#287;undan d&#252;&#351;&#252;k g&#246;stermekle</strong> ele&#351;tirilmi&#351;ti.<br>Hacivat Gazetesi, bu durumu hem alayc&#305; hem de tan&#305;d&#305;k bir tonda hicvediyordu.</p><p>Ne kadar tan&#305;d&#305;k geliyor, de&#287;il mi?<br>Aradan onca y&#305;l ge&#231;mi&#351; olmas&#305;na ra&#287;men, <strong>bug&#252;n de benzer manzaralarla kar&#351;&#305;la&#351;&#305;yoruz.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png" width="544" height="330" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:330,&quot;width&quot;:544,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:160436,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177962597?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PntR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa04afbc5-18f5-4756-abda-59eff29926cb_544x330.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>K&#246;ylerdeki <strong>ba&#351;&#305;bo&#351; k&#246;pek sorunu</strong> da o y&#305;llarda Hacivat Gazetesi&#8217;nin g&#252;ndemindeydi. Gazete, sokaklarda ve k&#246;y yollar&#305;nda dola&#351;an sahipsiz k&#246;pekleri hicvederek soruna dikkat &#231;ekmi&#351;ti:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png" width="1188" height="330" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:330,&quot;width&quot;:1188,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:264551,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177962597?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q90u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F960c8f4f-8bcd-42a4-96b1-9c850144b4d0_1188x330.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bursa d&#305;&#351;&#305;ndaki bir hicivde bu kez d&#246;nemin tan&#305;nm&#305;&#351; siyaset&#231;ilerinden Cevat Dursuno&#287;lu hedef al&#305;nm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. 1892 Erzurum do&#287;umlu olan Dursuno&#287;lu, Almanya&#8217;da y&#252;ksek&#246;&#287;renim g&#246;rm&#252;&#351;; Cumhuriyet d&#246;neminde Maarif Vek&#226;leti&#8217;nde Orta&#246;&#287;retim ve Y&#252;ksek&#246;&#287;retim Umum M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;kleri gibi &#246;nemli g&#246;revlerde bulunmu&#351;tu. Erzurum Kongresi &#252;yeli&#287;i ile ba&#351;layan siyasi kariyerini, TBMM&#8217;de Kars ve Erzurum milletvekilli&#287;i, ard&#305;ndan CHP genel sekreter yard&#305;mc&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305; ve <em>Ulus</em> gazetesi ba&#351;yazarl&#305;&#287;&#305;yla s&#252;rd&#252;rm&#252;&#351;t&#252;. Ancak Bak&#252;&#8217;deki &#8220;K&#305;z&#305;l Kongre&#8221;ye kat&#305;lmas&#305;, hicivcilerin dikkatinden ka&#231;mam&#305;&#351;; d&#246;nemin mizah sayfalar&#305;nda, CHP&#8217;nin alt&#305; okuna &#8220;sosyalizm&#8221;i temsil eden yedinci bir okun eklenece&#287;i y&#246;n&#252;nde alayc&#305; ifadelerle ele&#351;tirilmi&#351;ti.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png" width="448" height="392" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D5F4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbb7d800f-6ccc-4f5f-8c3e-da750d003577_448x392.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#214;zetle, g&#246;r&#252;ld&#252;&#287;&#252; &#252;zere Demokrat Parti&#8217;ye yak&#305;n bir &#231;izgide konumlanan <em>Hacivat</em> Gazetesi, Bursa&#8217;n&#305;n g&#252;ndelik sorunlar&#305;n&#305; ve yerel idarenin aksakl&#305;klar&#305;n&#305;, kente &#246;zg&#252; mizah gelene&#287;ini yeniden canland&#305;rma iddias&#305;yla ele alan bir yay&#305;n olarak ortaya &#231;&#305;km&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Her ne kadar k&#305;sa &#246;m&#252;rl&#252; olmu&#351;sa da, d&#246;nemin siyasal atmosferinde cesur say&#305;labilecek ele&#351;tiriler dile getirmi&#351;tir. Bug&#252;n elimizde bulunan bu ilk say&#305;ya, CHP &#304;l Y&#246;netimi&#8217;nin yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; istihbarat &#231;al&#305;&#351;mas&#305; sonucu merkeze g&#246;nderilen bir n&#252;shan&#305;n, oradan da Cumhuriyet Ar&#351;ivleri&#8217;ne intikali sayesinde ula&#351;abiliyoruz.</p><p>Bir ba&#351;ka yaz&#305;da g&#246;r&#252;&#351;mek dile&#287;iyle,<br><strong>Agah E. Yasa</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bursa Hacivat Gazetesi'nde CHP Eleştirileri]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bir yerel hiciv yay&#305;n&#305;ndan yans&#305;malar]]></description><link>https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bursa-hacivat-gazetesinde-chp-elestirileri</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://eskibursadanotlar.substack.com/p/bursa-hacivat-gazetesinde-chp-elestirileri</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eski Bursa'dan Notlar]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 04 Nov 2025 07:15:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png" width="1456" height="479" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:479,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:911009,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177960791?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QBJ9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd1ad600-3de3-447b-bfdb-b8e5de26907c_1756x578.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>CHP&#8217;nin tek parti d&#246;neminin 1946&#8217;da sona ermesiyle birlikte, Demokrat Parti etraf&#305;nda toplanan muhalif gruplar hem sermaye hem de bas&#305;n alan&#305;nda kendi &#231;evrelerini olu&#351;turmaya ba&#351;lad&#305;lar. Bu d&#246;nemde <strong>Bursa&#8217;da yay&#305;mlanan yerel bir hiciv gazetesi olan </strong><em><strong>Hacivat</strong></em><strong>,</strong> kentin tan&#305;nm&#305;&#351; gazetecilerinden <strong>Sabri T&#252;rkozan</strong> taraf&#305;ndan &#231;&#305;kar&#305;ld&#305;. Gazete, daha ilk say&#305;s&#305;ndan itibaren <strong>CHP&#8217;nin dikkatini &#231;ekti ve yak&#305;ndan izlenmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;.</strong><br>CHP Bursa &#304;l Y&#246;netimi taraf&#305;ndan haz&#305;rlanarak partinin genel sekreterli&#287;ine g&#246;nderilen ve bug&#252;n <strong>Cumhurba&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305; Cumhuriyet Ar&#351;ivi&#8217;nde</strong> bulunan bir raporda, <em>Hacivat</em> gazetesinin <strong>CHP aleyhinde yay&#305;n yapt&#305;&#287;&#305;</strong> belirtilmi&#351;, bu nedenle gazetenin <strong>takip alt&#305;na al&#305;nmas&#305;</strong> kararla&#351;t&#305;r&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png" width="1456" height="337" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:337,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:906078,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177960791?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4miI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa84c7e6f-87af-4fdc-9fdc-454145d0cdd8_2040x472.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Hacivat Gazetesi</strong>, daha ilk say&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n ilk sayfas&#305;ndan itibaren tavr&#305;n&#305; a&#231;&#305;k&#231;a ortaya koymu&#351;tu. Yay&#305;n hayat&#305;na, <strong>Bursa&#8217;da CHP&#8217;nin deste&#287;iyle &#231;&#305;kan yerel hiciv gazetesi </strong><em><strong>Hac&#305;a&#287;a</strong></em>&#8217;y&#305; sert bir dille ele&#351;tirerek ba&#351;lam&#305;&#351;t&#305;:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YqOh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0a9b010-9d88-4255-8051-d8c66e46a54c_1038x662.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YqOh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0a9b010-9d88-4255-8051-d8c66e46a54c_1038x662.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YqOh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0a9b010-9d88-4255-8051-d8c66e46a54c_1038x662.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YqOh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0a9b010-9d88-4255-8051-d8c66e46a54c_1038x662.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YqOh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0a9b010-9d88-4255-8051-d8c66e46a54c_1038x662.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YqOh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0a9b010-9d88-4255-8051-d8c66e46a54c_1038x662.png" width="1038" height="662" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b0a9b010-9d88-4255-8051-d8c66e46a54c_1038x662.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:662,&quot;width&quot;:1038,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:587008,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177960791?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0a9b010-9d88-4255-8051-d8c66e46a54c_1038x662.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bana kal&#305;rsa say&#305;n&#305;n en keskin ve ironik hicvi, ilk sayfada yer alan <strong>Muhittin Baha Pars karikat&#252;r&#252;</strong>yle yap&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. D&#246;nemin Bursa&#8217;s&#305;n&#305;n en varl&#305;kl&#305; isimlerinden biri olan, y&#252;zlerce d&#246;n&#252;m arazisi ve &#231;ok say&#305;da i&#351;letmesi bulunan; ayn&#305; zamanda kentin k&#246;kl&#252; sufi ailelerinden <strong>Ahmet Baba&#8217;n&#305;n soyundan gelen Muhittin Baha</strong>, o y&#305;l mecliste g&#252;ndeme gelen <strong>milletvekillerine ek maa&#351; zamm&#305; &#246;nergesi</strong> &#252;zerinden hicvedilmi&#351;ti:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg" width="314" height="1072" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0DqU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83a2b924-ceec-4d18-a86f-728940cf93af_314x1072.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>1930&#8217;lu y&#305;llarda Atat&#252;rk ve &#304;n&#246;n&#252;&#8217;n&#252;n te&#351;vikiyle Bursa&#8217;da ilk sanayi yat&#305;r&#305;mlar&#305;ndan birini ger&#231;ekle&#351;tiren <strong>Selim S&#252;ter</strong>, ilerleyen y&#305;llarda <strong>Sayas</strong> ad&#305;n&#305; alacak olan <strong>s&#252;t tozu fabrikas&#305;n&#305;</strong> kurmu&#351;tu. Bu tesis, Cumhuriyet&#8217;in erken d&#246;neminde <strong>yerli g&#305;da sanayisini geli&#351;tirme ve ithalat&#305; azaltma hedefinin</strong> simge giri&#351;imlerinden biri olarak g&#246;r&#252;l&#252;yordu. Ancak Hacivat Gazetesi&#8217;nin hicvi, S&#252;ter&#8217;in bu &#8220;&#246;rnek sanayici&#8221; imaj&#305;n&#305; tersy&#252;z ediyordu: karikat&#252;rde, muhtemelen <em><strong>&#252;r&#252;nlerinde malzemeden &#231;ald&#305;&#287;&#305;</strong></em> ya da <em><strong>kaliteden &#246;d&#252;n verdi&#287;i</strong></em> ima edilerek ele&#351;tirilmi&#351;ti:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FI7C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38cc92f4-f468-48c1-96aa-5190787d29cb_692x572.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FI7C!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38cc92f4-f468-48c1-96aa-5190787d29cb_692x572.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FI7C!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38cc92f4-f468-48c1-96aa-5190787d29cb_692x572.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FI7C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38cc92f4-f468-48c1-96aa-5190787d29cb_692x572.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FI7C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38cc92f4-f468-48c1-96aa-5190787d29cb_692x572.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FI7C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38cc92f4-f468-48c1-96aa-5190787d29cb_692x572.png" width="692" height="572" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Gazetede s&#305;k s&#305;k eski Osmanl&#305; eserlerinin bak&#305;ms&#305;zl&#305;&#287;&#305;ndan ve <strong>&#8220;m&#252;barek zatlar&#305;n&#8221;</strong> kabirlerinin k&#246;t&#252; halinden s&#246;z edilerek, devletin&#8212;yani <strong>CHP&#8217;nin&#8212;bu k&#252;lt&#252;rel miras&#305; ihmal etti&#287;i</strong> &#246;ne s&#252;r&#252;l&#252;yordu. Bu ele&#351;tirilerden biri de, <strong>me&#351;hur Mevlid yazar&#305; S&#252;leyman &#199;elebi</strong>&#8217;ye yap&#305;lmas&#305; planlanan ancak y&#305;llard&#305;r tamamlanamayan <strong>an&#305;t mezar projesine</strong> y&#246;neltilmi&#351;ti.</p><p><strong>S&#252;leyman &#199;elebi (1351&#8211;1422)</strong>, Bursa Ulu Camii imaml&#305;&#287;&#305; yapm&#305;&#351;, <strong>&#8220;Ves&#238;let&#252;&#8217;n-Nec&#226;t&#8221; (Mevlid-i &#350;erif)</strong> adl&#305; eseriyle &#304;slam d&#252;nyas&#305;nda b&#252;y&#252;k bir &#252;ne kavu&#351;mu&#351; bir din &#226;limi ve &#351;airdir. Eseri, y&#252;zy&#305;llar boyunca Osmanl&#305; co&#287;rafyas&#305;nda do&#287;um, &#246;l&#252;m, kandil gibi dini t&#246;renlerin vazge&#231;ilmez par&#231;as&#305; olmu&#351;tur.</p><p>Hacivat Gazetesi&#8217;ndeki hicivde, bu denli &#246;nemli bir ismin mezar&#305;n&#305;n iki y&#305;ld&#305;r tamamlanamam&#305;&#351; olmas&#305;na dikkat &#231;ekiliyor; &#8220;<strong>Herh&#226;lde art&#305;k ruhlar taraf&#305;ndan bitirilecek</strong>&#8221; denilerek <strong>devletin ilgisizli&#287;ine alayc&#305; bir bi&#231;imde g&#246;ndermede bulunuluyordu.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9Zj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1560d8b4-131c-48c6-86ea-3368ae931bfd_692x468.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9Zj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1560d8b4-131c-48c6-86ea-3368ae931bfd_692x468.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9Zj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1560d8b4-131c-48c6-86ea-3368ae931bfd_692x468.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9Zj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1560d8b4-131c-48c6-86ea-3368ae931bfd_692x468.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I9Zj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1560d8b4-131c-48c6-86ea-3368ae931bfd_692x468.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Yeri gelmi&#351;ken anmak gerekir ki, <strong>20. y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ba&#351;lar&#305;nda Bursal&#305; Hac&#305; Ali Pa&#351;a</strong>, S&#252;leyman &#199;elebi&#8217;nin <strong>mezar ta&#351;&#305;n&#305; ve &#231;evresindeki &#351;ebekeyi (demir kafes)</strong> Osmanl&#305; &#252;slubuna uygun bi&#231;imde yeniletmi&#351;ti. Ancak Cumhuriyet d&#246;neminde, modern ulus in&#351;as&#305;n&#305;n bir par&#231;as&#305; olarak <strong>&#8220;gelenek icad&#305;&#8221;</strong> anlay&#305;&#351;&#305; &#246;ne &#231;&#305;kmaya ba&#351;lay&#305;nca, Bursa&#8217;daki yerel k&#252;lt&#252;rel miras savunucular&#305;&#8212;<strong>Kaz&#305;m Baykal, Fehameddin Ulusoy ve R&#305;za &#304;lova</strong> gibi isimler&#8212;<strong>Eski Eserleri Sevenler Kurumu</strong> &#231;at&#305;s&#305; alt&#305;nda bir araya gelerek, S&#252;leyman &#199;elebi i&#231;in <strong>&#8220;asri&#8221; (modern) bir an&#305;t mezar</strong> yapt&#305;rmaya karar verdiler.</p><p>Bu karar do&#287;rultusunda, <strong>Ali Pa&#351;a&#8217;n&#305;n yapt&#305;rd&#305;&#287;&#305; Osmanl&#305; tarz&#305; mezar tamamen y&#305;k&#305;lm&#305;&#351;</strong>, mezar ta&#351;&#305; ise <strong>g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;ze kadar kay&#305;pt&#305;r</strong>. Yerine, <strong>&#8220;T&#252;rk-&#304;slam Medeniyeti&#8221;</strong> vurgusunu &#246;ne &#231;&#305;karan yeni bir <strong>an&#305;t mezar</strong> in&#351;a edilmi&#351;tir. <strong>1952 y&#305;l&#305;nda tamamlanan</strong> bu yap&#305;, bug&#252;n h&#226;l&#226; S&#252;leyman &#199;elebi&#8217;nin kabrinin bulundu&#287;u yerde ayakta durmaktad&#305;r.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png" width="1086" height="976" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:976,&quot;width&quot;:1086,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1677066,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bursabellekharitalari.substack.com/i/177960791?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yoB9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e90a8-ecc0-4cfa-ad1b-656d6683f034_1086x976.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>Hacivat gazetemize geri d&#246;nelim:</strong><br>&#304;lk say&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n giri&#351;inde Hacivat, <strong>nas&#305;l &#8220;geri d&#246;nd&#252;&#287;&#252;n&#252;&#8221;</strong>, yani gazetede yeniden nas&#305;l &#8220;hayata geldi&#287;ini&#8221;, yine <strong>S&#252;leyman &#199;elebi t&#252;rbesi</strong> ve <strong>korunmayan Osmanl&#305; an&#305;tlar&#305;</strong> &#252;zerinden anlat&#305;yor.<br>Hacivat ve Karag&#246;z&#8217;&#252;n mezar&#305; oldu&#287;u iddia edilen &#8212;bug&#252;n &#199;ekirge Caddesi &#252;zerinde an&#305;t haline getirilmi&#351;&#8212; yer de <strong>S&#252;leyman &#199;elebi&#8217;nin t&#252;rbesine kom&#351;u</strong>. Gazetenin &#8220;Nas&#305;l Geldim?&#8221; ba&#351;l&#305;kl&#305; giri&#351; yaz&#305;s&#305; &#351;&#246;yle ba&#351;l&#305;yor:</p><div><hr></div><h3>&#8220;Nas&#305;l Geldim?&#8221;</h3><blockquote><p>Elli senelik bir ayr&#305;l&#305;ktan sonra yeniden aran&#305;za kar&#305;&#351;m&#305;&#351; oluyorum.<br>Ahiretten pasaport al&#305;nca, meteliksizlik y&#252;z&#252;nden y&#252;r&#252;yerek yola &#231;&#305;kt&#305;m; <strong>tam yedi senede</strong> Bursa&#8217;ya varabildim.<br>Oysa &#246;l&#252;p giderken &#246;yle olmam&#305;&#351;t&#305;; 24 saat i&#231;inde topra&#287;a verilivermi&#351;tim.</p><p>&#199;ekirge yolundan y&#252;r&#252;yerek &#351;ehre girdim. Ne de&#287;i&#351;iklikler olmu&#351;!<br>Eski kapl&#305;cay&#305; zor tan&#305;d&#305;m. Asfalt yolu takip edip biraz inince solumda, k&#305;rm&#305;z&#305;mt&#305;rak ta&#351;lardan yap&#305;lm&#305;&#351; bir yer g&#246;rd&#252;m &#8212; <strong>mezar desem de&#287;il, abide desem o da de&#287;il, garip bir t&#252;msek.</strong><br>&#220;zerinde &#231;ocuklar oynuyordu.</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>Yan&#305;mdakilere sordum:<br>&#8212; &#8220;Buras&#305; neresi evlad&#305;m?&#8221;<br>&#8212; &#8220;Karag&#246;z&#8217;&#252;n mezar&#305; amca!&#8221; dediler.</p><p>Zavall&#305; arkada&#351;&#305;m Karag&#246;z, bir ara d&#252;nyaya u&#287;ram&#305;&#351;t&#305;. &#8220;Halk Partisi&#8221; mi nedir, onlar &#231;a&#287;&#305;rm&#305;&#351;lar; fakat orada diki&#351; tutturamay&#305;nca ad&#305;n&#305; bile b&#305;rak&#305;p tekrar ahirete d&#246;nm&#252;&#351;t&#252;.</p><p>Biraz daha y&#252;r&#252;y&#252;nce, sa&#287; tarafta ortas&#305; a&#231;&#305;k, ucu sivri b&#305;rak&#305;lm&#305;&#351; bir mezar g&#246;rd&#252;m.<br>Yakla&#351;&#305;nca yaz&#305;y&#305; okudum: <strong>Bizim S&#252;leyman &#199;elebi&#8217;nin mezar&#305;.</strong></p><p>Me&#287;er ona bir &#351;eyler yap&#305;lmak istenmi&#351; ama hi&#231;bir &#351;ey yap&#305;lmam&#305;&#351;.</p><p>Oradan Muradiye&#8217;ye ge&#231;tim. &#214;ld&#252;&#287;&#252;nden beri bak&#305;ms&#305;z kalan, &#231;&#246;kmemesi i&#231;in direklerle tutturulmu&#351; <strong>Murad&#238;&#8217;nin evi</strong>ni g&#246;rd&#252;m.<br>T&#252;rbeler y&#305;k&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, kubbeler &#231;&#246;km&#252;&#351;; nice devirler g&#246;rm&#252;&#351; me&#351;hur ki&#351;ilerin kabirleri darmada&#287;&#305;n.</p><p>Bunlar&#305; g&#246;r&#252;nce, ge&#231;mi&#351;e kar&#351;&#305; ilgisizli&#287;inize ac&#305;d&#305;m. Biraz da geri d&#246;nm&#252;&#351; olmama pi&#351;man oldum.</p><p>Muradiye Caddesi&#8217;nden ge&#231;erken etrafa bakt&#305;m:<br>Ne bi&#231;im evler, ne tuhaf k&#305;yafetler!<br><strong>Elli y&#305;l sonra bu &#351;ehri tan&#305;yamaz hale gelmi&#351;im.</strong><br>Ahirete yeni gidenler d&#252;nyan&#305;z&#305; &#246;v&#252;p duruyorlard&#305;; demek ki abartm&#305;&#351;lar.</p><p>Hisar&#8217;a &#231;&#305;kt&#305;m, surlardan eser kalmam&#305;&#351;. Y&#252;r&#252;d&#252;m, y&#252;r&#252;d&#252;m&#8230; Asfalt dedikleri yolun kenar&#305;nda bir merdiven g&#246;rd&#252;m.<br>&#8220;Bunu ne i&#231;in yapt&#305;lar?&#8221; diye sordum.<br>&#8212; &#8220;Halk yorulmas&#305;n, kestirme olsun diye yapt&#305;lar!&#8221; dediler.</p><p>Biraz ilerleyince kar&#351;&#305;ma koca bir bina &#231;&#305;kt&#305;: bir hamam!<br><strong>&#199;ak&#305;r Hamam.</strong><br>&#350;a&#351;&#305;rd&#305;m; h&#226;l&#226; yerinde kalabilmi&#351;.<br>&#304;&#231;eri girdim, kimse &#8220;ho&#351; geldin&#8221; bile demedi. Bizim zaman&#305;m&#305;zda hamama gidene &#246;yle sayg&#305; g&#246;sterilirdi ki&#8230;</p><p>D&#305;&#351;ar&#305; &#231;&#305;k&#305;nca yine ilgisizlik. Nerede o eski temizlik, nerede o eski hamam tak&#305;mlar&#305;&#8230;</p><p>Az sonra yol ortas&#305;nda kalm&#305;&#351; koca bir &#231;&#305;nar&#305;n yan&#305;ndan ge&#231;erken neredeyse bir &#8220;&#246;k&#252;zs&#252;z araba&#8221; (otomobil) beni ezecekti!<br>Kendimi yana att&#305;m da kurtuldum.</p><p>Ulu Cami&#8217;ye yakla&#351;&#305;nca kulaklar&#305;ma sesler geldi:<br>&#8220;&#304;&#351;te Hacivat! &#304;&#351;te Hacivat geldi!&#8221;</p><p>Gen&#231;ler etraf&#305;m&#305; sard&#305;; kimisi sakal&#305;m&#305;, kimisi y&#252;z&#252;m&#252; &#246;pmeye ba&#351;lad&#305;.<br>Me&#287;er otob&#252;sle gelece&#287;imi sanm&#305;&#351;lar!<br>&#8220;Otob&#252;s nedir?&#8221; diye sordum; o s&#305;rada yan&#305;m&#305;zdan g&#252;r&#252;lt&#252;l&#252; bir araba ge&#231;ti.<br>&#8220;&#304;&#351;te o!&#8221; dediler.</p><p>Hep birlikte bir binaya girdik, kahveler geldi. &#304;&#231;lerinden biri beni tan&#305;tt&#305;:<br>&#8212; &#8220;&#304;&#351;te Hacivat, ammeal sahibiniz bu zat!&#8221; dedi.</p><p>&#8220;Niye benim sahibim oluyormu&#351;?&#8221; diye sordum, g&#252;ld&#252;ler.</p><p>Bir de &#8220;hocam&#8221; varm&#305;&#351; me&#287;er; ben yaz&#305;lar&#305; Arap harfleriyle yazm&#305;&#351;&#305;m, o yeni yaz&#305;ya &#231;evirmi&#351;.<br>&#8220;Hocam gayretli &#231;&#305;karsa haftaya yeni yaz&#305;y&#305; &#246;&#287;renip kendi elimle yazaca&#287;&#305;m&#8221; dedim.</p></blockquote><p></p><p>CHP&#8217;nin Bursa&#8217;daki bir numaral&#305; yay&#305;n organ&#305; olan <strong>ANT Gazetesi&#8217;nin</strong> bir d&#246;nem &#231;&#305;kar&#305;c&#305;s&#305; ve kentin <strong>CHP &#231;evrelerinin &#246;nde gelen isimlerinden biri</strong> olan <strong>Musa Ata&#351;</strong> da Hacivat&#8217;&#305;n hicivlerinden nasibini alm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Uzun s&#252;re <strong>i&#351;sizlik ya&#351;ad&#305;&#287;&#305; bilinen</strong> Ata&#351;&#8217;&#305;n, art&#305;k faaliyet g&#246;stermedi&#287;i belirtilen <strong>Da&#287;c&#305;l&#305;k Kul&#252;b&#252;&#8217;n&#252;n ba&#351;&#305;na getirilmesi</strong>, gazetede <strong>&#8220;adam kay&#305;rmac&#305;l&#305;&#287;&#305;&#8221;</strong> ima eden bir dille ele&#351;tirilmi&#351;ti:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FQkn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e971339-7619-4ea7-b46c-0d943b303001_678x284.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FQkn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e971339-7619-4ea7-b46c-0d943b303001_678x284.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FQkn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e971339-7619-4ea7-b46c-0d943b303001_678x284.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FQkn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e971339-7619-4ea7-b46c-0d943b303001_678x284.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FQkn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e971339-7619-4ea7-b46c-0d943b303001_678x284.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FQkn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e971339-7619-4ea7-b46c-0d943b303001_678x284.png" width="678" height="284" 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stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>II. D&#252;nya Sava&#351;&#305; y&#305;llar&#305;nda</strong>, bir&#231;ok temel g&#305;dan&#305;n <strong>karneyle da&#287;&#305;t&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;</strong> o yokluk d&#246;neminde, halk&#305;n &#231;ekti&#287;i <strong>a&#231;l&#305;k ve yoksulluk</strong> Hacivat Gazetesi&#8217;nde keskin bir mizahla ele al&#305;nm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Gazete, durumu hicvederek, okullarda yak&#305;nda <strong>&#8220;A&#231;l&#305;&#287;a Nas&#305;l Tahamm&#252;l Edilir&#8221;</strong> adl&#305; bir dersin okutulaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; s&#246;yleyip d&#246;nemin ekonomik s&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305;n&#305; <strong>alayc&#305; bir dille ele&#351;tirmi&#351;ti:</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FB34!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b73e527-4c78-4616-9662-aa43a7293b89_576x662.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FB34!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b73e527-4c78-4616-9662-aa43a7293b89_576x662.png 424w, 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